To understand the heterogeneity of gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor (GABABR)-mediated events, we investigated expression GABABR1a and 1b mRNA variants in GABA non-GABAergic neurons rat central nervous system (CNS), by using nonradioactive situ hybridization histochemistry and, combination with immunocytochemistry, double labeling. In a pan probe, which recognizes common sequence both GABABR1b variants, demonstrated widespread GABABR1 at various levels CNS. Both were expressed...

The timing of neocortical regional specification was examined using a monoclonal antibody, designated PC3.1, that binds 29-kDa polypeptide and recognizes neuronal subpopulation located in the lateral but not dorsomedial neocortex rat. When cortical tissue fragments at embryonic days 12 16 were maintained an organotypic culture system, substantial number neurons became PC3.1-immunopositive. In marked contrast, considerably fewer, if any, PC3.1-positive observed cultures dorsal tissue....

Abstract During development neurons migrate from their site of origin to final destinations under a variety mechanisms. Although evidence has been accumulating that the cells cortical ventricular zone (VZ) radially and produce pyramidal cells, directly links terminal phenotype migrating limited. Further, relation between migratory behavior these mature morphology remains obscure. To address issues, we developed an in vitro preparation enables visualization derived VZ. VZ rat cortex at...

Time-lapse studies indicate that ventricular zone (VZ)-derived cells show two migratory modes in the cerebral cortex at different stages of mammalian embryogenesis: somal translocation and locomotion. We carried out a systematic analysis to examine whether behavior cortical neurons derived from VZ is stage-dependent. labeled mouse embryos with green fluorescent protein (gfp) -encoding plasmids by utero electroporation evaluated after appropriate survival periods. After either embryonic day...

The formation of axon-dendrite polarity is crucial for neuron to make the proper information flow within brain. Although processes neuronal have been extensively studied using neurons in dissociated culture, corresponding developmental vivo are still unclear. Here, we illuminate initial steps morphological polarization excitatory cortical situ, by sparsely labeling their neuroepithelial progenitors utero electroporation and then examining progeny brain sections slice cultures. Morphological...

The N ‐linked oligosaccharides, released by hydrazinolysis from the major 55‐kDa family, PZP3, of porcine zona pellucida glycoproteins, were separated into neutral (28%) and acidic (72%) carbohydrate chains anion‐exchange HPLC. By competition assay, it was shown that mixture has sperm‐receptor activity, while no activity. Their structures analyzed after reducing ends modified with 2‐aminopyridine. fractionated several components reverse‐phase normal‐phase sequential glycosidase digestion...

The sperm receptor activity of pig zona pellucida has been previously shown to exist in one the components, protein 3α (PZP3α), that can be purified after removal sialylated and/or sulfated N ‐acetylpoly(lactosamine) by digestion with endo‐β‐galactosidase. In this study, we examined whether N‐linked or O‐linked carbohydrate chains are involved pellucida. elimination from endo‐β‐galactosidase‐digested PZP3α ‐glycanase markedly reduced its inhibitory effect on sperm‐egg binding an vitro...

Abstract Background Robo1, Robo2 and Rig-1 (Robo3), members of the Robo protein family, are candidate receptors for chemorepellents Slit known to play a crucial role in commissural axon guidance spinal cord. However, their roles at other axial levels remain unknown. Here we examine expression proteins by cerebellofugal (CF) axons rostral hindbrain investigate CF pathfinding analysing knockout mice. Results We analysed originating from deep cerebellar neurons rodent embryos, focusing on...

Precise regulation of neuronal migration termination is crucial for the establishment brain cytoarchitectures. However, little known about how neurons terminate migration. Here we focused on interactions between migrating cortical and their substrates, radial glial (RG) cells, analyzed role Plexin A2 A4 (PlxnA2/A4) receptors repulsive ligand, Semaphorin 6A (Sema6A), this process. In both PlxnA2/A4 double-knockout Sema6A mutant mice, outermost plate ectopically invade layer 1 at a stage when...

Abstract The monoclonal antibody (mAb) PC3.1 recognizes a subset of neurons distributed in the infragranular layers lateral neocortex rat. Immunoaffinity chromatography with mAb showed that this specifically binds peptide epitope on 29 kDa protein named latexin. To study molecular details protein, we isolated four independent cDNA clones for latexin from libraries rat cerebral cortex and whole brain using amino acid sequences fragments. Analysis these predicted primary structure consists 223...

Several hundred fertilized pig eggs were prepared by an in vitro fertilization (IVF) technique which follicular phase ovarian matured to metaphase II before incubation with capacitated epididymal spermatozoa for 12 h at 39 degrees C. Parthenogenetic also stimulation of the mature electric pulse. The zonae solubilized 0.2% pronase/phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or lactic acid/PBS. time taken solubilization was 30-40% shorter than unfertilized eggs, indicating that zona hardening induced...

During development, axon branching is influenced by sensory-evoked and spontaneous neural activity. We studied the molecular mechanism that underlies activity-dependent branch formation at horizontally elongating axons (horizontal axons) in upper cortical layers, focusing on Rho family small GTPases. Axonal labeling with enhanced yellow fluorescent protein showed horizontal formed several branches organotypic slice cultures. This was considerably increased introducing constitutively active...

We have developed to observe neural activities in the deep brain of a freely moving mouse with green fluorescent protein (GFP). implanted dedicated complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) imaging device into hippocampus or basal ganglion an anesthetized confirm effectiveness CMOS for detection GFP generated mouse. Moreover, we conducted experiment demonstrate capability detect freely-moving As result vivo experiments two methods expression, successfully detected light intensity...

Human vascular endothelial cells play a pivotal role in atherosclerotic changes but are resistant to apoptotic inducers such as Fas ligand and it has been difficult induce apoptosis. We developed an experimental model for the apoptosis by using snake venom treatment. Snake was found generate intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) cells, which leads judged electron microscopy well DNA cleavage. Buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) diethyldi-thiocarbamate (DDC) accelerated apoptosis, indicating...

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication the EditorNEXTPolymerization of 1,5-Hexadiene by Nonbridged Half-Titanocene Complex−MAO Catalyst System: Remarkable Difference in Selectivity Repeated 1,2-InsertionKotohiro Nomura, Yumiko Hatanaka, Hiroshi Okumura, Michiya Fujiki, and Kiichi HasegawaView Author Information Graduate School Materials Science, Nara Institute Science Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, 630-0101, Japan, Osaka Municipal Technical Research...

Polymerization of 1,5-hexadiene (HD) by Cp*TiCl2(OAr) (1, Ar = 2,6-iPr2C6H3), [Me2Si(C5Me4)(NtBu)]TiCl2 (2), [Me2Si(Ind)2]ZrCl2 (3), and Cp2ZrCl2 (4) was explored in the presence methylaluminoxane (MAO). Both 1 3 exhibited remarkable catalytic activities, resultant poly(HD)s were insoluble possessed a sole glass transition temperature. On basis DSC thermograms, 13C CPMAS spectra, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) results, it turned out that favored repeated 1,2-insertion rather than...

Cortical excitatory neurons migrate from their origin in the ventricular zone (VZ) toward pial surface. During migration, these exhibit a stellate shape intermediate (IZ), transform into bipolar cells, and then initiate radial extending trailing process, which may lead to an axon. Here we examined role of neuropilin 1 (NRP1) developmental events. Both NRP1 mRNA protein were highly expressed IZ, where stellate-shaped cells located. DiI labeling experiments showed that neuronal migration...

We have developed a multimodal complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) sensor device for observing neural activities in the deep brain of mouse. The CMOS includes an image sensor, electrodes, and light-emitting diode (LED). was designed to be operated using only four inputs/outputs (I/Os) reduce number connecting wires. electrodes were placed on pixel array sensor. Windows opened electrode over photodiodes enable fluorescence imaged pixels under electrodes. An LED mounted chip. chip...

Excitatory cortical neurons project to various subcortical and intracortical regions, exhibit diversity in their axonal connections. Although this may develop from primary axons, how many types of axons initially occur remains unknown. Using a sparse-labeling utero electroporation method, we investigated the outgrowth these mice correlated data with projections adults. Examination lateral cortex labeled during main period neurogenesis (E11.5–E15.5) indicated that commonly occurs intermediate...

The combination of optical imaging with voltage-sensitive dyes is a powerful tool for studying the spatiotemporal patterns neural activity and understanding networks brain. To visualize potential status multiple neurons simultaneously using compact instrument high density wide range, we present novel measurement system an implantable biomedical photonic LSI device red absorptive light filter dye (BpLSI-red). BpLSI-red was developed sensing fluorescence by on-chip LSI, which designed...