A5064158948- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Respiratory viral infections research
- HIV Research and Treatment
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Immune responses and vaccinations
- Virology and Viral Diseases
- Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Mathematical and Theoretical Epidemiology and Ecology Models
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- COVID-19 Pandemic Impacts
- Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- Microbial infections and disease research
- Environmental remediation with nanomaterials
- Respiratory Support and Mechanisms
- Global Security and Public Health
- Data-Driven Disease Surveillance
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2023-2025
Columbia University Irving Medical Center
2019-2024
Professional Services Group (United States)
2024
National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases
2023
The Centers
2023
Institute of Technology Carlow
2022
Princeton University
2014-2018
Louisiana State University
1996
University of Guelph
1974
The future trajectory of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic hinges on dynamics adaptive immunity against severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2); however, salient features immune response elicited by natural infection or vaccination are still uncertain. We use simple epidemiological models to explore estimates for magnitude and timing COVID-19 cases, given different assumptions regarding protective efficacy duration SARS-CoV-2, as well its interaction with vaccines...
Given vaccine dose shortages and logistical challenges, various deployment strategies are being proposed to increase population immunity levels severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Two critical issues arise: How timing of delivery the second will affect infection dynamics how it prospects for evolution viral immune escape via a buildup partially individuals. Both hinge on robustness response elicited by single as compared with natural two-dose immunity. Building an...
Stockpiling and control A triumph that has emerged from the catastrophe of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic been rapid development several potent vaccines. However, 18 months into more than 6 after vaccine approval, wealthy countries remain major beneficiaries. Wagner et al . model consequences stockpiling in affluent on disease rates lower- middle-income for eruption new variants could jeopardize early success For can readily access vaccines, it would be better to...
Morbilliviruses cause major mortality in marine mammals, but the dynamics of transmission and persistence are ill understood compared to terrestrial counterparts such as measles; this is especially true for epidemics cetaceans. However, recent outbreak dolphin morbillivirus northwestern Atlantic Ocean can provide new insights into epidemiology spatio-temporal spread pathogen. To deal with uncertainties surrounding ecology system (only stranded animals were observed), we develop a statistical...
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has generated a considerable number of infections and associated morbidity mortality across the world. Recovery from these infections, combined with onset large-scale vaccination, have led to rapidly-changing population-level immunological landscapes. In turn, complexities highlighted important unknowns related breadth strength immunity following recovery or vaccination. Using simple mathematical models, we investigate medium-term impacts waning against severe disease...
Quantifying the kinetics with which memory T cell populations are generated and maintained is essential for identifying determinants of duration immunity. The quality persistence circulating CD4 effector (TEM) central (TCM) cells in mice appear to shift age, but it unclear whether these changes driven by aging host environment, age effects, or both. Here, we address issues combining DNA labelling methods, established fate-mapping systems, a novel reporter mouse strain, mathematical models....
Abstract Isolation of symptomatic infectious persons can reduce influenza transmission. However, virus shedding that occurs without symptoms will be unaffected by such measures. Identifying effective isolation strategies for requires understanding the interplay between individual and symptom presentation. From 2017 to 2020, we conducted a case-ascertained household transmission study using real-time RT-qPCR testing nasal swabs daily diary reporting up 7 days after enrolment (≤14 index...
Seasonal influenza causes an estimated 120 000 to 710 hospitalizations annually in the United States. Treatment with antiviral medications, such as oseltamivir, can reduce risks of hospitalization among people influenza-associated illness. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends initiating treatment soon possible outpatients suspected or confirmed who have severe progressive illness are at higher risk complications. We developed a probabilistic model estimate impact...
Host demography can alter the dynamics of infectious disease. In case perfectly immunizing infections, observations strong sensitivity to demographic variation have been mechanistically explained through analysis susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) model that assumes lifelong immunity following recovery from infection. When imperfect is incorporated into this framework via susceptible-infected-recovered-susceptible (SIRS) model, with individuals regaining full susceptibility recovery, we...
SUMMARY Immune responses to respiratory viruses like SARS-CoV-2 originate and function in the lung, yet assessments of human immunity are often limited blood. Here, we conducted longitudinal, high-dimensional profiling paired airway blood samples from patients with severe COVID-19, revealing immune processes tract linked disease pathogenesis. Survival was associated increased CD4 + T cells decreased monocyte/macrophage frequencies airway, but not Airway macrophages exhibited tissue-resident...
As the threat of Covid-19 continues and in face vaccine dose shortages logistical challenges, various deployment strategies are being proposed to increase population immunity levels. How timing delivery second affects infection burden but also prospects for evolution viral immune escape critical questions. Both hinge on strength duration (i.e. robustness) response elicited by a single dose, compared natural two-dose immunity. Building an existing immuno-epidemiological model, we find that...
Vaccines provide powerful tools to mitigate the enormous public health and economic costs that ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic continues exert globally, yet vaccine distribution remains unequal between countries. To examine potential epidemiological evolutionary impacts of ‘vaccine nationalism’, we extend previous models include simple scenarios stockpiling. In general, find stockpiling vaccines by countries with high availability leads large increases in infections low availability, magnitude...
As the SARS-CoV-2 trajectory continues, longer-term immuno-epidemiology of COVID-19, dynamics Long COVID, and impact escape variants are important outstanding questions. We examine these remaining uncertainties with a simple modelling framework that accounts for multiple (antigenic) exposures via infection or vaccination. If immunity (to COVID) accumulates rapidly valency exposure, we find levels burden COVID markedly reduced in medium term. More pessimistic assumptions on host adaptive...
Measles virus (MV) is a highly contagious member of the Morbillivirus genus that remains major cause childhood mortality worldwide. Although infection induces strong MV-specific immune response clears viral load and confers lifelong immunity, transient immunosuppression can also occur, leaving host vulnerable to colonization from secondary pathogens. This apparent contradiction clearance in face underlies what often referred as 'measles paradox', poorly understood. To explore mechanistic...
Population structure, spatial diffusion, and climatic conditions mediate the spatiotemporal spread of seasonal influenza in temperate regions. However, much our knowledge these dynamics stems from a few well-studied countries, such as United States (US), extent to which this applies different demographic environments is not fully understood. Using novel data Norway, Sweden, Denmark, we applied wavelet analysis non-parametric statistics explore transmission at regional international scales....
Background: High-dose, adjuvanted, and recombinant influenza vaccines may offer improved effectiveness among older adults compared with standard-dose, unadjuvanted, inactivated vaccines. However, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) only recently recommended preferential use of these “higher-dose or adjuvanted” One concern was that individuals might delay decline vaccination if a preferred vaccine is not readily available. Methods: We mathematically model how...
Seasonal influenza causes substantial morbidity and mortality in the United States. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control Prevention (CDC) uses a compartmental framework to estimate annual disease burden prevented by vaccination all types subtypes combined. However, these estimates do not capture underlying shifts caused different circulating virus or subtypes. We demonstrate an extension of current A A(H1N1) A(H3N2), type B viruses. applied this method data from 2016/17 2019/20 seasons that...