A5014104423- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- HIV Research and Treatment
- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare
- HIV/AIDS Impact and Responses
- COVID-19 and healthcare impacts
- HIV-related health complications and treatments
- Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
- COVID-19 Pandemic Impacts
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis
- COVID-19 diagnosis using AI
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- Global Health Workforce Issues
- Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis
- SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- Healthcare Policy and Management
- Orthopedic Infections and Treatments
National Health Laboratory Service
2014-2025
National Institute for Communicable Diseases
2020-2025
University of the Witwatersrand
2013-2023
University of Cape Town
2009-2022
Boston University
2022
Africa University
2022
Stellenbosch University
2022
National Center for Communicable Diseases
2022
Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit
2016
Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital
2009-2015
We provide two methods for monitoring reinfection trends in routine surveillance data to identify signatures of changes risk and apply these approaches from South Africa's severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic date. Although we found no evidence increased associated with circulation the Beta (B.1.351) or Delta (B.1.617.2) variants, did find clear, population-level suggest immune evasion by Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant previously infected individuals Africa....
Summary Introduction Globally, there have been more than 404 million cases of SARS-CoV-2, with 5.8 confirmed deaths, as February 2022. South Africa has experienced four waves SARS-CoV-2 transmission, the second, third, and fourth being driven by Beta, Delta, Omicron variants, respectively. A key question emergence new variants is extent to which they are able reinfect those who had a prior natural infection. Rationale We developed two approaches monitor routine epidemiological surveillance...
ABSTRACT Background The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant of concern (VOC) almost completely replaced other variants in South Africa during November 2021, and was associated with a rapid increase COVID-19 cases. We aimed to assess clinical severity individuals infected Omicron, using S Gene Target Failure (SGTF) on the Thermo Fisher Scientific TaqPath PCR test as proxy. Methods performed data linkages for (i) laboratory tests, (ii) case data, (iii) genome (iv) DATCOV national hospital surveillance...
Abstract Omicron lineages BA.4 and BA.5 drove a fifth wave of COVID-19 cases in South Africa. Here, we use the presence/absence S-gene target as proxy for SARS-CoV-2 variant/lineage infections diagnosed using TaqPath PCR assay between 1 October 2021 26 April 2022. We link national individual-level data including case, laboratory test hospitalisation data. assess severity multivariable logistic regression comparing risk severe disease, once hospitalised, Delta, BA.1, BA.2 BA.4/BA.5...
We aimed to assess the effectiveness of a single dose Ad26.COV2.S vaccine (Johnson & Johnson) in health-care workers South Africa during two waves African COVID-19 epidemic.
Nevirapine-based antiretroviral therapy is the predominant (and often only) regimen available for children in resource-limited settings. Nevirapine resistance after exposure to drug prevention of maternal-to-child human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission common, a problem that has led recommendation ritonavir-boosted lopinavir such Regardless whether there been prior nevirapine, performance nevirapine versus young not rigorously established.
Background: The prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) HIV has been focused mainly on women who are positive at their first antenatal visit, but there is uncertainty regarding the contribution to overall from mothers seroconvert after visit and before weaning. Method: A mathematical model was developed simulate changes in over time, South Africa. allows for infant feeding practices as infants age, temporal provision antiretroviral prophylaxis counseling feeding, well maternal...
With expanding pediatric antiretroviral therapy (ART) access, children will begin to experience treatment failure and require second-line therapy. We evaluated the probability determinants of virologic switching in South Africa.
Economic and behavioural factors lead to poor outcomes in patients with tuberculosis. We investigated the effects of a package interventions consisting pre-test post-test tuberculosis counselling conditional cash transfers on patient adults undergoing investigation for pulmonary This pragmatic, open-label, individual randomised controlled trial was done nine clinics Johannesburg, South Africa. Participants (aged ≥18 years) were randomly assigned (1:1) intervention group or control (standard...
Many HIV-infected children in Southern Africa have been started on antiretroviral therapy (ART), but loss to follow up (LTFU) can be substantial. We analyzed mortality retained care and all starting ART, taking LTFU into account.Children who ART before the age of 16 years 10 programs South Africa, Malawi, Mozambique, Zimbabwe were included. Risk factors for death first year identified Weibull models. A meta-analytic approach was used estimate cumulative at 1 year.Eight thousand two hundred...
Abstract A new SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern, Omicron (B.1.1.529), has been identified based on genomic sequencing and epidemiological data in South Africa. Presumptive cases Africa have grown extremely rapidly, despite high prior exposure moderate vaccination coverage. The available evidence suggests that spread is at least part due to evasion this immune protection, though may also exhibit higher intrinsic transmissibility. Using detailed laboratory from Africa, we estimate the constraints...
Abstract Following the results of ENSEMBLE 2 study, which demonstrated improved vaccine efficacy a two-dose regimen Ad26.COV.2 given months apart, we expanded Sisonke study had provided single dose to almost 500 000 health care workers (HCW) in South Africa include booster Ad26.COV.2. enrolled 227 310 HCW from 8 November 17 December 2021. Enrolment commenced before onset Omicron driven fourth wave affording us an opportunity evaluate early VE preventing hospital admissions homologous boost...
Background. IMPAACT P1066 is a phase I/II open-label multicenter trial to evaluate pharmacokinetics, safety, tolerability, and efficacy of multiple raltegravir formulations in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected youth.
Background We were tasked by the South African Department of Health to assess cost implications largest ART programme in world adopting sets guidelines issued World Organization between 2010 and 2016. Methods Using data from large clinics (n = 24,244 patients), projections patients need ART, bottom-up analyses, we constructed a population-level health-state transition model with 6-monthly transitions health states depending on patients' age, CD4 cell count/ percentage, and, for adult...
Alcohol misuse is a key factor underlying the remarkable vulnerability to HIV infection among men and women in sub-Saharan Africa, especially within urban settings. Its effects, however, vary by type of drinking, population group are modified socio-cultural co-factors. We interviewed random sample 1465 living single-sex hostels 1008 adjacent informal settlements inner-city, Johannesburg, South Africa. Being drunk past week was used as an indicator heavy episodic frequency drinking number...
Abstract Background Dexamethasone and remdesivir have the potential to reduce coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID)–related mortality or recovery time, but their cost-effectiveness in countries with limited intensive care resources is unknown. Methods We projected unit (ICU) needs capacity from August 2020 January 2021 using South African National COVID-19 Epi Model. assessed of (1) administration dexamethasone ventilated patients nonventilated patients, (2) alone both (3) only, (4) all relative...