Nicole Schmitz
A5054737731- Planetary Science and Exploration
- Astro and Planetary Science
- Spacecraft Design and Technology
- Isotope Analysis in Ecology
- Spacecraft and Cryogenic Technologies
- Space Exploration and Technology
- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Space Satellite Systems and Control
- T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- Space Science and Extraterrestrial Life
- Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
- Geological and Geochemical Analysis
- Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Spacecraft Dynamics and Control
- Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
- Spaceflight effects on biology
- Nuclear Physics and Applications
- Immune Response and Inflammation
- Polar Research and Ecology
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications
- Microtubule and mitosis dynamics
- Asthma and respiratory diseases
- Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry and Applications
Planet
2009-2024
Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)
2015-2024
Planetary Science Institute
2011-2024
Institut für Lungenforschung
2009-2023
Prevea Health
2023
University of Pisa
2021
VRVis GmbH (Austria)
2021
Viking Development Group (Norway)
2019
California Institute of Technology
2018
University of Arizona
2018
Hayabusa2 at the asteroid Ryugu Asteroids fall to Earth in form of meteorites, but these provide little information about their origins. The Japanese mission is designed collect samples directly from surface an and return them for laboratory analysis. Three papers this issue describe team's study near-Earth carbonaceous 162173 Ryugu, which spacecraft arrived June 2018 (see Perspective by Wurm). Watanabe et al. measured asteroid's mass, shape, density, showing that it a “rubble pile” loose...
Vaccination of mice with a peptide corresponding to the extracellular part M2 protein coupled immunodominant domain hepatitis B core can protect from lethal challenge influenza A virus. As is highly conserved in all known human strains, such vaccine may against which would represent major advantage over current strategies. The present study demonstrates that protection mediated exclusively by Abs, very important feature successful preventive vaccine. However, these Abs neither bind...
Interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha) and IL-1beta are proinflammatory cytokines, which induce a plethora of genes activities by binding to the type 1 IL-1 receptor (IL-1R1). We have investigated role during pulmonary antiviral immune responses in IL-1R1(-/-) mice infected with influenza virus. showed markedly reduced inflammatory pathology lung, primarily due impaired neutrophil recruitment. Activation CD4(+) T cells secondary lymphoid organs subsequent migration lung were absence IL-1R1. In...
Samples of the carbonaceous asteroid (162173) Ryugu were collected and brought to Earth by Hayabusa2 spacecraft. We investigated macromolecular organic matter in samples found that it contains aromatic aliphatic carbon, ketone, carboxyl functional groups. The spectroscopic features are consistent with those chemically primitive chondrite meteorites experienced parent-body aqueous alteration (reactions liquid water). morphology carbon includes nanoglobules diffuse associated phyllosilicate...
T cell activation by APCs is positively and negatively regulated members of the B7 family. We have identified a previously unknown function for family-related protein V-set Ig domain-containing 4 (VSIG4). In vitro experiments using VSIG4-Ig fusion molecules showed that VSIG4 strong negative regulator murine human proliferation IL-2 production. Administration to mice soluble reduced induction responses in vivo inhibited production Th cell-dependent IgG responses. Unlike family members,...
Granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is critically involved in development of organ-related autoimmune inflammatory diseases including experimental allergic encephalitis and collagen-induced arthritis. Roles GM-CSF the initiation effector phase response have been proposed. Our study was designed to investigate mechanisms autoimmunity using a model heart disease (myocarditis). The pathological sequel after immunization with myosin has shown previously depend on IL-1,...
It has been shown that certain pathogens can trigger efficient T cell responses in the absence of CD28, a key costimulatory receptor expressed on resting cells. Inducible costimulator protein (ICOS) is an inducible structurally and functionally related to CD28. Here, we show CD28 both helper type 1 (Th1) Th2 were impaired but not abrogated after infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), vesicular stomatitis (VSV), nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. Inhibition ICOS...
IL-17-producing CD4(+) T cells have been recognized as key players in organ-related autoimmune disease; however, the parameters that govern their development are yet to be elucidated fully. By using both vivo and vitro systems, we investigated role of antigen dose, pathogen-associated molecular patterns, CD40-CD40 ligand (CD40L) cross-talk Th17 differentiation. We found strength antigenic stimulation critically influenced extent differentiation, because high, but not low or intermediate,...
Recombinant proteins and in particular single domains or peptides are often poorly immunogenic unless conjugated to a carrier protein. Virus-like-particles very efficient means confer high immunogenicity antigens. We report here the development of virus-like-particles (VLPs) derived from RNA bacteriophage AP205 for epitope-based vaccines.Peptides angiotensin II, S.typhi outer membrane protein (D2), CXCR4 receptor, HIV1 Nef, gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), Influenza A M2-protein were...
Allergen-specific desensitization is the only disease-modifying therapy currently available for treatment of allergies. These therapies require application allergen over several years and some may induce life-threatening anaphylactic reactions. An ideal vaccine should be highly immunogenic alleviate allergic symptoms upon few injections while being nonreactogenic. We describe such a cat allergy, consisting major Fel d1 coupled to bacteriophage Qbeta-derived virus-like particles (Qbeta-Fel...
Landing on the surface of Ryugu In October 2018, Hayabusa2 spacecraft dropped Mobile Asteroid Surface Scout (MASCOT) lander onto asteroid (162173) Ryugu. Jaumann et al. analyzed images taken by MASCOT camera during its descent and when resting surface. Colored light-emitting diodes were used to illuminate lander's surroundings at night produce color images. Ryugu's is dominated two types rock, but there no evidence for fine-grained dust. Millimeter-sized inclusions in rocks are similar those...
Executive Summary Return of samples from the surface Mars has been a goal international science community for many years. Affirmation by NASA and ESA importance exploration led agencies to establish MSR Objectives Samples Team ( iMOST ). The purpose team is re‐evaluate update sample‐related engineering objectives Sample ) campaign. also undertaken define measurements types that can best address objectives. Seven have defined , traceable through two decades previously published priorities....
Perseverance's Mastcam-Z instrument provides high-resolution stereo and multispectral images with a unique combination of spatial resolution, coverage, wavelength coverage along the rover's traverse in Jezero crater, Mars. Images reveal rocks consistent an igneous (including volcanic and/or volcaniclastic) impactite origin limited aqueous alteration, including polygonally fractured weathered coatings; massive boulder-forming bedrock consisting mafic silicates, ferric oxides, iron-bearing...
Intranasal (i.n.) immunization aims to induce local as well systemic immune responses. In the present study, we assessed a vaccine platform based on virus-like particles (VLP) derived from RNA phage Qbeta for i.n. immunization. We found that both and subcutaneous (s.c.) administration of Qbeta-VLP elicited strong comparable specific IgG responses in serum lung. Surprisingly, routes also induced high levels IgA serum. contrast, only resulted production Efficient induction B cell by VLP was...
Interleukin (IL)-6 regulates various aspects of the immune response. In context heart diseases, it has been recognized as a prognostic factor for dilated cardiomyopathy, which often results from myocarditis.Using IL-6-deficient mice, we studied role IL-6 in model autoimmune myocarditis resulting immunization with peptide derived cardiac alpha-myosin. Prevalence and severity were markedly reduced absence IL-6. CD4+ T cells immunized mice proliferated poorly on restimulation specific antigen...
A vaccine protecting against all influenza strains is a long‐sought goal, particularly for emerging pandemics. As previously shown, vaccines based on the highly conserved extracellular domain of M 2 ( 2e) may protect strains. Here, we demonstrate that 2e‐specific monoclonal antibodies (m bs) mice from lethal infection. To be protective, had to able bind F c receptors and fix complement. Furthermore, m bs I g G 2c isotype were protective in mice, while identical specificity, but 1 isotype,...
ISEM (Infrared Spectrometer for ExoMars) is a pencil-beam infrared spectrometer that will measure reflected solar radiation in the near range context assessment of surface mineralogy vicinity ExoMars rover. The instrument be accommodated on mast rover and operated together with panoramic camera (PanCam), high-resolution (HRC). study mineralogical petrographic composition martian rover, combination other remote sensing instruments, it aid selection potential targets close-up investigations...
IL-1 alpha and beta are potent pro-inflammatory cytokines that regulate many physiological systems by binding signaling to the same receptor termed type 1 (IL-1R1). We have investigated role of for pulmonary immune responses in models allergic asthma using IL-1R1-deficient (IL-1R1(-/-)) mice. In a model mild asthma, based on repeated sensitization mice with low doses ovalbumin absence any adjuvant multiple intranasal challenges, eosinophilic inflammation goblet cell hyperplasia were strongly...