African swine fever (ASF) was introduced into the Eastern European Union in 2014 and led to considerable mortality among wild boar. In contrast, unexpected high antibody prevalence reported hunted boar north-eastern Estonia. One of causative virus strains recently characterized. While it still showed rather virulence majority experimentally infected animals, one animal survived recovered completely. Here, we report on follow-up characterization isolate obtained from survivor acute phase...

Due to its impact on animal health and pig industry, African swine fever (ASF) is regarded as one of the most important viral diseases pigs. Following ongoing epidemic in Transcaucasian countries Russian Federation, virus was introduced into Estonian wild boar population 2014. Epidemiological investigations suggested two different introductions southern north-eastern part Estonia. Interestingly, outbreak characteristics varied considerably between affected regions. While high mortality...

This study targeted the assessment of a potential African swine fever virus (ASFV) carrier state 30 pigs in total which were allowed to recover from infection with ASFV "Netherlands'86" prior exposure six healthy sentinel for more than 2 months. Throughout whole trial, blood and swab samples subjected routine virological serological investigations. At end necropsy all animals was performed viral persistence distribution assessed. Upon infection, wide range clinical pathomorphological signs...

Since the first introduction of African swine fever (ASF) into European wild boar population in 1957, question virus survival carcasses animals that succumbed to disease has been discussed. The causative (ASFV) is known be very stable environment. Thus, infected could play a major role as ASFV reservoir and thereby help locally maintain spread populations. To minimize this risk, removal ASF affected areas regarded crucial for effective control. If not feasible, are usually disposed by burial...

African swine fever (ASF) is one of the most threatening diseases for pig farming sector worldwide. As an effective vaccine lacking, strict application control measures only way to fight disease in both industrial farms and backyard holdings. With generally low biosecurity standards, latter are at particular risk introduction offer challenging conditions control. In following case report, we describe overall course ASF outbreak a Bulgarian farm implemented measures. Farm facilities available...

Understanding African swine fever virus (ASFV) transmission is essential for strategies to minimize spread during an outbreak. ASFV can survive extended time periods in animal products, carcasses, and the environment. While genome was found environments around infected farms, data on survival soil are scarce. We investigated different matrices spiked with ASFV-positive blood from wild boar see if remain infectious beneath carcasses. As expected, detection possible over entire sampling...

Since African swine fever (ASF) first appeared in the Caucasus region 2007, it has spread rapidly and is now present numerous European Asian countries. In Europe, mainly wild boar populations are affected pose a risk for domestic pigs. Asia, pigs almost exclusively affected. An effective safe vaccine not available, correlates of protection far from being understood. Therefore, research on immune responses, dysfunction pathogenesis mandatory. It acknowledged that T cells play pivotal role....

In January 2014 the first case of African swine fever (ASF) in wild boar Baltic States was reported from Lithuania. It has been occurrence disease Eastern EU member states. Since then, spread further affecting not only and Poland but also south-eastern Europe, Czech Republic Belgium. The spreading pattern ASF with its long-distance several hundreds kilometers on one hand endemic situation other is far being understood. By analyzing data cases along implemented control measures Lithuania...

African swine fever (ASF) is a notifiable disease with serious socio-economic consequences that has been present in wild boar the Baltic States and Poland since 2014. An introduction of ASF usually accompanied by increased mortality, making fallen hunted animals signs main target for early warning passive surveillance. It difficult, however, to encourage hunters foresters report take samples from these cases. A pragmatic easy sampling approach quick-drying swabs could facilitate this. In...

Infection with African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes a highly lethal haemorrhagic disease in domestic and Eurasian wild pigs. Thus, it is major threat to pig populations worldwide cause of substantial economic losses. Recently, less virulent ASFV strains emerged naturally, which showed higher experimental virulence boar than The reason for this difference progression outcome unclear but likely involves different immunological responses. Unfortunately, besides the importance CD8α+...

Understanding African swine fever virus (ASFV) transmission in a population is essential for strategies to minimize spread during an outbreak. ASFV can survive extended periods of time animal products, carcasses, and the environment. Recent studies have shown that wild boar demonstrate interest carcasses at advanced stage decay soil where remains once were. While nucleic acids been found environment around infected farms, data on survival are scarce. We investigated different matrices spiked...

Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) has caused tremendous losses to the United States pig industry since 2013. From 2014, outbreaks were also reported from Central Europe. To characterize European PEDV strains regarding their virulence in suckling piglets, and assess protective effect of maternally derived antibodies (MDA), four trial groups randomly assigned, each consisting two pregnant sows litter. induce MDA a subset received cell culture-adapted strain, another inoculated with field...

Abstract African swine fever (ASF) was diagnosed for the first time in Romania a backyard holding Satu‐Mare County July 2017. Since then, more than 3800 outbreaks occurred entire country. Disease control strategies sector rely almost exclusively on reactive measures implemented upon appearance of clinical signs and laboratory confirmation ASF. In our descriptive study, infection course outbreak investigation data 56 affected holdings has been investigated. Early disease detection based...

African swine fever (ASF) is a highly pathogenic viral disease affecting all Suidae, with Ornithodoros moubata complex soft ticks acting as the biological arthropod vectors of causative agent, virus (ASFV). While ASFV also transmissible via direct contact, pig products and fomites, other arthropods may be involved in transmission persistence. Therefore, we checked various groups blood-feeding collected during summer 2017 wild boar habitats on Estonian Island Saaremaa for presence ASFV. had...

In 2020, ASF occurred in wild boars throughout Latvia and Lithuania, more than 21,500 animals were hunted tested for the presence of virus genome antibodies framework routine disease surveillance. The aim our study was to re-examine that positive negative blood (n = 244) see if can still be found bone marrow, as an indicator persistence animal. Via this approach, we intended answer question whether seropositive play a role spread disease. total, 2 out 244 marrow. results indicate animals,...

In the case of African swine fever (ASF) outbreaks in pig farms, EU legislation requires a thorough epidemiological investigation to determine, among other tasks, extent infection affected farm. The main aim this study was implement reliable sampling strategy quickly obtain an overview ASF virus spread We developed and tested three-step approach: (i) identification sub-units within farm, (ii) categorization sub-units, (iii) targeted selection animals for testing. used commercially available...

Veterinarians who have conducted numerous investigations of African swine fever outbreaks in pig farms various European countries over the years shared their experiences during a workshop Germany early 2020. One focus was on so-called "anecdotal information" obtained from farmers, farm workers or other lay people outbreak investigations. Discussions revolved around how to correctly interpret and classify such information subjective character statements can influence follow-up examinations....