A5029644342- Leptospirosis research and findings
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Veterinary medicine and infectious diseases
- Zoonotic diseases and public health
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- Vector-borne infectious diseases
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Humic Substances and Bio-Organic Studies
- Bacterial Identification and Susceptibility Testing
- Burkholderia infections and melioidosis
- Malaria Research and Control
- Brucella: diagnosis, epidemiology, treatment
- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
- Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology
- Yersinia bacterium, plague, ectoparasites research
- Mycobacterium research and diagnosis
- SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Neonatal Respiratory Health Research
- Peripheral Neuropathies and Disorders
- Autopsy Techniques and Outcomes
- Bartonella species infections research
- Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2016-2025
National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases
2010-2024
Duke University Health System
2024
National University of Singapore
2024
Michigan State University
2024
Duke University
2011-2023
Durham VA Health Care System
2023
Unifor
2023
Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education
2021
University of Wisconsin–Madison
2021
A 14-year-old boy with severe combined immunodeficiency presented three times to a medical facility over period of 4 months fever and headache that progressed hydrocephalus status epilepticus necessitating medically induced coma. Diagnostic workup including brain biopsy was unrevealing. Unbiased next-generation sequencing the cerebrospinal fluid identified 475 3,063,784 sequence reads (0.016%) corresponding leptospira infection. Clinical assays for leptospirosis were negative. Targeted...
Human monkeypox was first recognized outside Africa in 2003 during an outbreak the USA that traced to imported virus (MPXV)-infected West African rodents. Unlike smallpox-like disease described Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC; a Basin country), appeared milder. Here, analyses compared clinical, laboratory and epidemiological features confirmed human case-patients, using data from outbreaks Basin, results suggested pathogenicity associated with viral strain. Genomic sequencing USA, Western...
Introduction The syndrome of fever is a commonly presenting complaint among persons seeking healthcare in low-resource areas, yet the public health community has not approached comprehensive manner. In many malaria over-diagnosed, and patients without have poor outcomes. Methods Findings We prospectively studied cohort 870 pediatric adult febrile admissions to two hospitals northern Tanzania over period one year using conventional standard diagnostic tests establish etiology. Malaria was...
Leptospirosis, caused by spirochetes of the genus Leptospira, is a globally widespread, neglected and emerging zoonotic disease. While whole genome analysis individual pathogenic, intermediately pathogenic saprophytic Leptospira species has been reported, comprehensive cross-species genomic comparison all known infectious non-infectious with goal identifying genes related to pathogenesis mammalian host adaptation, remains key gap in field. Infectious comprised evolutionarily diverged from...
Antigen-based tests for SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), are inexpensive and can return results within 15 minutes (1). Antigen have received Food Drug Administration (FDA) Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) use in asymptomatic symptomatic persons first 5-12 days after symptom onset (2). These been used at U.S. colleges universities other congregate settings (e.g., nursing homes correctional detention facilities), where serial testing of might facilitate...
Definitive diagnosis of leptospirosis has traditionally depended upon the isolation leptospires from clinical specimens or demonstration seroconversion in paired acute and convalescent serum samples. Both these approaches require expertise not routinely available laboratories usually result delayed diagnosis. Conventional PCR assays have been developed, but all limitations which restricted their widespread use. In order to overcome limitations, a real-time assay was developed using 423 bp...
The available Leptospira multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme supported by a MLST website is limited to L. interrogans and kirschneri. Our aim was broaden the utility of this incorporate total seven pathogenic species.We modified existing replacing one loci (fadD changed caiB), as former gene did not appear be present in some species. Comparison original schemes using data for kirschneri demonstrated that discriminatory power two significantly different. used further characterize 325...
The genus Leptospira is classified into 13 named species and 4 genomospecies based upon DNA-DNA reassociation studies. Phenotypic tests are unable to distinguish between of Leptospira, there a need for simplified molecular approach the identification leptospires. 16S rRNA gene sequences potentially useful but large number various lengths quality in public databases. near full length bidirectional high redundancy were determined all type strains Leptospiraceae. Three clades identified within...
As part of a prospective study leptospirosis and biodiversity Leptospira in the Peruvian Amazon, new species was isolated from humans with acute febrile illness. Field trapping identified this leptospire peridomestic rats (Rattus norvegicus, six isolates; R. rattus, two isolates) obtained urban, peri-urban, rural areas Iquitos region. Novelty proven by serological typing, 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, DNA-DNA hybridization analysis. We have named...
Introduction Leptospirosis is endemic to Puerto Rico, affecting people through seasonal increases and outbreaks. This report describes the diagnostic approach clinical characteristics of leptospirosis cases identified active undifferentiated acute febrile illness (UAFI) surveillance in Rico. Materials Methods From 2019-2021, was conducted four emergency departments (ED), with standardized recruitment patients aged ≥5 years, presenting fever or a history unknown origin within past two weeks....
Isolates of Leptospira from two human cases leptospirosis in Denmark and France were studied using DNA-DNA relatedness, G + C content, 16S rRNA gene sequence data pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. These isolates differed previously described species are defined as broomii sp. nov. The type strain is 5399T (= ATCC BAA-1107T = KIT 5399T).
On 21 November 2005, a 32-year-old male resident of New York was hospitalized with suspected leptospirosis. He had participated in an endurance-length swamp race on 4-5 2005 outside Tampa, Florida.We interviewed racers to assess illness, medical care, and activities. A case defined as fever plus > or = 2 signs symptoms leptospirosis occurring racer after 4 2005. Individuals cases were referred for treatment needed asked submit serum samples microscopic agglutination testing (MAT) rapid by...
We enrolled consecutive febrile admissions to two hospitals in Moshi, Tanzania. Confirmed leptospirosis was defined as a ≥ 4-fold increase microscopic agglutination test (MAT) titer; probable reciprocal MAT titer 800; and exposure pathogenic leptospires 100. Among 870 patients the study, 453 (52.1%) had paired sera available, 40 (8.8%) of these met definition for confirmed leptospirosis. Of 832 with 1 serum sample 30 (3.6%) an additional 277 (33.3%) evidence leptospires. those most common...
The genus Leptospira currently comprises 16 named species. In addition, four unnamed hybridization groups were designated genomospecies 1, 3, 4 and 5. These represent valid species-level taxa, but not assigned names in the original description by Brenner et al. [Int J Syst Bacteriol 49, 839-858 (1999)]. To rectify this situation, it is proposed that 5 should be classified as alstonii sp. nov., vanthielii terpstrae nov. yanagawae respectively, with strains L. 79601(T) ( = ATCC BAA-2439(T)),...
Identifying etiologies of acute febrile illnesses (AFI) is challenging due to non-specific presentation and limited availability diagnostics. Prospective AFI studies provide a methodology describe the syndrome by age etiology, findings that can be used develop case definitions multiplexed diagnostics optimize management. We conducted 3-year prospective study in Puerto Rico. Patients with fever ≤7 days were offered enrollment, clinical data specimens collected at enrollment upon discharge or...
Abstract Background Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) and antigen tests are important diagnostics for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Sensitivity of has been shown to be lower than that rRT-PCR; however, data evaluate epidemiologic characteristics affect test performance limited. Methods Paired mid-turbinate nasal swabs were collected from university students staff tested SARS-CoV-2 using both Quidel Sofia SARS Antigen...
A single Leptospira strain (designated Bejo-Iso9(T)) was isolated from a soil sample taken in Johor, Malaysia. The isolate showed motility and morphology typical of the genus under dark-field microscopy. Cells were found to be 10-13 microm length 0.2 diameter, with wavelength 0.5 an amplitude approximately microm. Phenotypically, Bejo-Iso9(T) grew Ellinghausen-McCullough-Johnson-Harris medium at 13, 30 37 degrees C, also presence 8-azaguanine. Serologically, produced titres towards several...
A single Leptospira strain (designated Khorat-H2T) was isolated from the urine of an adult male patient with suspected leptospirosis province Nakornrachasima, Thailand. The isolate showed typical motility and morphology under dark-field microscopy. Cells were 10–13 μm long 0.2 in diameter, a wavelength 0.5 amplitude approximately 0.3 μm. Phenotypically, Khorat-H2T did not grow at 13 °C but grew 30 37 presence 8-azaguanine. Serological identification using microscopic agglutination test...
The genus Leptospira is composed of spirochetes that are morphologically indistinguishable and cannot be differentiated by phenotypic methods. Determining the identity an infecting serovar valuable from both epidemiologic public health standpoints. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) has had limited use in few laboratories. In this study, we modified existing PFGE protocol to reduce time completion developed a database using restriction endonuclease Not I generate profiles for...
Serovar identification of clinical isolates Leptospira is generally not performed on a routine basis, yet the identity an infecting serovar valuable from both epidemiologic and public health standpoints. Only small number reference laboratories worldwide have capability to perform cross agglutinin absorption test (CAAT), method for identification. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) alternative CAAT that facilitates rapid leptospires level. We employed PFGE evaluate 175 obtained humans...
Rats are considered the principal maintenance hosts of Leptospira. The objectives this study were isolation and identification Leptospira serovars circulating among urban rat populations in Kuala Lumpur. Three hundred rats (73% Rattus rattus 27% R. norvegicus) from three different sites trapped. Twenty cultures positive for using dark-field microscopy. was dominant carrier (70%). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmed that all isolates pathogenic species. Two serogroups, Javanica...