A5068683950- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Healthcare Systems and Reforms
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- HIV/AIDS Impact and Responses
- Global Public Health Policies and Epidemiology
- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- Biomedical and Engineering Education
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Mycobacterium research and diagnosis
- Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
- Immune responses and vaccinations
- Global Health Care Issues
- Parasites and Host Interactions
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Mobile Health and mHealth Applications
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- Chronic Disease Management Strategies
- COVID-19 Impact on Reproduction
- Delphi Technique in Research
- Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies
- Health Literacy and Information Accessibility
- Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis
Ifakara Health Institute
2015-2025
National Institute for Medical Research
2023
Impact
2021
Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology
2021
Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute
2015-2019
University of Basel
2015-2019
Background Helminth infections can negatively affect the immunologic host control, which may increase risk of progression from latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection to (TB) disease and alter clinical presentation TB. We assessed prevalence determined relevance helminth co-infection among TB patients household contact controls in urban Tanzania. Methodology Between November 2013 October 2015, we enrolled adult (≥18 years) sputum smear-positive without during an ongoing cohort study Dar...
Tanzania is among the 30 countries with highest tuberculosis (TB) burdens. Because TB has a long infectious period, early diagnosis not only important for reducing transmission, but also improving treatment outcomes. We assessed diagnostic delay and associated factors patients. interviewed new smear-positive adult pulmonary patients enrolled in an ongoing cohort study Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, between November 2013 June 2015. were to collect information on socio-demographics, socio-economic...
Vaccines have played a critical role in the response to COVID-19 pandemic globally, and Tanzania has made significant efforts make them available public addition sensitizing on its benefit. However, vaccine hesitancy remains concern. It may prevent optimal uptake of this promising tool many communities. This study aims explore opinions perceptions better understand local attitudes towards both rural urban Tanzania. The employed cross-sectional semi-structured interviews with 42 participants....
Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), especially hypertension and diabetes, are rapidly rising in sub-Saharan Africa, necessitating health systems transformations. In Tanzania, current policies aim to improve control of but information is still needed assess the gaps treatment.We conducted a cross-sectional household survey 784 adults two districts Tanzania from December 2020 January 2021, capturing cascade-of-care for diabetes. The ages respondents ranged 18 89 years. Of those screened positive...
Effective and sustainable strategies are needed to address the burden of preventable deaths among children under-five in resource-constrained settings. The Tools for Integrated Management Childhood Illness (TIMCI) project aims support healthcare providers identify manage severe illness, whilst promoting resource stewardship, by introducing pulse oximetry clinical decision algorithms (CDSAs) primary care facilities India, Kenya, Senegal Tanzania. Health impact is assessed through: a pragmatic...
Abstract Background The World Health Organization–approved Xpert MTB/XDR test detects Mycobacterium tuberculosis and resistance to isoniazid, fluoroquinolones, ethionamide, injectable drugs directly in specimens. This pragmatic, laboratory-based study assessed the diagnostic accuracy feasibility of a reflex testing approach, where was performed on residual specimens previously processed for MTB/RIF Ultra. Methods Routine respiratory specimens, Ultra, were stored sample reagent buffer at...
Delay in healthcare seeking and loss to diagnostic follow-up (LDFU) contribute substantial increase tuberculosis (TB) morbidity mortality. We examined factors, including perceived causes prior help seeking, contributing delay LDFU during referral a TB clinic among patients with presumptive initially at the pharmacies Dar es Salaam Tanzania. In clinic, semi-structured interview based on explanatory model catalogue (EMIC) framework for cultural epidemiology was administered enrolled an...
The development of effective and inclusive health financing reforms is crucial for the progressive realisation universal coverage in low-income middle-income countries. Tanzania has been reforming policies to expand insurance achieve better access quality healthcare all. Recent have included improved community funds (iCHFs), others are underway implement a mandatory national scheme order services improve financial risk protection. Governance structural determinant successful implementation...
Background: Timely and appropriate diagnosis treatment are key to end tuberculosis (TB). Incorporating user preferences when implementing decentralized strategies for may facilitate scale-up impact. This qualitative study embedded within a cluster randomized controlled trial explored the values of multiple stakeholders regarding TB diagnostic strategy using Truenat platform, MTB Plus RIF Dx Assays in Mozambique Tanzania. Methods: We conducted semi-structured interviews with people...
During COVID-19, people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) experienced increased vulnerability, including severe COVID-19 complications, disruptions in management, and social isolation. These aspects were heightened many sub-Saharan African countries, such as Kenya Tanzania, where healthcare systems already face critical challenges coping increasing non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Little is known about how T2D these countries managed their or the different approaches to control (Kenya imposed...
Abstract Objective A software tool is developed to facilitate data entry and monitor research projects in under-resourced countries real-time. Methods The e Management “odk_planner” written the scripting languages PHP Python. odk_planner lightweight uses minimal internet resources. It was designed be used with open source Open Data Kit (ODK). users can easily configure meet their needs, online interface displays collected from ODK forms a graphically informative way. also allows upload...
Differences in rural and urban settings could account for distinct characteristics the epidemiology of tuberculosis (TB). We comparatively studied epidemiological features TB helminth co-infections adult patients from Tanzania.Adult (≥ 18 years) with microbiologically confirmed pulmonary were consecutively enrolled into two cohorts Dar es Salaam, ~ 4.4 million inhabitants (urban), Ifakara sparsely populated Kilombero District 400 000 (rural). Clinical data obtained at recruitment. Stool...
Objective We examined the effect of an instructional video about production diagnostic sputum on case detection tuberculosis (TB), and evaluated acceptance video. Trial Design Randomized controlled trial. Methods prepared a culturally adapted for submission. analyzed 200 presumptive TB cases coughing more than two weeks who attended outpatient department governmental Municipal Hospital in Mwananyamala (Dar es Salaam, Tanzania). They were randomly assigned to either receive instructions...
Tuberculosis (TB) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality among people living with HIV (PLHIV). Current WHO-recommended strategies for diagnosing TB hospitalized PLHIV rely on symptom screening disease severity to assess eligibility urine lipoarabinomannan lateral flow (LF-LAM) molecular testing. Despite these recommendations, autopsy studies show a large burden undiagnosed admitted PLHIV. The EXULTANT trial aims the impact expanded strategy using three specimens (sputum, stool,...
Decentralization of Directly Observed Treatment (DOT) for tuberculosis (TB) to the community (home-based DOT) has improved coverage TB treatment and reduced burden health care facilities (facility-based DOT). We aimed compare outcomes in home-based facility-based DOT under programmatic conditions an urban setting with a high burden.A retrospective analysis cohort adult patients (≥15 years) routinely notified between 2010 2013 two representative sub-districts Temeke district, Dar es Salaam,...
Objectives Countries in sub-Saharan Africa are seeking to improve access healthcare through health insurance. However, patients still bear non-medical costs and opportunity terms of lost work days. The burden these is particularly high for people with chronic diseases (CDs) who require regular healthcare. This study quantified the faced by CD Tanzania identified factors that drive costs. Methods From November 2020 January 2021, we conducted a cross-sectional patient survey at 35 facilities...
Immunization has saved millions of lives globally from vaccine-preventable diseases. Childhood immunization is an effective public health strategy for decreasing morbidity and mortality among children in developing countries. Tanzania one the highest rates coverage routine child sub-Saharan African However, obstacles to universal still exist, particularly rural areas country. Assessing essential inform vaccine policies program implementation. This study aimed assess status factors associated...
The COVID-19 pandemic affected healthcare delivery globally, impacting care access and of essential services.
Objective To assess pathways and associated costs of seeking care from the onset symptoms to diagnosis in patients with confirmed presumptive tuberculosis (TB). Design Cross-sectional study. Setting District hospital Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Participants Bacteriologically TB patients. Primary secondary outcome measures We calculated distance metres visualised healthcare up five visits for current episode sickness. Costs were described by medians IQRs, comparisons gender poverty status....
Introduction: social determinants of health (SDH) are the non-medical factors that contribute to various infectious and non-infectious diseases in Tanzania. Studies suggest SDH account for 30-55% outcomes globally. Most outside mandate sector; hence, multi-sectoral collaboration through Health All Policies (HiAP) is critical. looks at public policies across sectors consider implications decisions, seek synergies, use resources avoid harmful impacts improve population equity. This paper...
Although studies on COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy are being undertaken widely worldwide, there is limited evidence in Tanzania. This study aims to assess the sociodemographic factors associated with and reasons given by unvaccinated participants. We conducted a mixed-method cross-sectional two components-health facilities communities-between March September 2022. A structured questionnaire in-depth interviews were used collect quantitative qualitative data, respectively. total of 1,508...
<ns3:p>Background Health insurance is a crucial pathway towards the achievement of universal health coverage. In Tanzania, health-financing reforms are underway to speed up coverage in informal sector. Despite improved Community Fund (iCHF) rollout, iCHF enrolment remains challenge This study aimed explore perspectives local women food vendors (LWFV) and <ns3:italic>Bodaboda</ns3:italic> (motorcycle taxi) drivers on factors that facilitate their iCHF. Methods A qualitative was conducted...