A5006578196- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Bacterial Infections and Vaccines
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Emergency and Acute Care Studies
- Neonatal and Maternal Infections
- Streptococcal Infections and Treatments
- Child and Adolescent Health
- Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus
- Antibiotics Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy
- Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Bacterial Identification and Susceptibility Testing
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Nosocomial Infections in ICU
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- COVID-19 and healthcare impacts
- Vasculitis and related conditions
- Renal Diseases and Glomerulopathies
- Neutropenia and Cancer Infections
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Orthopedic Infections and Treatments
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
- Hepatitis Viruses Studies and Epidemiology
- Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders
University of Iceland
2004-2025
National University Hospital of Iceland
2002-2025
Reykjavík University
2023
Barnaspítali
2017-2022
School for Ethical Education
2021
University of Bristol
2014-2018
NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre
2016
At Bristol
2015
Research Network (United States)
2014
Utrecht University
2010
Since the introduction of non-pharmacological interventions to control COVID-19, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) activity in Europe has been limited. Surveillance data for 17 countries showed delayed RSV epidemics France (≥ 12 w) and Iceland 4 during 2020/21 season. cases (predominantly small children) were older compared with previous seasons. We hypothesise that future epidemic(s) could start outside usual autumn/winter season be larger than expected. Year-round surveillance is critical...
BackgroundNeonatal early-onset disease caused by group B
Background During the initial phase of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, reduced numbers acutely ill or injured children presented to emergency departments (EDs). Concerns were raised about potential for delayed and more severe presentations an increase in diagnoses such as diabetic ketoacidosis mental health issues. This multinational observational study aimed number presenting EDs across Europe during early COVID-19 pandemic factors influencing this investigate changes severity...
Rationale: Viral infections of the upper respiratory tract may influence commensal nasopharyngeal bacteria. Changes in bacterial niche could affect transmission dynamics. Attenuated vaccine viruses can be used to investigate this empirically humans.Objectives: To study effects mild viral on colonization using live attenuated influenza (LAIV) as a surrogate.Methods: We trivalent LAIV evaluate infection carriage and density Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Haemophilus...
Background: This longitudinal study describes the associations between respiratory viral infections, rhinitis and prevalence density of common nasopharyngeal bacterial colonizers, Streptococcus pneumoniae (Sp), Moraxella catarrhalis (Mc), Haemophilus influenzae (Hi) Staphylococcus aureus . Methods: In an observational cohort study, 161 children attending day care centers in Bristol, United Kingdom, were recruited. Monthly swabs taken stored frozen Skim-milk, tryptone, glucose glycerin broth...
Background: An unprecedented increase in pediatric invasive group A streptococcal (iGAS) infections was observed most countries, including Iceland, early 2023. The reasons for this rise are largely unknown. aim of the study to describe parallel between nasopharyngeal (NP) carriage (GAS) Icelandic children and incidence disease. Methods: Electronic health records were used identify admitted Children’s Hospital, with iGAS. NP samples from asymptomatic collected culture February March 2023 15...
Bacterial vaccines can reduce carriage rates. Colonization is usually a binary endpoint. Real time quantitative PCR (qPCR) quantify bacterial DNA in mucosal samples over wide range. Using culture and single-gene species-specific qPCRs for Streptococcus pneumoniae (lytA), pyogenes (ntpC), Moraxella catarrhalis (ompJ), Haemophilus influenzae (hdp) Staphylococcus aureus (nuc) standard curves against log-phase reference strain broth cultures we described frequency peak density distributions of...
Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP) is a vasculitis of unknown aetiology, possibly involving immune complexes. The complement system essential for the clearance Our aim was to explore hypothesis that patients with HSP have abnormal complements, contributing development disease. study included 56 diagnosed at Children's Hospital, Iceland between 1984 and 2000, 98 blood donors as controls. Serum levels immunoglobulin A, C4A, C4B mannan-binding lectin were measured compared two groups. C4 null...
Objectives Nationwide study on the epidemiology, clinical characteristics and outcomes among patients with native joint infection (NJI) in Iceland, 2003–2017. Methods All positive synovial fluid culture results Iceland were identified medical records reviewed. Results A total of 299 NJI (40 children 259 adults) diagnosed 2003–2017, a stable incidence 6.3 cases/100 000/year, but marked gender difference adults (33% women vs 67% men, p<0.001). The knee was most commonly affected,...
Mevalonate kinase deficiency (MKD) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder causing 1 of 2 phenotypes, hyperimmunoglobulin D syndrome and mevalonic aciduria, presenting with recurrent fever episodes, often starting in infancy, sometimes evoked by stress or vaccinations. This autoinflammatory disease caused mutations encoding the mevalonate (MVK) gene classified group periodic syndromes. There considerable delay diagnosis among pediatric patients episodes fever. We present case an 8-week-old...
Background: Improved understanding of Neisseria meningitidis (Nm) carriage biology and better methods for detection quantification would facilitate studies potential impact new vaccines on colonization transmission in adolescents. Methods: We performed plate cultures 107 oropharyngeal swabs stored frozen skim milk tryptone glucose glycerol (STGG) broth previously positive Nm. compared quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) Nm 601 STGG-swabs with culture. Using qPCR (n = 87), a...
Prevalence of pneumococcal serotypes in carriage and disease has been described but absolute serotype colonisation densities have not reported. 515 paediatric nasal swab DNA extracts were subjected to lytA qPCR molecular serotyping by microarray. Absolute derived from total density (qPCR cycle threshold standard curve) relative abundance (microarray) varied widely. Compared all observed, the strongest evidence differences was seen for 21 35B (higher) 3, 38 non-typeables (lower) (p<0.05) with...
Introduction: Children are less likely to acquire SARS-CoV-2 infections than adults and when infected, usually have milder disease. True infection complication rates are, however, difficult ascertain. In Iceland, a strict test, trace isolate policy was maintained from the start of pandemic offers more accurate information number truly infected children in nationwide study. Material methods: All with positive PCR for February 28, 2020 August 31, 2021 were followed up through telephone...
A 10-year-old boy with high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation developed pulmonary aspergillosis while receiving prophylactic voriconazole. transpleural aspirate culture revealed a pan-azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus. Treatment liposomal amphotericin B resulted in complete recovery. As the frequency of azole resistance A. fumigatus increases, invasive procedures to isolate fungi for species identification and susceptibility testing becomes...
Influenza is an important cause of morbidity and mortality, especially in combination with secondary bacterial infections.1–3 Annual influenza vaccination recommended for everyone at risk by the WHO.4 In recent years, a number countries have all children older than 6 months although uptake has been variable. The effectiveness inactivated vaccines questioned.5 Numerous studies published on subject but outcome measures used vary some using influenza-like-illness while others use culture or...
BackgroundNeisseria meningitidis is a commensal bacterium which can cause invasive disease. Colonisation studies are important to guide vaccination strategies.AimThe study's aim was determine the prevalence of meningococcal colonisation, duration carriage and distribution genogroups in Iceland.MethodsWe collected samples from 1 6-year-old children, 15-16-year-old adolescents 18-20-year-old young adults. Carriers were sampled at regular intervals until first negative swab. Conventional...
Introduction: Preventing the spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and understanding pathophysiology transmission is essential. This study describes an MRSA outbreak in a neonatal intensive care unit Reykjavik, Iceland at time where no screening procedures were active.Materials methods: After isolating 2015, neonates, staff members parents positive patients screened environmental samples collected. The period was from 14 April 2015 until 31 August 2015. Antimicrobial...
AbstractDietary fish oil is believed to have a beneficial effect in various infections and autoimmune disorders. This may correspond an altered immune response. In order discover whether the of dietary different infections, we studied survival mice fed or corn supplemented diets infected lungs with either Klebsiella pneumoniae Streptococcus pneumoniae. 120 NMRI were divided into 4 groups, which 2 groups diet diet. After 6 weeks (fish groups) serotype 3 (both groups). The rate was monitored....
Abstract Aim: To investigate the aetiology of bacteraemia in children Iceland, antibiotic resistance and possible preventive measures. Methods: All positive bacterial blood cultures from 0–18 years old isolated at Landspítali University Hospital Iceland 1994 to 2005 were included study. Epidemiological microbiological data registered. The categorized according likelihood infection or contamination. Results: During study period 1253 obtained 974 children; 647 boys 606 girls. Positive most...
Early diagnosis of osteoarticular infections (OAI) in children and effective treatment prevents complications. The objective this study was to evaluate effectiveness safety shortened intravenous antibiotic OAI. Incidence, diagnostics pathogens paediatric OAI were assessed.This retrospective included all admissions Children's Hospital Iceland 2006-2020. evaluated by dividing the cohort into two groups. simplified group received antibiotics for less than 7 days. longer a minimum days.In total,...
Purpose: Pediatric severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections are usually mild and the mortality rates low, but concerns have been raised about long-term symptoms that may resemble other postinfectious syndromes. Studies with robust control groups high response few. Methods: We obtained identifiers for all 837 Icelandic children diagnosed SARS-CoV-2 by PCR between March 2020 June 2021 contacted them telephone. asked 10 physical mental being present at least twice...