A5085852322- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Neonatal Respiratory Health Research
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Respiratory Support and Mechanisms
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Child and Adolescent Health
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Infant Development and Preterm Care
- Emergency and Acute Care Studies
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Lymphoma Diagnosis and Treatment
- Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Research
- Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Studies
- COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Neonatal and fetal brain pathology
- Hepatitis Viruses Studies and Epidemiology
- Chronic Disease Management Strategies
- Neonatal and Maternal Infections
- Neonatal skin health care
- Multidisciplinary Science and Engineering Research
- Environmental Justice and Health Disparities
- Health Policy Implementation Science
Murdoch Children's Research Institute
2015-2025
The University of Melbourne
1970-2023
Royal Children's Hospital
1970-2023
Prince of Wales Hospital
2023
The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
2017-2020
BackgroundThe indirect effects of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) are mediated through reductions in carriage vaccine serotypes. Data on PCVs Asia and the Pacific scarce. Fiji introduced ten-valent PCV (PCV10) 2012, with a schedule consisting three priming doses at 6, 10, 14 weeks age no booster dose (3 + 0 schedule) without catch-up. We investigated PCV10 introduction using cross-sectional nasopharyngeal surveys.MethodsWe did four annual surveys (one pre-PCV10 post-PCV10) greater...
Hypoxaemia is a common complication of pneumonia and major risk factor for death, but less known about hypoxaemia in other conditions. We evaluated the epidemiology oxygen use hospitalised neonates children Nigeria.We conducted prospective cohort study among (<15 years age) admitted to 12 secondary-level hospitals southwest Nigeria (November 2015-November 2017) using data extracted from clinical records (documented during routine care). report summary statistics on prevalence, use,...
Pneumococcal carriage is a prerequisite for disease, and underpins herd protection provided by pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs).There are few data on the impact of PCVs in lower income settings, particularly Asia.In 2013, Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) introduced 13-valent PCV (PCV13) as 3 + 0 schedule (doses at 6, 10 14 weeks age) with limited catch-up vaccination.We conducted two cross-sectional surveys (pre-and years post-PCV) to assess PCV13 nasopharyngeal 5-8 week old...
Improving oxygen systems may improve clinical outcomes for hospitalised children with acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI). This paper reports the effects of an improved system on mortality and practices in 12 general, paediatric, maternity hospitals southwest Nigeria.We conducted unblinded stepped-wedge cluster-randomised trial comparing three study periods: baseline (usual care), pulse oximetry introduction, stepped introduction a multifaceted system. We collected data from records all...
Pneumococcal carriage is a prerequisite for pneumococcal disease. Little known about whether social contact frequency and intensity are associated with carriage. In Fiji, indigenous iTaukei have higher prevalence of compared Fijians Indian Descent (FID). We hypothesised that differences may contribute to ethnic in density. 2015, young infants (5–8 weeks), toddlers (12–23 months), children (2–6 years), caregivers from Suva surrounding areas, participated cross-sectional survey (n = 2014),...
Pneumonia is the largest cause of child deaths in Papua New Guinea (PNG), and hypoxaemia major complication causing death childhood pneumonia, a factor from many other common conditions, including bronchiolitis, asthma, sepsis, malaria, trauma, perinatal problems, obstetric emergencies. A reliable source oxygen therapy can reduce mortality pneumonia by up to 35%. However, low middle income countries throughout world, improved systems have not been implemented at large scale remote, difficult...
Introduction Improving hospital oxygen systems can improve quality of care and reduce mortality for children, but we lack data on cost-effectiveness or sustainability. This study evaluated medium-term sustainability the Nigeria Oxygen Implementation programme. Methods Prospective follow-up a stepped-wedge trial involving 12 secondary-level hospitals. Cross-sectional facility assessment, clinical audit (January–March 2021), summary admission (January 2018–December 2020), programme cost data....
Nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) is a precursor to pneumococcal disease. Several host and environmental factors have been associated with carriage, however few studies examined the relationship between density. We sought identify risk for density using data from cross-sectional surveys conducted in Lao People's Democratic Republic before after introduction 13-valent conjugate vaccine (PCV13). swabs were collected infants aged 5–8 weeks old (n = 999)...
Background Pneumonia is the largest cause of child deaths in low-income countries. Lack availability oxygen small rural hospitals results avoidable and unnecessary unsafe referrals. Method We evaluated a programme for improving reliable therapy using concentrators, pulse oximeters sustainable solar power 38 remote health facilities nine provinces Papua New Guinea. The included quality improvement approach with training, identification gaps, problem solving corrective measures. Admissions...
BACKGROUND: Low birth weight and prematurity are associatedwith increased morbidity, mortality multiple short longtermcomplications, exerting impacts on the individual, thefamilies, community health care system. Fetal,maternal environmental factors have been associated with lowbirth prematurity, based primarily researches fromhigh-income countries. It is unknown whether these risk factorsare same in low middle income The aims of thisstudy to determine prevalence andprematurity Jimma...
Oxygen is a life-saving, essential medicine that important for the treatment of many common childhood conditions. Improved oxygen systems can reduce pneumonia mortality substantially. However, providing to children challenging, especially in small hospitals with weak infrastructure and low human resource capacity. This trial will evaluate implementation improved at secondary-level southwest Nigeria. The system includes: standardised equipment package; training clinical technical staff;...
Pneumonia and malaria are the leading causes of global childhood mortality. We describe clinical presentation children diagnosed with pneumonia and/or malaria, identify possible missed cases diagnostic predictors.Prospective cohort study involving (aged 28 days to 15 years) admitted 12 secondary-level hospitals in south-west Nigeria, from November 2015 October 2017. described on admission identified potential using WHO criteria. used logistic regression models associations between features...
Summary We report a single‐centre, randomized study evaluating the efficacy and safety of concurrent fludarabine, mitoxantrone, dexamethasone ( FND ) rituximab versus sequential followed by in 158 patients with advanced stage, previously untreated indolent lymphoma, enrolled between 1997 2002. Patients were to 6–8 cycles 6 monthly doses or given concurrently . All who achieved at least partial response received 12 months interferon IFN maintenance. Median ages 54 55 years. The two groups...
This study describes predictors of pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage and density in Fiji. We used data from four annual (2012–2015) cross-sectional surveys, pre- post-introduction ten-valent conjugate vaccine (PCV10) October 2012. Infants (5–8 weeks), toddlers (12–23 months), children (2–6 years), their caregivers participated. Pneumococci were detected quantified using lytA qPCR, with molecular serotyping by microarray. Logistic quantile regression to determine density, respectively....
Worldwide, most neonates who survive prematurity and serious illness reside in low-resource settings where developmental outcome data follow-up care are limited. This study aimed to assess Fiji, a Pacific setting, prevalence risk factors for moderate severe neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) early childhood among high-risk compared with controls. Retrospective cohort comparing long-term outcomes neonatal intensive unit patients (n=149) matched term, normal birth weight (n=147) discharged...
Facilitated implementation of nurse-initiated protocols to manage fever, hyperglycaemia (sugar) and swallowing difficulties (FeSS Protocols) in 19 Australian stroke units resulted reduced death dependency for patients. However, a significant gap remains translating this evidence-based care bundle protocol into standard practice Australia New Zealand. Facilitation is key component increasing implementation. its contribution evidence translation initiatives requires further investigation. We...
BackgroundCOVID-19 vaccine booster doses restore effectiveness lost from waning immunity and emerging variants. Fractional dosing may improve COVID-19 acceptability uptake will reduce the per-dose cost of programmes. We sought to quantify immunogenicity, reactogenicity, safety a half-dose BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) relative standard formulation.MethodsThis randomised, controlled, non-inferiority trial recruited adults in Mongolia primed with two-dose homologous ChAdOx1 nCov-19...
<h3>Importance</h3> Pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage is a prerequisite for pneumococcal disease. The main transmission route from toddlers, who commonly carry pneumococci. However, neonatal disease case reports suggest that vertical may also occur. <h3>Objective</h3> To describe and compare density by infant mode of delivery in young Fijian infants. <h3>Design, Setting, Participants</h3> Annual cross-sectional surveys were performed Suva, Fiji, before the introduction 10-valent conjugate...
7531 Background: Relapsed follicular lymphoma (FL) remains a challenge and salvage regimens are associated with toxicity limited control. Outcomes linked to the immune microenvironment lenalidomide rituximab highly active in FL. Obinutuzumab has increased ADCC compared preclinical models is approved for relapsed We hypothesized that immunologic properties of obinutuzumab would be synergistic. The study objective was determine MTD FL describe efficacy combination. Methods: This open label...