Background Microorganisms in the human intestine (i.e. gut microbiome) have an increasingly recognized impact on health, including brain functioning. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental associated with abnormalities dopamine neurotransmission and deficits reward processing its underlying neuro-circuitry ventral striatum. The microbiome might contribute to ADHD etiology via gut-brain axis. In this pilot study, we investigated potential differences between...

Perturbation of commensal intestinal microbiota has been associated with several autoimmune diseases. Mice deficient in interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (Il1rn -/- mice) spontaneously develop arthritis and are susceptible to other diseases such as psoriasis, diabetes, encephalomyelitis; however, the mechanisms increased susceptibility these phenotypes poorly understood. We investigated role (IL-1Ra) regulation microbiota, assessed involvement subsets innate adaptive mucosal immune responses...

Skin colonization by Staphylococcus aureus and its relative abundance is associated with atopic dermatitis (AD) disease severity treatment response. Low levels of antimicrobial peptides in AD skin may be related to the microbial dysbiosis. Therapeutic targeting microbiome peptide expression can, therefore, restore homeostasis combat AD. In this study, we analyzed cutaneous composition 7 patients 10 healthy volunteers upon topical coal tar or vehicle treatment. We implemented validated a...

While almost all infants are infected with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) before the age of 2 years, only a small percentage develops severe disease. Previous studies suggest that nasopharyngeal microbiome affects disease development. We therefore studied effect on viral load and mucosal cytokine responses, two important factors influencing pathophysiology RSV To determine relation between (i) upper tract, (ii) load, (iii) host inflammation during an infection, microbiota profiles (< 6...

Canine atopic dermatitis is a genetically predisposed inflammatory and pruritic allergic skin disease that often complicated by (secondary) bacterial fungal (yeast) infections. High-throughput DNA sequencing was used to characterize the composition of microbiome (bacteria fungi) inhabiting specific sites in healthy dogs with (AD) before after topical antimicrobial treatment. Skin samples were collected from six control three spontaneously affected AD swabbing at (non-) predilection before,...

Maternal gestational obesity is a risk factor for offspring's neurodevelopment and later neuro-cognitive disorders. Altered gut microbiota composition has been found in patients with neurocognitive disorders, relation to maternal metabolic health. We explored the associations between cognitive development during infancy, their link obesity. In groups of children from Pisa birth Cohort (PISAC), we analysed faecal by 16S rRNA marker gene sequencing first-pass meconium samples collected at age...

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are used by millions of patients for the treatment stomach acid-reflux diseases. Although PPIs generally considered safe, about 13% users develop hypomagnesemia. Despite rising attention this issue, underlying mechanism is still unknown. Here, we examine whether gut microbiome involved in development PPI-induced hypomagnesemia wild-type C57BL/6J mice. After 4 wk under normal or low dietary Mg2+ availability, omeprazole significantly reduced serum levels only...

Hand eczema is a common inflammatory skin condition of the hands whose pathogenesis largely unknown. More insight and knowledge disease on more fundamental level might lead to better understanding biological processes involved, which could provide possible new treatment strategies. We aimed profile transcriptome lesional palmar epidermal patients suffering from vesicular hand using RNA-sequencing. RNA-sequencing was performed identify differentially expressed genes in vs. non-lesional group...

In atopic dermatitis (AD), chronic skin inflammation is associated with barrier defects and microbiome dysbiosis including a lower abundance of Gram-positive anaerobic cocci (GPACs). We here report that, through secreted soluble factors, GPAC rapidly directly induced epidermal host-defense molecules in cultured human keratinocytes indirectly via immune-cell activation cytokines derived thereof. Host-derived antimicrobial peptides known to limit the growth Staphylococcus aureus-a pathogen...

The diversity and dynamics of the skin microbiome in health disease have been studied recently, but adequate model systems to study microbiotas vitro are largely lacking. We developed an system that mimics human stratum corneum, using callus as substrate nutrient source for bacterial growth. growth several commensal pathogenic strains was measured up one week by counting colony-forming units or quantitative PCR with strain-specific primers. Human pathogens were found survive amidst a minimal...

Abstract Background The cervicovaginal microbiome (CVM) plays a significant role in women’s cervical health and disease. Microbial alterations at the species level characteristic community state types (CST) have been associated with acquisition persistence of high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) infections that may result progression lesions to malignancy. Current sequencing methods, especially most commonly used multiplex 16S rRNA gene sequencing, struggle fully clarify these changes...

Late cornified envelope (LCE) proteins are small cationic epidermal with antimicrobial properties, and the combined deletion of LCE3B LCE3C genes is a risk factor for psoriasis that affects skin microbiome composition. In yeast two-hybrid screen, we identified CYSRT1 as an interacting partner members all LCE groups except LCE6. These interactions were confirmed in mammalian cell system by coimmunoprecipitation. protein unknown function specifically expressed cutaneous oral epithelia...

Abstract Early life stress (ELS) is associated with metabolic, cognitive, and psychiatric diseases has a very high prevalence, highlighting the urgent need for better understanding of versatile physiological changes identification predictive biomarkers. In addition to programming hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, ELS may also affect gut microbiota metabolome, opening up promising research direction identifying early biomarkers ELS‐induced (mal)adaptation. Other factors affecting...

Background COVID-19 disease is characterized by a spectrum of phases (mild, moderate, and severe). Each phase marked changes in omics profiles with corresponding the expression features (biosignatures). However, integrative analysis multiple data from different experiments across studies to investigate biosignatures at various limited. Exploring an multi-omics profile through network approach could be used determine associated specific enable examination relationships between biosignatures....

Nowadays, prokaryotic genomes are sequenced faster than the capacity to manually curate gene annotations. Automated genome annotation engines provide users a straight-forward and complete solution for predicting ORF coordinates function. For many labs, use of AGEs is therefore essential decrease time necessary annotating given genome. However, it not uncommon different sometimes conflicting predictions. Combining multiple might allow more accurate Here we analyzed ab initio open reading...

Abstract We present TaxPhlAn, a new method and bioinformatics pipeline for design analysis of single-locus sequence typing (SLST) markers to type profile bacteria beyond the species-level in complex microbial community background. TaxPhlAn can be applied any group phylogenetically-related bacteria, provided reference genomes are available. As requires SLST targets identified fit phylogenetic pattern as determined through comprehensive evolutionary reconstruction input genomes, allows...

The intestinal microbiome is perturbed in patients with new-onset and chronic autoimmune inflammatory arthritis. Recent studies mouse models suggest that development progression of arthritis highly affected by the microbiome. This makes modulation microbiota an interesting novel approach to suppress Prebiotics, defined as non-digestible carbohydrates selectively stimulate growth activity beneficial microorganisms, provide a relatively non-invasive modulate microbiota. aim this study was...

Late cornified envelope proteins are predominantly expressed in the skin and other epithelia. On basis of sequence similarity, this 18-member homologous gene family has been subdivided into six groups. The LCE3 have focus dermatological research because combined deletion LCE3B LCE3C genes (LCE3B/C-del) is a risk factor for psoriasis. We previously reported that LCE3B/C-del increases expression LCE3A exert antibacterial activity. In study, we analyzed antimicrobial properties members role...

Background The development and rollout of vaccines the use various drugs have contributed to controlling coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic. Nevertheless, challenges such as inequitable distribution vaccines, influence emerging viral lineages immunoevasive variants on vaccine efficacy, inadequate immune defense in subgroups population continue motivate new combat disease. Aim In this study, we sought identify, prioritize, characterize drug repurposing candidates appropriate for...

Abstract Motivation We are witnessing an enormous growth in the amount of molecular profiling (-omics) data. The integration multi-omics data is challenging. Moreover, human may be privacy-sensitive and can misused to de-anonymize (re-)identify individuals. Hence, most biomedical kept secure protected silos. Therefore, it remains a challenge re-use these without infringing privacy individuals from which were derived. Federated analysis Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable (FAIR)...