A5027962263- Spider Taxonomy and Behavior Studies
- Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- Lepidoptera: Biology and Taxonomy
- Insect and Arachnid Ecology and Behavior
- Environmental DNA in Biodiversity Studies
- Species Distribution and Climate Change
- Genetic diversity and population structure
- Hymenoptera taxonomy and phylogeny
- Animal Behavior and Reproduction
- Identification and Quantification in Food
- Fossil Insects in Amber
- Subterranean biodiversity and taxonomy
- Plant and animal studies
- Orthoptera Research and Taxonomy
- Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
- Amphibian and Reptile Biology
- Molecular Biology Techniques and Applications
- Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies
- Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Biomedical Research
- Microbial Community Ecology and Physiology
- Forest Ecology and Biodiversity Studies
- Scarabaeidae Beetle Taxonomy and Biogeography
- Silk-based biomaterials and applications
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
- Collembola Taxonomy and Ecology Studies
Smithsonian Institution
2013-2023
National Museum of Natural History
2013-2023
University of Guelph
2023
Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité
2023
Beltsville Agricultural Research Center
2023
Agricultural Research Service
2023
Washington State Department of Agriculture
2023
École Pratique des Hautes Études
2023
Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin
2013-2019
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
2019
Both the magnitude and urgency of task assessing global biodiversity require that we make most what know through use estimation extrapolation. Likewise, future inventories need to be designed around effective sampling procedures, especially for ‘hyperdiverse’ groups terrestrial organisms, such as arthropods, nematodes, fungi, microorganisms. The challenge estimating patterns species richness from samples can separated into (i) problem local richness, (ii) distinctness, or complementarity,...
Increasing our understanding of Earth’s biodiversity and responsibly stewarding its resources are among the most crucial scientific social challenges new millennium. These require fundamental knowledge organization, evolution, functions, interactions millions planet’s organisms. Herein, we present a perspective on Earth BioGenome Project (EBP), moonshot for biology that aims to sequence, catalog, characterize genomes all eukaryotic over period 10 years. The outcomes EBP will inform broad...
Species distribution models (SDMs) are numerical tools that combine observations of species occurrence or abundance with environmental estimates. They used to gain ecological and evolutionary insights predict distributions across landscapes, ...Read More
Species richness is an important characteristic of ecological communities, but it difficult to quantify. We report here a thorough inventory tropical rain forest ant fauna and use evaluate species estimators. The study was carried out in ∼1500 ha lowland at La Selva Biological Station, Costa Rica. Diverse methods were used, including canopy fogging, Malaise traps, Berlese samples, Winkler baiting, manual search. Workers 437 encountered. abundance distribution clearly lognormal, the emerged...
The objectives of this work are: (1) to define spider guilds for all extant families worldwide; (2) test if defined at family level are good surrogates species guilds; (3) compare the taxonomic and guild composition assemblages from different parts world; (4) functional diversity and; (5) relate with habitat structure. Data on foraging strategy, prey range, vertical stratification circadian activity was collected 108 families. Spider were by hierarchical clustering. We searched...
We present a phylogenetic analysis of spiders using dataset 932 spider species, representing 115 families (only the family Synaphridae is unrepresented), 700 known genera, and additional representatives 26 unidentified or undescribed genera. Eleven genera orders Amblypygi, Palpigradi, Schizomida Uropygi are included as outgroups. The includes six markers from mitochondrial (12S, 16S, COI) nuclear (histone H3, 18S, 28S) genomes, was analysed by multiple methods, including constrained analyses...
Abstract- A cladistic viewpoint provides an historical definition of adaptation and operational ecological test for evolutionary adaptations. Adaptation is apomorphic function promoted by natural selection, as compared with plesiomorphic function. thus a conditional, hierarchical, comparative term, like homology. Hypotheses that do not specify levels apomorphy are weak; they should refer to explain the at level which it respect (outgroup) condition. The adaptational hypothesis serves prior...
The duplication of genes can occur through various mechanisms and is thought to make a major contribution the evolutionary diversification organisms. There increasing evidence for large-scale in some chelicerate lineages including two rounds whole genome (WGD) horseshoe crabs. To investigate this further, we sequenced analyzed common house spider Parasteatoda tepidariorum. We found pervasive both coding non-coding spider, clusters Hox genes. Analysis synteny conservation across P....
The evolutionary diversification of spiders is attributed to spectacular innovations in silk. Spiders are unique synthesizing many different kinds silk, and using silk for a variety ecological functions throughout their lives, particularly make prey-catching webs. Here, we construct broad higher-level phylogeny combining molecular data with traditional morphological behavioral characters. We use this test the hypothesis that spider orb web evolved only once. then examine relation...
Insects and their arthropod relatives including mites, spiders, crustaceans play major roles in the world’s terrestrial, aquatic, marine ecosystems. Arthropods compete with humans for food transmit devastating diseases. They also comprise most diverse successful branch of metazoan evolution, millions extant species. Here, we describe an international effort to guide genomic efforts, from species prioritization methodology informatics. The 5000 genomes initiative (i5K) community met formally...
1. Frequency of singletons - species represented by single individuals is anomalously high in most large tropical arthropod surveys (average, 32%). 2. We sampled 5965 adult spiders 352 (29% singletons) from 1 ha lowland moist forest Guyana. 3. Four common hypotheses (small body size, male-biased sex ratio, cryptic habits, clumped distributions) failed to explain singleton frequency. Singletons are larger than other species, not gender-biased, share no particular lifestyle, and at 0.25-1...
Spiders (Order Araneae) are massively abundant generalist arthropod predators that found in nearly every ecosystem on the planet and have persisted for over 380 million years. long served as evolutionary models studying complex mating web spinning behaviors, key innovation adaptive radiation hypotheses, been inspiration important theories like sexual selection by female choice. Unfortunately, past major attempts to reconstruct spider phylogeny typically employing “usual suspect” genes unable...
November 2020 marked 2 y since the launch of Earth BioGenome Project (EBP), which aims to sequence all known eukaryotic species in a 10-y timeframe. Since then, significant progress has been made across aspects EBP roadmap, as outlined 2018 article describing project’s goals, strategies, and challenges (1). The phase ended clock started on reaching EBP’s major milestones. This Special Feature explores many facets EBP, including review progress, description scientific exemplar projects,...
Life on Earth has evolved from initial simplicity to the astounding complexity we experience today. Bacteria and archaea have largely excelled in metabolic diversification, but eukaryotes additionally display abundant morphological innovation. How these innovations come about what constraints are there origins of novelty continuing maintenance biodiversity Earth? The history life code for working parts cells systems written genome. BioGenome Project proposed that genomes all extant, named...
Abstract The exact algorithms of two commonly used parsimony programs, Hennig86 by J. S. Farris and PAUP D. Swofford, sometimes produce different solutions, resolutions that are not supported the data being analysed. discrepancies apparently involve treatment missing entries, which can currently represent unknown data, inapplicable character and/or polymorphic taxa. Each those potential sources ambiguity is logically (if computationally) different; with regard to binary characters, could be...
This phylogenetic analysis of 31 exemplar taxa treats the 12 families Araneoidea (Anapidae, Araneidae, Cyatholipidae, Linyphiidae, Mysmenidae, Nesticidae, Pimoidae, Symphytognathidae, Synotaxidae, Tetragnathidae, Theridiidae, and Theridiosomatidae). The data set comprises 93 characters: 23 from male genitalia, 3 female 18 cephalothorax morphology, 6 abdomen 14 limb 15 spinnerets, web architecture other behaviour. Criteria for tree choice were minimum length parsimony under implied weights....
We present the first cladistic analysis focused at tribal and subfamily level of orb-weaving spider family Araneidae. The data matrix 82 characters scored for 57 arancid genera 6 subfamilies 19 tribes (and 13 from 8 outgroup families) resulted in 16 slightly different, most parsimonious trees. Successive weighting corroborated 62 66 informative nodes on these cladograms; one is recommended as 'working' araneid phylogeny. sister group Araneidae all other Araneoidea. comprises two major...
Extreme sexual body size dimorphism (SSD), in which males are only a small fraction of the females, occurs few, mostly marine, taxonomic groups. Spiders terrestrial group relatively common, particularly among orb-weavers (especially families Tetragnathidae and Araneidae) crab spiders (Thomisidae). We used sample 80 genera to study phylogenetic patterns (origins reversals) SSD orb-weaving (Orbiculariae). collected compiled male female data (adult length) for 536 species. Size were treated as...
We investigated the effect of plot-based and unrestricted (plot-less) sampling on an inventory a megadiverse taxon, spiders, in Afrotropical forest for purpose species richness estimates. also efficiency human-based methods allocation effort to different cover as many microhabitats possible. In 10-d period montane Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve Tanzania, eight collectors sampled spiders 350 h 800 pitfall "trap-days." Two hundred hours were restricted 1-ha plot 150 took place outside plot. The...