A5060019666- Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus
- Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- Bacterial biofilms and quorum sensing
- Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
- Vibrio bacteria research studies
- Escherichia coli research studies
- Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Cancer Genomics and Diagnostics
- Lipid Membrane Structure and Behavior
- Immune Response and Inflammation
- CAR-T cell therapy research
- Microbial infections and disease research
- Bacteriophages and microbial interactions
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Bacterial Identification and Susceptibility Testing
- Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
- Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
- Sphingolipid Metabolism and Signaling
- Nail Diseases and Treatments
- Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques
- Air Quality and Health Impacts
- BRCA gene mutations in cancer
University of Cambridge
2010-2022
Cardiff and Vale University Health Board
2020-2022
Bellingham Technical College
2015
Highlights•Anti-CTLA-4 of hIgG1 and hIgG2 isotypes promote depletion intra-tumoral Treg cells•hIgG2 antibodies mediate in vivo cells via CD32a•Anti-CTLA-4 with enhanced Fc effector function improves therapeutic outcomes•The CD16-V158F SNP is associated response to ipilimumab inflamed tumorsSummaryWith the use a mouse model expressing human Fc-gamma receptors (FcγRs), we demonstrated that equivalent tremelimumab regulatory T (Treg) cell vivo, increasing CD8+ ratio promoting tumor rejection....
Abstract The discovery of antibiotics more than 80 years ago has led to considerable improvements in human and animal health. Although antibiotic resistance environmental bacteria is ancient, pathogens thought be a modern phenomenon that driven by the clinical use 1 . Here we show particular lineages methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus —a notorious pathogen—appeared European hedgehogs pre-antibiotic era. Subsequently, these spread within local hedgehog populations between secondary...
Abstract Murine tissues harbor signature γδ T cell compartments with profound yet differential impacts on carcinogenesis. Conversely, human tissue-resident cells are less well defined. In the present study, we show that lung a resident Vδ1 population. Moreover, demonstrate memory and effector phenotypes were enriched in tumors compared nontumor tissues. Intratumoral possessed stem-like features skewed toward cytolysis helper type 1 function, akin to intratumoral natural killer CD8 +...
ABSTRACT Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a global human health problem causing infections in both hospitals and the community. Companion animals, such as cats, dogs, horses, are also frequently colonized by MRSA can become infected. We sequenced genomes of 46 multilocus sequence type (ST) 22 isolates from cats dogs United Kingdom compared these to an extensive population framework same lineage. Phylogenomic analyses showed that all companion animal were interspersed...
Genome sequencing is revolutionizing clinical microbiology and our understanding of infectious diseases. Previous studies have largely relied on the a single isolate from each individual. However, it not clear what degree bacterial diversity exists within, transmitted between individuals. Understanding this 'cloud diversity' key to accurate identification transmission pathways. Here, we report deep methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among staff animal patients involved in network at...
ObjectivesMethicillin resistance in Staphylococcus spp. results from the expression of an alternative penicillin-binding protein 2a (encoded by mecA) with a low affinity for β-lactam antibiotics. Recently, novel variant mecA known as mecC (formerly mecALGA251) was identified aureus isolates both humans and animals. In this study, we two sciuri subsp. carnaticus bovine infections that harbour three different homologues: mecA, mecA1 mecC.
There are limited data available on the epidemiology and prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in human population that encode recently described mecA homologue, mecC. To address this knowledge gap we undertook a prospective study England to determine mecC among MRSA isolates. Three hundred thirty-five sequential isolates from individual patients were collected each six clinical microbiology laboratories during 2011–12. These tested by PCR or genome sequencing...
ObjectivesmecC methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) represent a newly recognized form of MRSA, distinguished by the possession divergent mecA homologue, mecC. The first isolate to be identified came from bovine milk, but there are few data on prevalence mecC MRSA among dairy cattle. aim this study was conduct farms in Great Britain.
ABSTRACT Recently, a novel variant of mecA known as mecC ( LGA251 ) was identified in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from both humans and animals. In this study, we xylosus isolate that harbors new allotype the gene, mecC1 . Whole-genome sequencing revealed forms part class E mec complex mecI-mecR1-mecC1-blaZ located at orfX locus likely staphylococcal cassette chromosome element (SCC remnant, which also contains number other genes present on type XI SCC
Human CMV (HCMV) encodes multiple genes that control NK cell activation and cytotoxicity. Some of these HCMV-encoded gene products modulate activity as ligands expressed at the surface engage inhibitory receptors, whereas others prevent infected from upregulating bind to activating receptors. A major NKR is homodimeric NKG2D receptor, which has eight distinct natural in humans. It was shown HCMV able expression five (MIC A/B ULBP1, 2, 6). In this article, we show product UL142 can ULBP3...
Intracellular replication within specialized vacuoles and cell-to-cell spread in the tissue are essential for virulence of Salmonella enterica. By observing infection dynamics at single-cell level vivo, we have discovered that pathogenicity island 2 (SPI-2) type 3 secretory system (T3SS) is dispensable growth to high intracellular densities. This challenges concept absolutely requires proteins delivered by SPI-2 T3SS, which has been derived largely inference from vitro cell experiments...
High-level β-lactam resistance in MRSA is mediated the majority of strains by a mecA or mecC gene. In this study, we identified 10 mec gene-negative human isolates from Austria and 11 bovine UK showing high levels sought to understand molecular basis observed. Different antimicrobial testing methods (disc diffusion, Etest VITEK® 2) were used establish profiles for further investigated WGS. A number mutations (including novel ones) PBPs, AcrB, YjbH pbp4 promoter resistant isolates, but not...
Livestock-associated meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus belonging to clonal complex 398 (LA-MRSA CC398) is an important cause of zoonotic infections in several countries, but there only a single published report this lineage from the United Kingdom (UK). Here, we describe isolation LA-MRSA CC398 bulk tank milk five geographically dispersed farms UK. Our findings suggest that established livestock Awareness potential occupational risks and surveillance other food-producing animal...
Although there have been great advances in our understanding of the bacterial cytoskeleton, major gaps remain knowledge its importance to virulence. In this study we explored contribution cytoskeleton ability Salmonella express and assemble virulence factors cause disease. The actin-like protein MreB polymerises into helical filaments interacts with other cytoskeletal elements including MreC control cell-shape. As mreB appears be an essential gene, constructed a viable ΔmreC depletion mutant...
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, the agent of typhoid fever in humans, expresses surface Vi polysaccharide antigen that contributes to virulence. However, expression can also be detrimental some key steps S. Typhi infectivity, for example, invasion, and is target protective immune responses. We used a strain Typhimurium carrying whole pathogenicity island 7 (SPI-7) monitor vivo within phagocytic cells mice at different times after systemic infection. tested whether it possible modulate via...
Signalling is of particular importance in immune cells, and upstream the signalling pathway many membrane receptors are functional only as complexes, co-locating with lipid species. Work over last 15 years has shown that plasma composition close to a critical point phase separation, evidence cells adapt their ways alter proximity this thermodynamic point. Macrophage key component innate system, responsive infections regulate local state inflammation. We investigate changes membrane’s...
ABSTRACT The interaction between Salmonella enterica and the host immune system is complex. outcome of an infection result a balance in vivo environment where bacteria survive grow regulation fitness genes at level sufficient for to retain their characteristic rate growth given host. Using bacteriological counts from tissue homogenates fluorescence microscopy determine spread, localization, distribution S. tissues, we show that, during systemic infection, adapts environment. adaptation...
Salmonella enterica are a threat to public health. Current vaccines not fully effective. The ability grow in infected tissues within phagocytes is required for S. virulence systemic disease. As the infection progresses bacteria exposed complex host immune response. Consequently, order continue growing tissues, requires coordinated regulation of fitness genes. Bacterial gene has so far been investigated largely using exposure artificial environmental conditions or vitro cultured cells, and...
MultiSpectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT) is an emerging modality that combines the high contrast of optical imaging with spatial resolution and penetration depth ultrasound, to provide detailed images hemoglobin concentration oxygenation. To facilitate accurate determination changes in vascularity oxygenation a biological tissue over time, tumor response cancer therapy for example, extensive study stability reproducibility small animal MSOT system has been performed. Investigations were...
Abstract Signalling is of particular importance in immune cells, and upstream the signalling pathway many membrane receptors are functional only as complexes, co-locating with lipid species. Work over last 15 years has shown that plasma composition close to a critical point phase separation, evidence cells adapt their ways alter proximity this thermodynamical point. Macrophage key component innate system, responsive infections, regulating local state inflammation. We investigate changes...