Walking flexibility depends on use of feedback or reactive control to respond unexpected changes in the environment, and ability adapt feedforward predictive for sustained alterations. Recent work has demonstrated that cerebellar damage impairs adaptation, but not control, during human split-belt treadmill walking. In contrast, focal cerebral from stroke did impair either process. This led suggestion interactions with brainstem are more important than those structures adaptation. Does...

Postural stability depends on interactions between the musculoskeletal system and neural control mechanisms. We present a frontal plane model stabilized by delayed feedback to analyze effects of altered stance width postural responses perturbations. hypothesized that changing alters mechanical dynamics body limits range gains produce stable behaviors. Surprisingly, was found decrease as increased due decreased effective inertia. Furthermore, sensorimotor delays leverage hip joint torque...

The relationship between spatiotemporal gait asymmetry and walking energetics is currently under debate. split-belt treadmill paradigm has been used to study adaptation of parameters in relation energetics, but it remains unclear why people reduce step lengths, prefer times. In this we characterized the effects time length on energy cost during steady-state a at increasing speed-differences. Both optimal preferred increased with greater speed differences, while lengths remained constant...

Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i>), a staple crop worldwide, is severely threatened by bacterial panicle blight caused <i>Burkholderia glumae</i>, leading to substantial yield losses. The lack of effective chemical treatments and resistant rice cultivars highlights the urgent need for alternative solutions. In this study, 1,134 plant extracts were screened antibacterial activity against <i>B. glumae</i> using agar disc diffusion liquid broth assays. Thirty-three...

When we walk in a challenging environment, use visual information to modify our gait and place feet carefully on the ground. Here, explored how central common drive ankle muscles changes relation visually guided foot placement. Sixteen healthy adults aged 23 ± 5 years participated study. Electromyography (EMG) from Soleus (Sol), medial Gastrocnemius (MG), distal proximal ends of Tibialis anterior (TA) electroencephalography (EEG) Cz were recorded while subjects walked motorized treadmill. A...

Burst-tonic (BT) neurons in the prepositus hypoglossi and adjacent medial vestibular nuclei are important elements of neural integrator for horizontal eye movements. While metrics their discharges have been studied during conjugate saccades (where eyes rotate with similar dynamics), role disjunctive markedly different dynamics to account differences depths between saccadic targets) remains completely unexplored. In this report, we provide first detailed quantification discharge BT saccades,...

Abstract Surfactants during routine washing have a tremendous effect on lipid loss from hair. This study aims to understand the of lipids hair upon contact with surfactants and develop way prevent loss. The change in levels depends relative hydrophobicity lipid. We herein propose that can be protected by two modifications. In case fatty acids cholesterol (group A), concentration difference between virgin versus surface modified highly charged polymer was 22 32% higher after while squalene...

When walking on a split-belt treadmill where one belt moves faster than the other, nervous system consistently attempts to maintain symmetry between legs, quantified as deviation from double support time or step length symmetry. It is known that cerebellum plays critical role in locomotor adaptation. Less about of corticospinal drive maintaining this type proprioceptive-driven The objective study was examine functional oscillatory relation changes spatiotemporal gait parameters during...

Abstract The ability of humans to coordinate stereotyped, alternating movements between the two legs during bipedal walking is a complex motor behavior that requires precisely timed activities across multiple nodes supraspinal network. Understanding neural network dynamics underlie natural in limited. We investigated cortical and subthalamic overground evaluated spectral biomarkers decode gait cycle three patients with Parkinson’s disease without disturbances. Patients were implanted chronic...

Voluntary limb modifications must be integrated with basic walking patterns during visually guided walking. In this study we tested whether voluntary gait can become more automatic practice. We challenged control by presenting visual stepping targets that instructed subjects to modify step length from one trial the next. Our sequence learning paradigm is derived serial reaction-time (SRT) task has been used in upper studies. Both random and ordered sequences of lengths were measure...

Abstract The split-belt treadmill has been used to examine the adaptation of spatial and temporal gait parameters. Historically, similar studies have focused on anterior-posterior (AP) spatiotemporal parameters because this paradigm is primarily a perturbation in AP direction, but it important understand whether how medial-lateral (ML) control adapts scenario. ML balance must be actively controlled adapted different walking environments. Furthermore, well established that older adults...

Locomotor patterns are adapted on a trial-and-error basis to account for predictable dynamics. Once walking pattern is adapted, the new calibration stored and must be actively de-adapted. Here, we tested hypothesis that storage of newly acquired ankle adaptation in dependent corticospinal mechanisms. Subjects were exposed an elastic force resisted dorsiflexion during treadmill walking. Ankle movement was <30 strides, leading after-effects removal force. We used crossover design study effects...

Key points Sensory input from peripheral receptors are important for the regulation of walking patterns. Cutaneous mediates muscle responses to deal with immediate external perturbations. In this study we focused on role cutaneous feedback in locomotor adaptation that takes place over minutes training. We show interfering reduced ankle perturbations during walking. These results help us understand neural mechanisms underlying adaptation, and have clinical implications treating impairments...

This paper reports on the implementation and characterization of wafer-level-packaged accelerometer contact microphones having wide bandwidth (fres >10 kHz) low-noise (<100 µg√Hz) for use as auscultation devices in body-worn sensor arrays.By using capacitive accelerometers microphones, encapsulated can detect not only internal sounds from organs but also body motions down to DC frequency levels, significantly reducing size fabrication cost wearable technology health monitoring.The...

The metabolic cost of walking in healthy individuals increases with spatiotemporal gait asymmetries. Pathological gait, such as post-stroke, often has asymmetry step length and time which may contribute to an increased energy cost. But paradoxically, enforcing symmetry does not reduce post-stroke walking. isolated interacting costs remain unclear, because previous studies did simultaneously enforce spatial temporal Here, we delineate the human We first show that is predicted by taking two...

Walking requires control of where and when to step for stable interlimb coordination. Motorized split-belt treadmills which constrain each leg move at different speeds lead adaptive changes limb coordination that result in after-effects (e.g. gait asymmetry) on return normal treadmill walking. These indicate an underlying neural adaptation. Here, we assessed the transfer motorized adaptations with a custom non-motorized belt can be self-propelled speeds. Transfer was indicated by presence...

Often, humans and other animals move in a manner that minimizes energy costs. It is more economical to walk at slow speeds, run fast speeds. Here we asked whether select gait neuromuscular effort under novel unfamiliar conditions, by imposing interlimb asymmetry during split-belt treadmill locomotion. The walk-run transition speed changed markedly across different conditions: forward, backward, hybrid (one leg one backward), forward with differences faster than the other). Most importantly,...