A5020225658- CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors
- Particle Detector Development and Performance
- Infrared Target Detection Methodologies
- Radiation Detection and Scintillator Technologies
- Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies
- Silicon and Solar Cell Technologies
- Thin-Film Transistor Technologies
- Advanced Semiconductor Detectors and Materials
- Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis
- Astro and Planetary Science
- Radiation Effects in Electronics
- Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
- Image Processing Techniques and Applications
- Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design
- Calibration and Measurement Techniques
- Nuclear Physics and Applications
- Analytical Chemistry and Sensors
- Photocathodes and Microchannel Plates
- Adaptive optics and wavefront sensing
- Advanced Memory and Neural Computing
- Advanced X-ray Imaging Techniques
- Astronomical Observations and Instrumentation
- Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications
- Ocular and Laser Science Research
- Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations
The Open University
2014-2024
Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
2003-2011
University of Glasgow
2007-2010
Sentec (United Kingdom)
2010
Science and Technology Facilities Council
2008
Saga University
1999-2001
Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski"
1995-1998
In this paper we present a novel, quadruple well process developed in modern 0.18 mm CMOS technology called INMAPS. On top of the standard process, have added deep P implant that can be used to form P-well and provide screening N-wells from P-doped epitaxial layer. This prevents collection radiation-induced charge by unrelated N-wells, typically ones where PMOS transistors are integrated. The design sensor specifically tailored particle physics experiment is presented, each 50 pixel has over...
Abstract A prototype CMOS Image Sensor optimised for soft X-ray applications has been designed by the Centre Electronic Imaging in partnership with Teledyne-e2v. The device features four different pixel variants (three of 40 μm pitch pixels, and one variant 10 pixels) each covering a quarter 2 × cm image area. designs feature fully depleted pinned photodiodes using reverse substrate bias have low noise operation, high responsivity lag. fabricated front-illuminated devices tested custom-built...
We have designed and fabricated a CMOS monolithic active pixel sensor (MAPS) in novel 0.18 micrometer image-sensor technology (INMAPS) which has 100% fill factor for charged particle detection full electronics the pixel. The first test using this was received from manufacture July 2007. key component of INMAPS process is implementation deep p-well beneath circuits. A conventional MAPS design charged-particle imaging will experience charge sharing between collection diodes any PMOS devices...
A multi-level clocking scheme has been developed to improve the parallel CTE of four-phase CCDs by suppressing effects traps located in transport channel under barrier phases inverting one these throughout transfer sequence. In it was apparent that persistence following optical overload Euclid VIS detectors would lead undesirable signal released subsequent rows and frames a suitable for flushing this be required. With care, negatively biased electrodes during sequence can made pin entire...
JUICE, the Jupiter Icy Moon Explorer, is a European Space Agency L-class mission destined for Jovian system. Due launch in 2022, it will begin science phase after its transit to that include detailed investigations of three Galilean moons: Ganymede, Callisto and Europa. JUICE carry payloads characterise environments, divided into situ, geophysical remote sensing packages. A key instrument package JANUS, an optical camera operating over wavelength range 350 nm 1064 nm. JANUS be used study...
A new pinned photodiode (PPD) CMOS image sensor with reverse biased p-type substrate has been developed and characterized. The uses traditional PPDs one additional deep implantation step to suppress the parasitic currents, can be fully depleted. first prototypes have manufactured on an 18 µm thick, 1000 Ω·cm epitaxial silicon wafers using 180 nm PPD process. Both front-side illuminated (FSI) back-side (BSI) devices were in collaboration Teledyne e2v. characterization results from a number of...
A new pixel design using fully depleted pinned photodiode (PPD) in a 180-nm CMOS image sensor (CIS) process has been developed and the first experimental results from test chip are presented. The can be by means of reverse bias applied to substrate, principle operation is applicable very thick sensitive volumes. Additional n-type implants under in-pixel p-wells have added manufacturing order eliminate large parasitic substrate current that would otherwise present normal device. shows same...
THESEUS (Transient High Energy Sky & Early Universe Surveyor) is one of the three candidates for M5 mission European Space Agency. The favoured will be announced in 2021 an expected launch 2032. equipped with a Soft X-ray Imager (SXI) composed set two telescopes using micro-pore optics offering overall field view 0.5 sr (<2' accuracy) energies between 300 eV and 5 keV. focal plane each SXI telescope has 16 x cm<sup>2</sup> cooled detector area. However, limited radiator accommodation...
Even though the recent progress made in complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) image sensors (CIS) has enabled numerous applications affecting our daily lives, technology still relies on conventional methods such as antireflective coatings and ion-implanted back-surface field to reduce optical electrical losses resulting limited device performance. In this work, these are replaced with nanostructured surfaces atomic layer deposited surface passivation. The results show that...
Surface and bulk radiation damage effects on a two-phase charge-coupled device (CCD), operated in multipinned phase (MPP) mode have been evaluated. Two-phase CCD's are one of the candidates for application vertex detector future linear collider. Flat-band voltage shifts, dark current, current spikes, charge transfer efficiency (CTE) were studied devices subjected to irradiation with fluences reaching 4.3/spl times/10/sup 12/ electrons/cm/sup 2/ 8.9/spl 9/ neutrons/cm/sup 2/. An additional...
This paper investigates the performance of digital correlated double sampling (DCDS) for processing image sensor signals in presence white and 1/f noise. The DCDS is compared with dual slope integrator, which optimal analogue technique when only noise present. Based on concept matched filters, derives explores signal algorithms dominant noise, resulting highest achievable signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Experimental results based artificially generated are presented discussed, together...
A monolithic CMOS image sensor based on the pinned photodiode (PPD) and optimized for X-ray imaging in 300 eV to 5 keV energy range is described. Featuring 40 μm square pixels thick, high resistivity epitaxial silicon, fully depleted by reverse substrate bias. Backside illumination (BSI) processing has been used achieve QE, a dedicated pixel design developed low lag conversion gain. The sensor, called CIS221-X, manufactured 180 nm process three different 512×128-pixel arrays pitch, as well...
To extract the physics required at International Linear Collider, detectors will need a jet energy resolution of 30%/radicE (GeV). The most promising approach to reach that goal is use particle flow algorithms. Particle algorithms measure energies by combining both tracking and calorimeter information. This requires highly granular systems. For electromagnetic (ECAL) choice silicon-tungsten sampling calorimeters with readout. We propose Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors (MAPS) as sensor...
A Monte Carlo model based on the signal-dependent charge sharing mechanism during collection has been developed to explain nonlinearity of photon transfer curve (PTC) in image sensors. The is tracing individual electrons generated by Poisson-distributed photons and describes PTC as a process with sub-Poisson variance, an excellent qualitative agreement experimental data. new fitting formula proposed, considering this nonlinearity. fit data, does not require selection linear section data...
The noise performance of digital correlated double sampling (DCDS) for readout charge-coupled devices (CCDs) with dominant white is presented. trade-offs between analogue and signal filtering the impact on rate are investigated numerically simulated realistic systems. results can be used to select bandwidth, settling accuracy ADC optimal DCDS performance.
A single-photon CMOS image sensor design based on pinned photodiode (PPD) with multiple charge transfers and sampling is described. In the proposed pixel architecture, photogenerated signal sampled non-destructively times results are averaged. Each measurement statistically independent by averaging electronic readout noise reduced to a level where single photons can be distinguished reliably. using this method has been simulated in TCAD several layouts have generated for 180 nm process....
CIS221-X is a prototype complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor, optimized for soft x-ray astronomy and developed the proposed ESA Transient High Energy Sky Early Universe Surveyor (THESEUS) mission. The sensor features 40 μm pitch square pixels built on 35 thick, high-resistivity epitaxial silicon that fully depleted by reverse substrate bias. Backside illumination processing has been used to achieve high quantum efficiency, an optical light-blocking filter applied...
A front-illuminated development Euclid charge-coupled device (CCD) is tested to observe the CCD point-spread function (PSF) relative signal size using a single-pixel photon transfer curve (SP-PTC) technique. In process of generating SP-PTC charge redistribution effects were observed. attempting show that can be caused by exposing charge-populated well in array further illumination, excess became apparent recorded data. Excess suggested proportionally generated if existing subjected...
Electron Multiplying Charge Coupled Devices (EMCCDs) are a variant of traditional CCD technology well suited to applications that demand high speed operation in low light conditions. On-chip signal amplification allows the sensor effectively suppress noise introduced by readout electronics, permitting sub-electron read at MHz pixel rates. The devices have been subject many detailed studies concerning their operation, however there has not study into transfer and multiplication process within...
P-channel CCDs have been shown to display improved tolerance radiation-induced charge transfer inefficiency (CTI) when compared n-channel CCDs.However, the defect distribution formed during irradiation is expected be temperature dependent due differences in lattice energy caused by a change.This has tested through analysis of two p-channel e2v CCD204 devices, one irradiated at room and cryogenic (153K).Analysis performed using method single trap pumping.The dominant trapping defects these...
The Jovian system is the subject of study for Jupiter Icy Moon Explorer (JUICE), an ESA mission which planned to launch in 2022. scientific payload designed both characterisation magnetosphere and radiation environment local spacecraft, as well remote its satellites. A key instrument on JUICE high resolution wide angle camera, JANUS, whose main science goals include detailed phases three Galilean satellites, Ganymede, Callisto Europa, studies other moons, ring system, irregular