A5014165061- Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
- Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism
- Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research
- Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications
- Neural dynamics and brain function
- Diet and metabolism studies
- Glioma Diagnosis and Treatment
- Pain Management and Placebo Effect
- Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
- MRI in cancer diagnosis
- Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Cardiac Imaging and Diagnostics
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
- Pediatric Pain Management Techniques
- Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
- Advanced NMR Techniques and Applications
- Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies
- Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
- NMR spectroscopy and applications
- Ultrasound Imaging and Elastography
- Fetal and Pediatric Neurological Disorders
- Spine and Intervertebral Disc Pathology
University of Oxford
2015-2024
Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging
2014-2024
John Radcliffe Hospital
2004-2023
IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele
2004
University of Nottingham
1997-2001
Resonance Research (United States)
1998
Abstract A fully probabilistic framework is presented for estimating local probability density functions on parameters of interest in a model diffusion. This technique applied to the estimation diffusion tensor model, and also simple partial volume In both cases include defining fiber direction. then using these estimate global connectivity (i.e., existence connection through data field, between any two distant points), allowing quantification belief tractography results. cortical human...
The experience of pain is subjectively different from the fear and anxiety caused by threats pain. Functional magnetic resonance imaging in healthy humans was applied to dissociate neural activation patterns associated with acute its anticipation. Expectation activated sites within medial frontal lobe, insular cortex, cerebellum distinct from, but close to, locations mediating itself. Anticipation can own right cause mood changes behavioral adaptations that exacerbate suffering experienced...
Current clinical and experimental literature strongly supports the phenomenon of reduced pain perception whilst attention is distracted away from noxious stimuli. This study used functional MRI to elucidate underlying neural systems mechanisms involved. An analogue Stroop task, counting Stroop, was as a cognitive distraction task subjects received intermittent painful thermal Pain intensity scores were significantly when took part in more cognitively demanding interference than less neutral...
It is common clinical experience that anxiety about pain can exacerbate the sensation. Using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI), we compared activation responses to noxious thermal stimulation while perceived intensity was manipulated by changes in either physical or induced anxiety. One visual signal, which reliably predicted of moderate intensity, came evoke low impending pain. Another signal followed same, moderate-intensity on most trials, but occasionally...
Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience usually triggered by stimulation of peripheral nerves often associated with actual or potential tissue damage. It well known that pain perception for patients normal subjects can be modulated psychological factors, such as attention, stress, arousal. Our understanding how this modulation occurs at a neuroanatomical level poor. Here we neuroanatomically defined key area in the network brain regions active response to attention painful...
ALTHOUGH there has been much investigation of brain pathways involved in pain, little is known about the mechanisms processing somatosensory stimuli which feel pleasant. Employing fMRI it was shown that pleasant touch to hand with velvet produced stronger activation orbitofrontal cortex than affectively neutral wood. In contrast, but more intense primary stimulus. This indicates part concerned representing positively affective aspects stimuli, and further experiments this area different from...
Limited understanding of infant pain has led to its lack recognition in clinical practice. While the network brain regions that encode affective and sensory aspects adult are well described, structures involved nociceptive processing completely unknown, meaning we cannot infer anything about nature experience. Using fMRI identified active following acute noxious stimulation newborn infants, compared activity observed adults. Significant was 18 20 but not amygdala or orbitofrontal cortex....
Associative learning is thought to depend on detecting mismatches between actual and expected experiences. With functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI), we studied brain activity during different types of mismatch in a paradigm where contrasting-colored lights signaled the delivery painful heat, nonpainful warmth, or no stimulation. When heat stimulation was unexpected, there increased FMRI signal intensity areas hippocampus, superior frontal gyrus, cerebellum, parietal gyrus that not...
Balance of cortical excitation and inhibition (EI) is thought to be disrupted in several neuropsychiatric conditions, yet it not clear how maintained the healthy human brain. When EI balance disturbed during learning memory animal models, can restabilized via formation inhibitory replicas newly formed excitatory connections. Here we assess evidence for such selective rebalancing humans. Using fMRI repetition suppression measure associations We show that expression these reduces over time...
Abstract Mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase genes (IDH1/2) occur often diffuse gliomas, where they are associated with abnormal accumulation of oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG). Monitoring 2-HG levels could provide prognostic information this disease, but detection strategies that noninvasive and sufficiently quantitative have yet to be developed. In study, we address need by presenting a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) acquisition scheme uses an ultrahigh...
Studies of human primary somatosensory cortex (S1) have placed a strong emphasis on the cortical representation hand and propensity for plasticity therein. Despite many reports group differences experience-dependent changes in digit somatotopy, relatively little work has considered variability these maps across individuals to what extent this detailed functional architecture is dynamic over time. With advent 7 T fMRI, it increasingly feasible map such organization noninvasively individual...
Abstract Post-mortem studies have shown that patients dying from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection frequently pathological changes in their CNS, particularly the brainstem. Many of these are proposed to result para-infectious and/or post-infection immune responses. Clinical symptoms such as fatigue, breathlessness, and chest pain reported post-hospitalized disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. We propose part due damage key neuromodulatory brainstem nuclei....
Abstract Conventional functional imaging paradigms use periods of repetitive task performance to generate sustained signal changes. We have developed a technique the small, transient changes that occur after single cognitive events. The uses echo‐planar at 3 T images whole brain with temporal resolution seconds. It averaging create time sweeps activity. After event, widely distributed patterns activation can be detected and their course measured. This enables individual tasks constitute...
The cerebral cortex has both anatomical and functional specialization, but the level of correspondence between two in human brain remained largely elusive. Recent successes high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging myeloarchitecture patterns suggest that it may now be possible to compare directly anatomy function vivo. We independently investigated borders primary secondary visual areas (V1 V2) Functional were mapped with (fMRI) using a narrow, vertical black white contrast-reversing wedge....
The Whitehall II (WHII) study of British civil servants provides a unique source longitudinal data to investigate key factors hypothesized affect brain health and cognitive ageing. This paper introduces the multi-modal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocol assessment designed in random sample 800 members WHII study.A total 6035 participated Phase 11 clinical examination 2012-2013. A these participants was included sub-study comprising an MRI scan, detailed assessment, collection blood...
Readout-segmented echo-planar imaging (rs-EPI) can provide high quality diffusion data because it is less prone to distortion and blurring artifacts than single-shot (ss-EPI), particularly at higher resolution field. Readout segmentation allows shorter echo-spacing echo train duration, resulting in reduced image blurring, respectively, the phase-encoding direction. However, these benefits come expense of longer scan times segments are acquired multiple repetitions (TRs). This study shortened...
Recent “representational” accounts suggest a key role for the hippocampus in complex scene perception. Due to limitations scanner field strength, however, functional neuroanatomy of hippocampal-dependent perception is unknown. Here, we applied 7 T high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) alongside perceptual oddity task, modified from nonhuman primate studies. This task requires subjects discriminate highly similar scenes, faces, or objects multiple viewpoints, and has revealed...
The periaqueductal grey (PAG) is a nucleus within the midbrain, and evidence from animal models has identified its role in many homeostatic systems including respiration. Animal have also demonstrated columnar structure that subdivides PAG into four columns on each side, these subdivisions different functions with regard to In this study we used ultra-high field functional MRI (7 T) image brainstem superior cortical areas at high resolution (1 mm3 voxels), aiming identify activation of...
Patient motion during the acquisition of a magnetic resonance image can cause blurring and ghosting artifacts in image. This paper presents new post-processing strategy that reduce due to in-plane, rigid-body times comparable required re-scan patient. The algorithm iteratively determines unknown patient such corrections for this provide best quality, as measured by an entropy-related focus criterion. optimization features multi-resolution approach phase-encode direction, separate successive...
Abstract Determination of neurological pathology in white matter disease can be made a semiquantitative way from T 1 ‐ or 2 ‐weighted images. A higher level quantification based on measured values has been either limited to specific regions interest low‐resolution maps. Higher‐resolution maps have proved difficult obtain due the excessively long scan times required using conventional techniques. In this study, clinically acceptable images are obtained by single‐shot echo planar imaging (EPI)...
Increasing numbers of 7 T (7 T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners are in research and clinical use. MRI can increase the scanning speed, spatial resolution contrast-to-noise-ratio many neuroimaging protocols, but technical challenges implementation have been addressed a variety ways across sites. In order to facilitate multi-centre studies ensure consistency findings sites, it is desirable that sites implement common high-quality protocols accommodate different scanner models...