A5001380381- Helminth infection and control
- Parasite Biology and Host Interactions
- Parasites and Host Interactions
- Escherichia coli research studies
- Coccidia and coccidiosis research
- Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens research
- Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology
- Parasitic Infections and Diagnostics
- Microbial infections and disease research
- Animal Nutrition and Physiology
- Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies
- Milk Quality and Mastitis in Dairy Cows
- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
- Reproductive Physiology in Livestock
- Gut microbiota and health
- Immune Response and Inflammation
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Plant and fungal interactions
- Vector-Borne Animal Diseases
- Bacteriophages and microbial interactions
- Veterinary medicine and infectious diseases
Moredun Research Institute
2016-2025
Vitenparken
2016-2023
Singapore University of Technology and Design
2015
Upon parasitic helminth infection, activated intestinal tuft cells secrete interleukin-25 (IL-25), which initiates a type 2 immune response during lamina propria innate lymphoid (ILC2s) produce IL-13. This causes epithelial remodeling, including cell hyperplasia, the function of is unknown. We identified cholinergic effector cells, are only that expressed choline acetyltransferase (ChAT). During parasite mice with epithelial-specific deletion ChAT had increased worm burden, fitness, and...
Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157 : H7 is a bacterial pathogen that can cause haemorrhagic colitis and haemolytic uremic syndrome. In the primary reservoir host, cattle, terminal rectum principal site of E. colonization. this study, bovine rectal epithelial cells were used to examine role flagella in adherence. Binding fliC(H7) mutant strain epithelium was significantly reduced as binding flagellated wild-type following incubation with H7-specific antibodies. Complementation restored...
Infection of humans and livestock with parasitic nematodes can have devastating effects on health production, affecting food security in both developed developing regions. Despite decades research, the development recombinant sub-unit vaccines against these pathogens has been largely unsuccessful. We a strategy to identify protective antigens from Teladorsagia circumcincta, major pathogen causing gastroenteritis small ruminants temperate regions, by studying IgA responses directed at...
Abstract Haemonchus contortus appears to be the most economically important helminth parasite for small ruminant production in many regions of world. The two sheep breeds native Canary Islands display distinctly different resistant phenotypes under both natural and experimental infections. Canaria Hair Breed (CHB) tends have significantly lower worm burden delayed reduced egg than susceptible Sheep (CS). To understand molecular mechanisms underlying host resistance, we compared abomasal...
Gastrointestinal (GI) infections in sheep have significant implications for animal health, welfare and productivity, as well being a source of zoonotic pathogens. Interactions between pathogens epithelial cells at the mucosal surface play key role determining outcome GI infections; however, inaccessibility tract vivo significantly limits ability to study such interactions detail. We therefore developed ovine organoids representing physiologically important gastric intestinal sites infection,...
Abstract Background T-helper (Th) cells co-ordinate immune responses to ensure that infections with diverse parasites are controlled effectively. Helminth such as gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) generally associated type 2 (Th2) responses, while intracellular Th1 responses. Although laboratory models have reported and Th2 can be antagonistic, this has been challenged by studies of natural infections. Methods Between 2019 2022 we completed 759 captures 538 wild Soay sheep (1–4 per animal)...
Age-related changes in immunity are well documented humans and laboratory mammals. Using blood samples collected from wild Soay sheep, we show that pronounced differences T-cell subsets inflammatory markers amongst age classes also evident under natural conditions. These shifts parallel those observed mammals experiencing protected environments. We found progressive declines the proportion of naïve CD4 T cells with age, a precipitous drop γδ after second year life an increase acute phase...
Polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) and eosinophil extracellular trap (ETs) formation has recently been described as an important host effector mechanism against invading pathogens. So far, scarce evidence on metazoan-triggered ET published. We here describe for the first time Haemonchus contortus-triggered ETs being released by bovine PMN ovine eosinophils in response to ensheathed exsheathed third stage larvae (L3). The visualization of was achieved SEM analysis. identification classical...
Detailed biological analyses (e.g. epidemiological, genetic) of animal health and fitness in the field are limited by lack large-scale recording individual animals. An alternative approach is to identify immune traits that associated with these important functions can be subsequently used more detailed studies. We have an experimental dairy herd uniquely dense phenotypic data a range potentially useful correlated enhanced (or depressed) fitness. Blood samples from 248 cows were collected at...
The decline of resistance in old age Infection, immunity, and demography are rarely measured simultaneously, despite being intertwined. Froy et al. an immune marker to infection by worm parasites (helminths) Soay sheep off the remote Atlantic island St. Kilda (see Perspective Gaillard Lemaître). They used a library 2000 blood samples from 800 known individuals that have been left run wild unmanaged. Resistance declines as age, which reduces sheep's chances surviving winter. Helminths...
Despite our rapidly advancing mechanistic understanding of vertebrate immunity under controlled laboratory conditions, the links between immunity, infection and fitness natural conditions remain poorly understood. Antibodies are central to acquired immune responses, antibody levels circulating in vivo reflect a composite constitutive induced functional variants diverse specificities (e.g. binding antigens from prevalent parasites, self tissues or novel non-self sources). Here, we measured...
ABSTRACT Escherichia coli O157:H7 is an important pathogen of humans. Cattle are most frequently identified as the primary source infection, and therefore, reduction in E. prevalence cattle by vaccination represents attractive strategy for reducing incidence human disease. H7 flagella have been implicated intestinal-epithelial colonization may represent a useful target vaccination. In this study, calves were immunized either systemically with flagellin intramuscular injection or mucosally...
Teladorsagia circumcincta is a major cause of ovine parasitic gastroenteritis in temperate climatic regions. The development high levels anthelmintic resistance this nematode species challenges its future control. Recent research indicates that many parasite release extracellular vesicles into their environment, which have been classified as endocytic origin, termed exosomes. These are considered to play important roles the intercellular communication between parasites and hosts, thus...
Longitudinal proteomic analysis of bovine milk shows consistent changes over time across cows after intramammary challenge with<italic>Streptococcus uberis</italic>.
Specific Escherichia coli isolates lysogenised with prophages that express Shiga toxin (Stx) can be a threat to human health, cattle being an important natural reservoir. In many countries the most severe pathology is associated enterohaemorrhagic E. (EHEC) serogroups Stx subtype 2a. United Kingdom, phage type (PT) 21/28 O157 strains have emerged as predominant cause of life-threatening EHEC infections and this commonly encodes both Stx2a Stx2c types. PT21/28 also epidemiologically linked...
The multifaceted interactions between gastrointestinal (GI) helminth parasites, host gut microbiota and immune system are emerging as a key area of research within the field host-parasite relationships. In spite plethora data available on impact that GI helminths exert composition microflora, whether alterations microbial profiles caused by direct parasite-bacteria or, indirectly, environment (e.g. mucosal immunity) remains to be determined. Furthermore, no is thus far downstream roles...
Abstract With the problem of parasitic nematode drug resistance increasing, vaccine development offers an alternative sustainable control approach. For some nematodes, native extracts enriched for specific proteins are highly protective. However, recombinant forms these have failed to replicate this protection. This is thought be due differences in glycosylation and/or conformation between and proteins. We exploited free-living Caenorhabditis elegans examine its suitability as system...
A peptidomic investigation of milk from an experimental model Streptococcus uberis mastitis in dairy cows has incorporated a study high abundance and acute phase (APP) proteins as well analysis low molecular weight peptide biomarkers. Intramammary infection (IMI) with S. caused shift caseins, β-lactoglobulin α-lactalbumin to albumin, lactoferrin IgG the increase occurring last. The APP response haptoglobin, mammary associated serum amyloid A3 C-reactive protein occurred between 30-48 hours...
microRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that important regulators of gene expression in a range animals, including nematodes. We have analysed cluster four miRNAs from the pathogenic nematode species Haemonchus contortus closely linked genome. find is conserved only clade V parasitic nematodes and some ascarids, but not other III nor free-living Members present parasite excretory-secretory products can be detected abomasum draining lymph nodes infected sheep, indicating their release vitro vivo....