Background. Ghana was among the first African nations to introduce monovalent rotavirus vaccine (RV1) into its childhood immunization schedule in April 2012. We aimed assess impact of introduction on and acute gastroenteritis (AGE) hospitalizations estimate effectiveness (VE). Methods. Using data from 2 teaching hospitals, monthly AGE admissions by age were examined 40 months before 31 after RV1 using interrupted time-series analyses. From January 2013, we enrolled children <2 years who...

Group A rotaviruses (RVAs) are the most important etiological agent of acute gastroenteritis in children <5 years age worldwide. The monovalent rotavirus vaccine Rotarix was introduced into national Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) Ghana May 2012. However, there is a paucity genetic and phylogenetic data complete genomes human RVAs circulation pre-vaccine introduction. common bovine VP7 genotype G8 has been sporadically detected Ghanaian children, usually combination with VP4 P[6]....

Rotavirus immunization has been effective in developed countries where genotype G1P[8] is the predominant rotavirus strain. Knowledge of circulating strains a population before introduction program will be useful evaluating effect intervention.Rotavirus was identified by enzyme immuno-assay (EIA) on stool specimens children (age 0-59 months) hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis from August 2007 to February 2011 Accra, Ghana. positive were further characterized polyacrylamide gel...

Recent increase in the detection of unusual G1P[8], G3P[8], G8P[8], and G9P[4] Rotavirus A (RVA) strains bearing DS-1-like constellation non-G, non-P genes (hereafter referred to as genotype 2 backbone) requires better understanding their evolutionary relationship. However, within a genotype, there is lack consensus lineage designation framework set common sequences that can serve references. Phylogenetic analyses were carried out on over 8,500 RVA systematically retrieved from rotavirus...

Understanding the epidemiology of human norovirus infection in children within Ghana and entire sub-Saharan African region, where future vaccines would have greatest impact, is essential. We analyzed 1337 diarrheic stool samples collected from &lt;5 years January 2008 to December 2017 found 485 (36.2%) shedding virus. GII.4 (54.1%), GII.3 (7.7%), GII.6 (5.3%), GII.17 (4.7%), GII.5 (4.7%) were most common genotypes. Although remained predominant capsid genotype throughout study period, an...

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited disorder that causes lifelong complications, substantially impacting the physical and emotional well-being of patients their caregivers. Studies investigating effects SCD on quality life (QOL) are often limited to individual countries, lack SCD-specific QOL questionnaires, exclude caregiver experience. The SHAPE survey aimed broaden understanding global burden caregivers capture viewpoint healthcare providers (HCPs).

Rotavirus (RVA) is a leading cause of childhood gastroenteritis. RVA vaccines have reduced the global disease burden; however, emergence intergenogroup reassortant strains growing concern. During surveillance in Ghana, we observed G9P[4] fourth year after vaccine introduction. To investigate whether Ghanaian also exhibited DS-1-like backbone, as seen G1/G3/G8/G9 found other countries recent years, this study determined whole genome sequences fifteen and two G2P[4] detected during 2015–2016....

Aim To assess attitudes and beliefs towards benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)/ lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) its treatment among patients physicians in Latin America, Asia Pacific the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). Methods Cross-sectional, quantitative study conducted between December 2014 September 2015. Separate questionnaires were administered to BPH/LUTS receiving drug for their condition practising who treat with BPH/LUTS. Results In total, 1094 202 completed a...

Vaccines have reduced child mortality across the world, but low levels of demand for vaccination threatens to undermine progress. Existing frameworks understand tend prioritise primary caregivers' decision-making processes. We aimed build a wider understanding vaccine by applying an adapted socio-ecological model analyse 158 interviews with caregivers and fathers young children, community influencers in Nigeria, Uganda, Guinea. found that several factors come together inform caregiver's...

More than 500 000 young children die from dehydration caused by severe diarrhea each year, globally. Although routine use of oral rehydration solution (ORS) could prevent almost all these deaths, ORS utilization remains low in many low-income countries. Previous research has suggested that misperceptions among caregivers may be an obstacle to wider ORS.To better understand the extent and reasons for or non-use low-resource settings, project team conducted a semi-structured, quantitative...

Rotavirus infection is the most common cause of severe gastroenteritis in children under five years age both developed and developing countries. The World Health Organisation (WHO) recommends surveillance rotavirus strains prior to vaccine introduction all applicable objective this study was describe epidemiological characteristics as well determine circulating genotypes rotaviruses Côte d'Ivoire introduction. included who met inclusion criteria after informed consent had been sort from...

Diarrheal diseases cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly in children under age five. Most of the 2.5 million annual diarrhea-related deaths occur developing countries, where access to treatment is limited by geographic, cultural knowledge-based factors. Noroviruses, leading diarrhea adults, are second viral etiology behind rotaviruses, causing a roughly estimated 218,000 child year. The recent introduction rotavirus vaccines throughout world may open path for...

In 2010, the rare OP354-like P[8]b rotavirus subtype was detected in children less than 2 years old Ghana. this follow-up study, to provide insight into evolutionary history of genome Ghanaian strains RVA/Human-wt/GHA/GHDC949/2010/G9P[8] and RVA/Human-wt/GHA/GHM0094/2010/G9P[8] an infant a 7-month child hospitalised for acute gastroenteritis, we sequenced complete using both Sanger sequencing Illumina MiSeq technology followed by phylogenetic analysis near-full length sequences. Both...

The World Health Organisation rotavirus surveillance networks have documented and shown eclectic geographic temporal diversity in circulating G- P- genotypes identified children <5 years of age. To effectively monitor vaccine performance effectiveness, robust molecular phylogenetic techniques are essential to detect novel strain variants that might emerge due pressure. This study inferred the history VP7 VP4 genes previously non-typeable strains provided insight into P[8] sequences which...

Rotaviruses with G6P[14] specificity are mostly isolated in cattle and have been established as a rare cause of gastroenteritis humans. This study reports the first detection rotavirus strain Ghana from stool an infant during hospital-based surveillance 2010.Viral RNA was extracted VP7 VP4 genes amplified by one step RT-PCR using gene-specific primers. The DNA purified, sequenced genotypes determined BLAST RotaC v2.0. Phylogenetic tree constructed maximum likelihood method MEGA v6.06...

Rotaviruses with the P[8] genotype have been associated majority of infections. Recent improvements in molecular diagnostics delineated into P[8]a and P[8]b subtypes. is previously known which common whilst subtype also as OP354-like strain genetically distinct, rarely detected reported from a few countries. In previous study, P-types could not be determined for 80 RVA-positive samples by conventional RT-PCR genotyping methods recommended pool P-genotype specific primers used WHO Regional...

Viral infections, ranging from the common cold to severe illnesses like HIV/AIDS, Ebola, and SARS-CoV-2, are a major public health concern. The Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research (NMIMR) has comprehensive research program on viral diseases. During seventh annual meeting (ARM), presentations highlighted NMIMR's role in Ghana's preparedness epidemic-prone diseases, national surveillance, policy support. NMIMR hosts several key centres, including National Influenza Centre Regional...

Most human rotaviruses belong to the Wa-like, DS-1-like, or AU-1-like genotype constellation. The constellation, albeit minor, captured attention because its prototype strain AU-1 originated from feline rotavirus, leading concept of interspecies transmission rotavirus. genome sequence determined by various laboratories over years has documented two conflicting VP7 sequences in GenBank. As culture-adaptation may introduce changes viral genome, original fecal (wild-type) and seed stock...

Abstract Group A Rotaviruses (RVAs) are the most important etiological agents of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in children less than 5 years age. Mortality resulting from RVA is higher developing countries developed ones, causing a huge public health burden global regions like Africa and South‐East Asia. This study reports genotypes detected Ashaiman, Greater Accra Region, Ghana, postvaccine introduction era for period 2014‐2016. Stool samples were collected age who visited Ashaiman Polyclinic...

Vaccines have contributed to reductions in morbidity and mortality from preventable diseases globally, but low demand for vaccination threatens reverse these gains. Explorations of the determinants uptake may rely on proxy variables describe complex phenomena construct models without reference underlying theories vaccine demand. This study aimed use results a formative qualitative (described elsewhere) test model explain uptake. Using survey among more than 3,000 primary caregivers young...

Abstract Objective This study aimed to determine the circulating rotavirus genotypes among children 0 59 months with acute gastroenteritis in Zaria, Northwestern Nigeria. Methods A cross-sectional hospital-based was performed from November 2015 April 2017 on 415 stool samples of presenting at pediatric clinics five selected health care facilities The were tested for group antigen by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using ProSpecT™ Rotavirus Microplate Assay (Thermo Scientific Oxoid,...

We used the dideoxynucleotide chain termination method to determine strains of nine non-typeable rotavirus enzyme immunoassay-positive samples, which were identified as G2. detected nucleotide changes in primer-binding region and amino acid substitutions within VP7 protein G2 strains. Genotyping primers need be updated regularly.