A5063552547- Magnetic confinement fusion research
- Fusion materials and technologies
- Superconducting Materials and Applications
- Laser-Plasma Interactions and Diagnostics
- Atomic and Molecular Physics
- Particle accelerators and beam dynamics
- Plasma Diagnostics and Applications
- Laser-induced spectroscopy and plasma
- Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics
- Nuclear physics research studies
- Nuclear reactor physics and engineering
- X-ray Spectroscopy and Fluorescence Analysis
- High-Energy Particle Collisions Research
- Advanced Chemical Physics Studies
- Nuclear Physics and Applications
- Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies
- Quantum Chromodynamics and Particle Interactions
- Advanced NMR Techniques and Applications
- Calibration and Measurement Techniques
- Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics
- Cold Fusion and Nuclear Reactions
- Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
- Cardiac Arrest and Resuscitation
- Electrostatic Discharge in Electronics
- Healthcare Policy and Management
Culham Centre for Fusion Energy
2011-2024
Culham Science Centre
2015-2024
United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority
1981-2024
Royal Military Academy
2020
University of Glasgow
2009-2016
Western Sydney University
2016
IS practice
2016
James Cook University
2015
ITER
2013
Queen's University Belfast
2010-2013
This paper reports the impact on confinement and power load of high-shape 2.5 MA ELMy H-mode scenario at JET a change from all carbon plasma-facing components to an metal wall. In preparation this change, systematic studies reduction as result fuelling in combination with nitrogen seeding were carried out JET-C are compared their counterpart metallic An unexpected significant is reported decrease pedestal but partially recovered injection nitrogen.
The impact of carbon and beryllium/tungsten as plasma-facing components on plasma radiation, divertor power particle fluxes, neutral conditions in the divertors has been assessed JET both experimentally by edge fluid code simulations for plasmas low-confinement mode. In high-recycling studies show a 30% reduction total radiation scrape-off (SOL) layer when replacing (JET-C) with beryllium main chamber tungsten (JET-ILW). Correspondingly, at low-field side (LFS) plate two-fold increase...
Abstract The JET hybrid scenario has been developed from low plasma current carbon wall discharges to the record-breaking Deuterium-Tritium plasmas obtained in 2021 with ITER-like Be/W wall. development started pure Deuterium refinement of current, and toroidal magnetic field choices succeeded solving heat load challenges arising 37 MW injected power ITER like environment, keeping radiation edge core controlled, avoiding MHD instabilities reaching high neutron rates. have re-run Tritium...
This paper reports recent progress in the field of γ-ray diagnosis fast ions JET tokamak. The γ-rays, born nuclear reactions between and main plasma impurities and/or fuel ions, are analysed with a new modelling tool (the GAMMOD code) that has been developed for quantitative analysis measured energy spectra. spectra identifies different giving rise to emission assesses effective tail temperatures relative concentrations these ions. assessment is possible, since excitation functions well...
Previous research has demonstrated a relationship between cognitive pain coping activity and adjustment in patients. The empirically derived dimensions of activity, as measured by scales from the Coping Strategy Questionnaire (CSQ), however, have varied across investigations. purpose this investigation was to determine both content number CSQ explore potential moderating influence that sociodemographic patient history variables may on latent structure CSQ. A total 620 patients 5 different...
Associations of multimorbidity and income with hospital admission were investigated in population samples from 3 widely differing health care systems: Scotland (n = 36,921), China 162,464), Hong Kong 29,187). Multimorbidity increased odds admissions all settings. In Scotland, poorer people more likely to be admitted (adjusted ratio [aOR] 1.62; 95% CI, 1.41–1.86 for the lowest group vs highest), whereas showed opposite (aOR 0.58; 0.56–0.60). Kong, public hospitals 1.68; 1.36–2.07), but less...
The combination of two regimes enhanced performance, the H-mode and pellet performance (PEP) mode, has been achieved in JET. strong enhancement central plasma parameters, obtained with injection subsequent auxiliary heating, is found to persist well into phase. A characteristic PEP regime that an improvement fusion reactivity over non-pellet discharges under condition nearly equal electron ion temperatures. maximum neutron production rate 0.95 × 10l6 s−1 was a double-null X-point discharge...
Abstract This paper reports the first experiment carried out in deuterium–tritium addressing integration of a radiative divertor for heat-load control with good confinement. Neon seeding was time D–T plasma as part second campaign JET its Be/W wall environment. The technical difficulties linked to re-ionisation heat load are reported T and D–T. compares impact neon on plasmas their D counterpart detachment, localisation radiation, scrape-off profiles, pedestal structure, edge localised modes global
Abstract The pre-thermal quench (pre-TQ) dynamics of a pure deuterium ( <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">D</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:math> ) shattered pellet injection (SPI) into <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> <mml:mstyle scriptlevel="0"/> <mml:mi>MA</mml:mi> / <mml:mn>7</mml:mn> <mml:mi>MJ</mml:mi> JET H-mode plasma is studied via 3D non-linear MHD modelling with the JOREK code....
CAR T therapy for solid tumors is limited by a lack of safe and uniformly expressed cell-surface targets. Here, we identify the MiT fusion-driven protein GPNMB as being highly, homogeneously, stably in primary relapsed translocation-positive alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) renal cell carcinoma (tRCC). We developed GPNMB-targeting called GCAR1 that shows activity against patient-matched cells, organoids xenograft models. First-in-human treatment patient with metastatic ASPS was well...
Reactor relevant ICRH scenarios have been assessed during DT experiments on the JET tokamak using H mode divertor discharges with ITER-like shapes and safety factors. Deuterium minority heating in tritium plasmas was demonstrated for first time. For 9% deuterium, an power of 6 MW gave 1.66 fusion from reactions between suprathermal deuterons thermal tritons. The Q value steady state discharge reached 0.22 length RF flat-top (2.7 s), corresponding to three plasma energy replacement times....
An overview of JET experimental results in DT plasmas directly relevant to ITER modes operation is presented. Experiments D:T mixtures varying from 100:0 10:90 and those carried out hydrogen show that the H mode threshold power has an approximately inverse isotope mass dependence. Matching some key dimensionless parameters values, similarity experiments with shape safety factor q global energy confinement time practically independent isotopic (~A0.03±0.08), where A atomic hydrogenic species....
Ion cyclotron resonance heating (ICRH) experiments have been carried out in JET D-T plasmas using scenarios applicable to reactors. Deuterium minority tritium is used for the first time and produces 1.66 MW of fusion power an ICRH 6 MW. The $Q$ value 0.22, which a record steady state discharges. Fundamental $\mathrm{He}{}^{3}$ ICRH, both 50:50 dominated plasmas, generates strong bulk ion temperatures up 13 keV. Second harmonic seen heat mainly electrons as expected conditions. All three...
Third-harmonic ion-cyclotron-resonance heating of ${}^{4}\mathrm{He}$-beam ions has produced for the first time on JET tokamak high-energy populations ${}^{4}\mathrm{He}$ to simulate 3.5 MeV fusion-born alpha (\ensuremath{\alpha}) particles. Acceleration energy range is confirmed by \ensuremath{\gamma}-ray emission from nuclear reaction ${}^{9}\mathrm{Be}(\ensuremath{\alpha},n\ensuremath{\gamma}){}^{12}\mathrm{C}$ and excitation Alfv\'en eigenmodes. Concomitant electron sawtooth...
During r.f. experiments on JET a strong modification of the plasma edge is generally observed. Density and temperature profiles in scrape-off layer usually flatten enhanced impurity neutral influx Metallic originating from antennae screens also This especially true when are phased so that excited spectrum contains large fraction power waves with k/sub ///=0-3 m-1. A radially localized enhancement particle diffusivity Dperpendicular to (a) across results. When quadrupole configuration maximum...
Over 400 new identifications of emission lines in the grazing-incidence spectra elements from chromium to nickel are reported. The great majority these belong 2sn2pk-2sn-12pk+1 transition arrays O I Be isoelectronic sequences. Some belonging N I, C B and sequences identified as intercombination lines. data, taken together with other published results F Li sequences, allow a complete listing transitions nickel, their appropriate term schemes. schemes lead wavelength predictions for various...
In Hybrid plasma operation in JET with its ITER-like wall (JET-ILW) it is found that n>1 tearing activity can significantly enhance the rate of on-axis peaking tungsten impurities, which turn degrades discharge performance. Core n=1 instabilities be beneficial removing impurities from core (e.g. sawteeth or fishbones), but conversely also degrade confinement (particularly combination simultaneous n=3 activity). The nature MHD discharges, both previous Carbon and subsequent JET-ILW, surveyed...
During ICRF heating in JET highly-localized impurity influxes from the Faraday screens (FS) of RF antennas are observed. The result acceleration deuterium and ions RF-enhanced Bohm-Debye sheaths. sheaths form when equilibrium magnetic field line, linking a large flux, connects two surfaces closes loop where voltage is induced. FS depend on intimately-linked parameters, antenna density at FS, as well angle, phasing, geometry material.
<h3>Background</h3> Cardiovascular primary prevention should be targeted at those with the highest global risk. However, it is unclear how best to identify such individuals from general population. The aim of this study was compare mass and screening strategies in terms effectiveness, cost effectiveness coverage. <h3>Methods</h3> Scottish Health Survey provided cross-sectional data on 3921 asymptomatic members population aged 40–74 years. We undertook simulation models five strategies:...
This paper covers aspects of long-term evolution intrinsic impurities in the JET tokamak with respect to newly installed ITER-like wall (ILW). At first changes related change over from JET-C JET-ILW beryllium (Be) as main material and tungsten (W) divertor are discussed. The impurity fluxes W studying migration is described. In addition, a statistical analysis transient events causing significant plasma contamination radiation losses shown. findings comprise drop carbon content (×20) (see...
Abstract In high confinement mode, highly shaped plasmas with edge localized modes in JET, and for heating power of 15–17 MW, the fluid code EDGE2D-EIRENE predicts transition to detachment assisted by nitrogen at low field side (LFS) target when more than 50% crossing separatrix between ELMs is radiated divertor chamber, i.e. ~4 MW. This observed both ITER-like wall (JET-ILW) carbon (JET-C) configurations consistent experimental observations within their uncertainty. these conditions, peak...