Применение биопсии «сторожевого» лимфатического узла (БСЛУ) при раке молочной железы (РМЖ) представляет собой минимально травматичную манипуляцию, которая является золотым стандартом диагностики регионарного лимфоколлектора и альтернативой аксиллярной лимфодиссекции, что позволяет избежать, в первую очередь, таких осложнений как контрактура плечевого сустава, лимфедема руки. Данный обзор литературы направлен на анализ результатов БСЛУ у пациентов с первоначально cN+ статусом РМЖ, которых...

Disease stage and especially condition of the sentinel lymph node (SLN) assessed in patients with breast cancer prior to treatment are among most important prognostic factors. SLN is first regional system receiving outflow from primary tumor. biopsy blue dye gradually replaced traditional axillary dissection as standard early cancer. In recent years, technique contrast-enhanced sonography microbubble contrast agents for examination has been studied both animal human trials. Aim review...

Despite advances in the early diagnosis of breast cancer (BC), identification locally advanced forms continues to be relevant. This is a complex category patients whose treatment includes use various methods with significant medical and economic costs, long-term rehabilitation. A particular difficulty cases progression forms. Patients BC require multidisciplinary approach. In absence an effect after neoadjuvant drug impossibility performing surgical intervention, are treated induction...

Deficiency of the mismatch repair system is a unique molecular disorder that occurs in most types tumors and leads to development microsatellite instability (MSI) them. The hypermutated phenotype related high immunogenicity are typically associated with more favorable prognosis as well sensitivity immunotherapy inhibitors immune checkpoint inhibitors. This review presents current views on diagnosis, prognostic predictive significance MSI various tumors, their response immunotherapy.

The surgical stage remains the main one in combined and complex treatment of breast cancer, radical mastectomy is still option for vast majority Russians hospitals. absence both a physical psychological trauma woman leads to profound deformation personality, significantly worsening quality life. Thus, reconstructive plastic surgery became an integral part modern clinical oncology. Radiation therapy can lead development complications after reconstruction, vice versa, reconstructed mammary...

Last many years breast cancer on a leading position in the structure of oncological pathology among female population. Patients with metastatic cancer, as well presence tumors incipient decay or bleeding, are currently considered patients for complex palliative systemic treatment. The question expediency performing an operation such occurs quite often daily practice oncologist-surgeon. Of course, life-threatening conditions decaying tumors, bleeding from them, do not raise doubts about...

Background: Breast cancer surgery related complications are a complex condition influenced by interactions among nerve pathways and the physiological responses to breast surgery. The intensity of this displays substantial heterogeneity, dependent on individual patient characteristics, extent surgical procedure performed, various contributing factors. Methods: A comprehensive search electronic databases was conducted identify relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating...

The article briefly describes the mechanism of action immunotherapeutic drugs that suppress activity “checkpoints” immune response CTLA-4 and PD-1. Modern methods clinical efficacy advantages applying nivolumab, pembrolizumab atezolizumab in colorectal cancer. existing evidence base potential predictive prognostic role MSI status is summarized presented information on prospects for further development this therapeutical treatment malignant tumors.

Genetic factors, immune dysfunction, chronic inflammation, and dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiome (IM) are believed to participate in pathogenesis colorectal cancer (CRC). The positive role IM regulation treatment inflammatory bowel disorders is determined by a reduction growth pathogenic bacteria an increase production anti-inflammatory factors. Currently, available data suggests that dysregulates response against tumor its microenvironment, thus either slowing down or accelerating...

Cervical cancer is the fourth most common in women worldwide and responsible for over 300 thousand deaths worldwide. The causative agent of cervical persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus subtypes, viral oncoproteins E 5, 6, 7 interact factors to induce maintain a malignant phenotype. This review describes mechanisms behind onset development discusses detail promising effective new treatment options cancer, including immunotherapy, targeted therapy combination therapy.

Background. Despite the progress in pelvic exenteration (PE) technique international oncological practice, it is still debatable for cancer surgeons. The main reasons its unpopularity are technical complexity, high rate of intra- and postoperative complications (60%), mortality (30%), challenging rehabilitation patients.
 Aim. To evaluate long-term outcomes after patients with locally advanced recurrent cervical cancer.
 Materials methods. From September 2021 to December 2022, 23...

We have presented a very interesting theoretical, practical and methodological clinical observation of rare disease, extremely difficult for morphological diagnosis. A 35-year-old patient with gastric bleeding underwent emergency surgical treatment myofibroblastic tumor the stomach, morphologically to differentiate from gastrointestinal stromal tumors.

Background. The surgical stage remains the main one in combined and complex treatment of breast cancer. Radical mastectomy reconstructive plastic surgery are option for vast majority patients. Radiation therapy can lead to development complications after reconstruction, vice versa, reconstructed mammary gland cause technical difficulties radiologist properly adjust required dose irradiation. Aim — choose optimal method reconstruction using various implants, as well endoprostheses minimize...

Extragastrointestinal stromal tumors (EGIST) are rare lesions in the mesenchymal neoplasm, accounting for less than 1% of primary neoplasias digestive tract. In only 10% cases EGIST may affect any segment gastrointestinal tract and can occur other locations (omentum, mesentery, or retroperitoneum, GIST arising from pancreas). The incidence is approximately 14.5 patients per 1 million persons [1–3]. To date, more 190 have been published. We reported a case huge mesenteric...

Neuroendocrine prostate cancer is a rare and aggressive with poor prognosis. This type of often diagnosed at an advanced stage exhibits rapid resistance to standard therapeutic methods. Taking into account the low occurrence this phenomenon, description poorly differentiated neuroendocrine (small cell) extremely forms given.

Breast augmentation with the use of silicone breast implants is a routine practice for surgeons. implant capsule‑associated squamous cell carcinoma rare and aggressive malignant tumor accounting less than 0,1 % invasive cancer. Currently there no single concept complex therapy such tumors due to low incidence rate. The article describes case 49‑year‑old female patient after surgical treatment left‑sided diagnosed in 2019. After disease progression underwent removal chest wall resection ribs...

The objective of the study was to assess feasibility using CA -62 marker epithelial carcinomas for monitoring treatment response and detecting cancer progression or recurrence during chemotherapy. Material Methods . A 12-month double-blind clinical trial conducted by two independent groups: oncologists biochemists, involved 89 patients with different cancers confirmed histopathological findings. other inclusion criteria were: presence at least one measurable lesion according RECIST criteria,...

Objective: to study the state of cellular immunity in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma. Materials and methods. From 2017 2018, 45 previously untreated adenocarcinoma (25 stage I–III, 20 IV) received surgical / combined treatment or independent chemotherapy, respectively, at N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center Oncology. Peripheral blood sampling was carried out before starting treatment. We studied composition peripheral blood, as well systemic parameters determined by flow...

Lynch syndrome (LS) resulting from the abnormal repair of unpaired DNA bases is characterized by an increased risk colorectal, endometrial, and urinary tract cancers. Regardless tumor type, immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has been approved for treatment patients unresectable or metastatic mismatch repair‑ deficient (dMMR) tumors, which may present a option LS. The article contains case report female patient germline MLH1 mutation multiple primary colonic malignancies...

To study the state of systemic immunity and local before during chemotherapy in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma. From 2017 to 2018 at Tashkent city branch Republican specialized scientific practical medical center oncology radiology 20 primary metastatic adenocarcinoma received chemotherapy. The sampling biological material (peripheral blood, tumor tissue) was carried out twice (before treatment first control examination, after 3 courses). percentage degree infiltration tissue by...

Objective.To study the state of cellular immunity and local in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma. Materials methods.From 2017 to 2018 45 primary adenocarcinoma (25 — stages I–III, 20 stage IV) received surgical / combined treatment or chemotherapy at Blokhin Scientific Research Center Oncology, respectively. Peripheral blood tumor tissue were collected before starting treatment. The percentage degree infiltration by lymphocytes (CD45 + CD14‑TILs) was assessed flow cytometry: T‑cells (CD3...

By arming gynecologic oncology with current chemotherapy regimens and aggressive cancer surgery elements, we can have larger numbers of cured patients locally advanced the cervix uteri, by improving early late results treatment.

Introduction. Arming gynecological oncology with modern chemotherapy schemes, elements of aggressive oncosurgery, it is possible to achieve an increase in the number cured patients locally advanced forms cervical cancer (CC), providing improvement immediate and long-term results treatment. The proposed method surgical treatment choice for (stages IIA–IIIB). Purpose study. Introduction into clinical practice IIA–IIIB stages cancer. Material methods. Long-term 155 morphologically verified...