Restrictions on the use of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have resulted in increased alternate flame retardant chemicals to meet flammability standards. However, it has been difficult determine which chemical formulations are currently being used high volumes standards since consumer products is not transparent (i.e., provided customers). To investigate as replacements for PentaBDE polyurethane foam, we analyzed foam samples from 26 different pieces furniture purchased United States...

Due to the voluntary withdrawals and/or bans on use of two polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) commercial mixtures, an increasing number alternate flame retardant chemicals are being introduced in applications. To determine if these BFRs present indoor environments, we analyzed dust samples collected from 19 homes greater Boston, MA area during 2006. Using pure and standards quantified following brominated using GC/ECNI-MS methods: hexabromocyclododecane (sigma HBCD),...

Polyfluoroalkyl chemicals (PFCs) are used commonly in commercial applications and detected humans the environment worldwide. Concern has been raised that they may disrupt lipid weight regulation.We investigated relationship between PFC serum concentrations outcomes a large publicly available data set.We analyzed from 20032004 National Health Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) for participants 1280 years of age. Using linear regression to control covariates, we studied association...

This study was designed to determine the body burden of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) among first-time mothers in Greater Boston, Massachusetts area and explore key routes exposure. We collected breast milk samples from 46 mothers, 2−8 weeks after birth. also sampled house dust homes a subset participants by vacuuming commonly used areas. Data on personal characteristics, diet, home furniture, electrical devices were gathered each participant using questionnaire. Breast analyzed for...

With the phase-out of PentaBDE in 2004, alternative flame retardants are being used polyurethane foam to meet flammability standards. However, insufficient information is available on identity currently use. Baby products containing must California state furniture standards, which likely affects use baby throughout U.S. it unclear contain and at what concentrations. In this study we surveyed investigate how often were these products. Information when purchased whether they contained a label...

Although diet and activity are key factors in the obesity epidemic, laboratory studies suggest that endocrine disrupting chemicals may also affect obesity. We analyzed associations between six phthalate metabolites measured urine body mass index (BMI) waist circumference (WC) National Health Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) participants aged 6–80. included 4369 from NHANES 1999–2002, with data on mono-ethyl (MEP), mono-2-ethylhexyl (MEHP), mono-n-butyl (MBP), mono-benzyl (MBzP)...

California's furniture flammability standard Technical Bulletin 117 (TB 117) is believed to be a major driver of chemical flame retardant (FR) use in residential the United States. With phase-out polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) FR mixture PentaBDE 2005, alternative FRs are increasingly being used meet TB 117; however, it was unclear which chemicals were and how frequently. To address this data gap, we collected analyzed 102 samples polyurethane foam from couches purchased States 1985...

Humans are exposed to a large number of environmental chemicals: Some these may be toxic, and many others have unknown or poorly characterized health effects. There is intense interest in determining the impact exposure chemical mixtures on human health. As study continues evolve field epidemiology, it imperative that we understand methodologic challenges this research types questions can address using epidemiological data. In article, summarize some unique assessment, statistical methods,...

Background: Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) has been linked to cancer in occupational mortality studies and animal toxicologic research.Objective: We investigated the relationship between PFOA exposure among residents living near DuPont Teflon-manufacturing plant Parkersburg, West Virginia (WV).Methods: Our analyses included incident cases of 18 cancers diagnosed from 1996 through 2005 five Ohio (OH) counties eight WV counties. For each outcome, controls comprised all other study data set...

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are persistent, bioaccumulative, and endocrine-disrupting chemicals.

Summary:Quantifying the impact of exposure to environmental chemical mixtures is important for identifying risk factors diseases and developing more targeted public health interventions. The National Institute Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) held a workshop in July 2015 address need develop novel statistical approaches multi-pollutant epidemiology studies. primary objective was identify compare different methods analyzing complex data both simulated real-world sets. At workshop,...

In this discussion paper, the transition from long-chain poly- and perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) to fluorinated alternatives is addressed. Long-chain PFASs include perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) with 7 or more carbons, sulfonic (PFSAs) 6 their precursors. Because have been found be persistent, bioaccumulative toxic, they are being replaced by a wide range of alternatives. We summarize key concerns about potential impacts on human health environment in order provide concise...

While a recent toxicological study has shown that organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) may disrupt sphingolipid homeostasis, epidemiologic evidence is currently lacking. In this study, total of 257 participants were recruited from Shenzhen, China. Eleven OPFRs for the first time simultaneously determined in human blood samples by ultraperformance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. Six OPFRs, tributyl phosphate (TNBP), 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl (EHDPP),...

Recent experimental models and epidemiological studies suggest that specific environmental contaminants (ECs) contribute to the initiation pathology of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, underlying mechanisms linking EC exposure with NAFLD remain poorly understood there is no data on their impact human metabolome. Herein, we hypothesized ECs, particularly perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS), impacts metabolism, specifically bile acid metabolism.In a well-characterized...

Organophosphate flame retardants (PFRs) are widely used as replacements for polybrominated diphenyl ethers in consumer products. With high detection indoor environments and increasing toxicological evidence suggesting a potential adverse health effects, there is growing need reliable exposure metrics to examine individual exposures PFRs. Silicone wristbands have been passive air samplers quantifying the general population occupational polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Here we investigated...

Background: The use of alternative flame retardants has increased since the phase out pentabromodiphenyl ethers (pentaBDEs). One alternative, Firemaster® 550 (FM550), induces obesity in rats. Triphenyl phosphate (TPP), a component FM550, structure similar to that organotins, which are obesogenic rodents.Objectives: We tested hypothesis components FM550 biologically active peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) ligands and estimated indoor exposure TPP.Methods: its were assessed...

Environmental toxicants (ETs) are associated with adverse health outcomes. Here we hypothesized that exposures to ETs linked obesity and insulin resistance partly through a dysbiotic gut microbiota changes in the serum levels of secondary bile acids (BAs). Serum BAs, per- polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) additional twenty-seven were measured by mass spectrometry 264 Danes (121 men 143 women, aged 56.6 ± 7.3 years, BMI 29.7 6.0 kg/m

Wastewater receives per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from diverse consumer industrial sources, discharges are known to be a concern for drinking water quality. The PFAS family includes thousands of potential chemical structures containing organofluorine moieties. Exposures few well-studied PFAS, mainly perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAA), have been associated with increased risk many adverse health outcomes, prompting federal regulations six compounds in 2024. Here, we find that the...

BackgroundPolyfluoroalkyl chemicals (PFCs) have been widely used in consumer products. Exposures the United States and world populations are widespread. PFC exposures linked to various health impacts, data animals suggest that PFCs may be potential developmental neurotoxicants.ObjectivesWe evaluated associations between four parental report of diagnosis attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).MethodsData were obtained from National Health Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)...