Oliver E. Amin
A5075511685- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Hepatitis B Virus Studies
- Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Hepatitis C virus research
- Immune cells in cancer
- vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
- Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
- Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
- Phagocytosis and Immune Regulation
- Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
- IL-33, ST2, and ILC Pathways
- Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
- Diabetes and associated disorders
- Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics
- Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Disease
University College London
2020-2023
Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution
2020-2022
Institute of Infection and Immunity
2018
Abstract Individuals with potential exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) do not necessarily develop PCR or antibody positivity, suggesting that some individuals may clear subclinical infection before seroconversion. T cells can contribute the rapid clearance of SARS-CoV-2 and other infections 1–3 . Here we hypothesize pre-existing memory cell responses, cross-protective against (refs. 4–11 ), would expand in vivo support viral control, aborting infection....
A boost from infection During clinical trials of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccines, no one who had survived with the virus was tested. year after pandemic declared, vaccination previously infected persons is a reality. Reynolds et al. address knowledge gap in cohort UK health care workers given Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine which half participants experienced natural infections early (see Perspective by Crotty). Genotyping indicated that genetic component underlies...
The Omicron, or Pango lineage B.1.1.529, variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) carries multiple spike mutations with high transmissibility and partial neutralizing antibody (nAb) escape. Vaccinated individuals show protection against disease, often attributed to primed cellular immunity. We investigated T B cell immunity B.1.1.529 in triple BioNTech BNT162b2 messenger RNA-vaccinated health care workers (HCWs) different SARS-CoV-2 infection histories....
B cells are increasingly recognized as playing an important role in the ongoing control of hepatitis virus (HBV). The development antibodies against viral surface antigen (HBV [HBsAgs]) constitutes hallmark resolution acute infection and is a therapeutic goal for functional cure chronic HBV (CHB). We characterized directly ex vivo from blood liver patients with CHB to investigate constraints on their antiviral potential. Unexpectedly, we found that HBsAg-specific persisted many were enriched...
Understanding the nature of immunity following mild/asymptomatic infection with SARS-CoV-2 is crucial to controlling pandemic. We analyzed T cell and neutralizing antibody responses in 136 healthcare workers (HCW) 16-18 weeks after United Kingdom lockdown, 76 whom had captured by serial sampling. Neutralizing antibodies (nAb) were present 89% previously infected HCW. tended be lower asymptomatic than those reporting case-definition symptoms COVID-19, while nAb titers maintained irrespective...
Immunotherapy is now the standard of care for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), yet many patients fail to respond. A major unmet goal boosting T-cells with both strong HCC reactivity and protective advantages tissue-resident memory (T
The human liver contains specialized subsets of mononuclear phagocytes (MNPs) and T cells, but whether these have definitive features tissue residence (long-term retention, lack egress) and/or can be replenished from the circulation remains unclear. Here we addressed questions using HLA-mismatched allografts to discriminate liver-resident (donor) infiltrating (recipient) immune composition. Allografts were rapidly infiltrated by recipient leukocytes, which recapitulated myeloid lymphoid...
Background and Aims GS‐9688 (selgantolimod) is a toll‐like receptor 8 agonist in clinical development for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Antiviral activity has previously been evaluated vitro HBV‐infected hepatocytes vivo woodchuck model CHB. Here we potential to boost responses contributing viral control modulate regulatory mediators. Approach Results We characterized effect on immune cell subsets peripheral blood mononuclear cells healthy controls patients with activated...
Abstract Determining divergent metabolic requirements of T cells, and the viruses tumours they fail to combat, could provide new therapeutic checkpoints. Inhibition acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) has direct anti-carcinogenic activity. Here, we show that ACAT inhibition antiviral activity against hepatitis B (HBV), as well boosting protective anti-HBV anti-hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. reduces CD8 + cell neutral lipid droplets promotes microdomains, enhancing TCR...
BackgroundWe hypothesised that host-response biomarkers of viral infections might contribute to early identification individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2, which is critical breaking the chains transmission. We aimed evaluate diagnostic accuracy existing candidate whole-blood transcriptomic signatures for infection predict positivity nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing.MethodsWe did a nested case-control study among prospective cohort health-care workers (aged ≥18 years) at St Bartholomew's...
Objective Tissue-resident memory T cells (T RM ) are vital immune sentinels that provide protective immunity. While hepatic CD8 + have been well described, little is known about the location, phenotype and function of CD4 . Design We used multiparametric flow cytometry, histological assessment novel human tissue coculture systems to interrogate ex vivo phenotype, generation intrahepatic T-cell compartment. also leukocytes isolated from leukocyte antigen (HLA)-disparate liver allografts...
A better understanding of mechanisms that regulate CD8
Abstract Individuals with likely exposure to the highly infectious SARS-CoV-2 do not necessarily develop PCR or antibody positivity, suggesting some may clear sub-clinical infection before seroconversion. T cells can contribute rapid clearance of and other coronavirus infections 1–5 . We hypothesised that pre-existing memory cell responses, cross-protective potential against 6–12 , would expand in vivo mediate viral control, potentially aborting infection. studied replication transcription...
IgG-based anti-cancer therapies have achieved promising clinical outcomes, but, especially for patients with solid tumors, response rates vary. IgE antibodies promote distinct immune responses compared to IgG and shown anti-tumoral pre-clinical activity preliminary efficacy safety profile in testing. To improve potency further, we engineered a hybrid IgE-IgG1 antibody (IgEG), combine the functions of both isotypes. Two IgEGs were generated variable regions taken from trastuzumab (Tras IgEG)...
Determining the protection an individual has to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants of concern (VoCs) is crucial for future immune surveillance, vaccine development, and understanding changing response. We devised informative assay current ELISA-based serology using multiplexed, baited, targeted proteomics direct detection multiple proteins in SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike antibody immunocomplex. Serum from individuals collected after infection or first- second-dose...
Abstract Studies of adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 include characterisation lethal, severe and mild cases 1-8 . Understanding how long lasts in people who have had or asymptomatic infection is crucial. Healthcare worker (HCW) cohorts exposed infected by during the early stages pandemic are an invaluable resource study this question 9-14 The UK COVIDsortium a longitudinal, London hospital HCW cohort, followed from time lockdown 9,10 ; weekly PCR, serology symptom diaries allowed capture...
With the growing appreciation of tissue-resident immunity, studying tissue-specific immune cells contributing to both homeostasis and disease is imperative. Here, we provide a protocol for isolation human intrahepatic leukocytes (IHL) maximizing viability, purity, yield. Our scalable by tissue weight, allowing reproducible efficient IHL liberation suitable functional characterization, cell isolation, profiling flow (or mass) cytometry. Furthermore, "guide" determine an expected yield per...
ABSTRACT Background & Aims Tissue-resident memory T cells (T RM ) are important immune sentinels that provide efficient in situ immunity. Liver-resident CD8 + have been previously described, and contribute to viral control persistent hepatotropic infections. However, little is known regarding liver CD4 cells. Here we profiled resident non-resident intrahepatic cell subsets, assessing their phenotype, function, differential generation requirements roles infection. Methods Liver tissue was...