A5081604173- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Bacterial Infections and Vaccines
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Streptococcal Infections and Treatments
- Child and Adolescent Health
- COVID-19 Impact on Reproduction
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- Pediatric health and respiratory diseases
- Bacterial Identification and Susceptibility Testing
- Neonatal Respiratory Health Research
- Neonatal and Maternal Infections
- Immune responses and vaccinations
Murdoch Children's Research Institute
2013-2025
Royal Children's Hospital
2013-2024
Streptococcus pneumoniae is an important cause of infection and commonly colonizes the nasopharynx young children, along with other potentially pathogenic bacteria. The objectives this study were to estimate carriage prevalence S. pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Staphylococcus aureus in children Indonesia, examine interactions between these bacterial species. 302 healthy aged 12-24 months enrolled community health centers Bandung, Central Lombok, Padang regions....
BackgroundThe indirect effects of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) are mediated through reductions in carriage vaccine serotypes. Data on PCVs Asia and the Pacific scarce. Fiji introduced ten-valent PCV (PCV10) 2012, with a schedule consisting three priming doses at 6, 10, 14 weeks age no booster dose (3 + 0 schedule) without catch-up. We investigated PCV10 introduction using cross-sectional nasopharyngeal surveys.MethodsWe did four annual surveys (one pre-PCV10 post-PCV10) greater...
Pneumococcal carriage is a prerequisite for disease, and underpins herd protection provided by pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs).There are few data on the impact of PCVs in lower income settings, particularly Asia.In 2013, Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) introduced 13-valent PCV (PCV13) as 3 + 0 schedule (doses at 6, 10 14 weeks age) with limited catch-up vaccination.We conducted two cross-sectional surveys (pre-and years post-PCV) to assess PCV13 nasopharyngeal 5-8 week old...
(the pneumococcus) is a bacterial pathogen with the greatest burden of disease in Asia and Africa. The pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide has biological relevance as major virulence factor well public health importance it target for currently licensed vaccines. These vaccines have limited valency, covering up to 23 >100 known types (serotypes) higher valency development. Here, we characterized new serotype, which named 33G. We detected serotype 33G nasopharyngeal swabs (
Abstract Background Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) is a leading cause of community-acquired pneumonia. Pneumococci are categorised into serotypes, based on the type capsular polysaccharide produced, which has important implications for virulence, vaccine impact and global surveillance. Recently, we identified novel serotype, named 33G, that comprised an O-acetylated hexasaccharide repeat unit. In this study, report describe variants designated 33G-like, isolated from nasopharynx...
Nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae precedes disease, is the source pneumococcal community spread, and mechanism for herd protection provided by conjugate vaccines (PCVs). There are few PCV impact studies in low- middle-income countries, particularly Asia. In 2016, Mongolia introduced 13-valent (PCV13) a phased manner using 2 + 1 schedule, with catch-up. We aimed to assess PCV13 introduction on nasopharyngeal density children Mongolia.We conducted two cross-sectional surveys...
ABSTRACT Background Data available for RSV and influenza infections among children < 2 years in Mongolia are limited. We present data from four districts of Ulaanbaatar April 2015 to June 2021. Methods This study was nested an enhanced surveillance project evaluating pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) impact on the incidence hospitalized lower respiratory tract (LRTIs). Our restricted aged with arterial O saturation 93% radiological pneumonia. Nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs collected at...
Papua New Guinea (PNG) introduced the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in 2014, with administration at 1, 2, and 3 months of age. PCV13 has reduced or eliminated carriage types populations low prevalence, density serotype diversity. This study investigated impact on serotype-specific density, diversity PNG infants, who have some highest reported rates disease world. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected 4 9 age from PCV13-vaccinated infants (n = 57) age-/season-matched,...
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines (PCVs) have substantially reduced the burden of disease caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus). However, protection is limited to vaccine serotypes, and when administered children who are colonized with pneumococci at time vaccination, immune responses blunted. Here, we investigate potential a killed whole cell pneumococcal (WCV) reduce existing carriage mucosal given therapeutically infant mice pneumococci. We show that single dose WCV density...
Limited data from Asia are available on long-term effects of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introduction carriage. Here we assess the impact 13-valent (PCV13) nasopharyngeal carriage prevalence, density and antimicrobial resistance. Cross-sectional surveys were conducted pre-PCV13 (2015) post-PCV13 (2017 2022). Pneumococci detected quantified by real-time PCR swabs. DNA microarray was used for molecular serotyping to infer genetic lineage (Global Pneumococcal Sequence Cluster). The study...
As part of large on-going vaccine impact studies in Fiji and Mongolia, we identified 25/2750 (0.9%) nasopharyngeal swabs by microarray that were positive for Streptococcus pneumoniae contained pneumococci with a divergent 33F capsular polysaccharide locus (designated ‘33F-1’). We investigated the 33F-1 to better understand genetic variation its potential on serotyping results. Whole genome sequencing was conducted ten pneumococcal isolates. Initially, sequence reads used molecular PneumoCaT....
Introduction Empiric data on indirect (herd) effects of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) in settings with low or heterogeneous PCV coverage are limited. The PCV, which benefits both vaccinated and non-vaccinated individuals, mediated by reductions vaccine-type (VT) carriage (a prerequisite for disease). aim this study among hospitalised children Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) is to determine the effectiveness a 13-valent (PCV13) against VT nasopharyngeal (direct effects)...
Bacterial isolates are often transported between laboratories for research and diagnostic purposes. Silica desiccant packets (SDPs), which inexpensive do not require freezing, were evaluated storage recovery of bacterial isolates. Conditions such as inoculum size, swab type temperature investigated using ten Streptococcus pneumoniae The optimized protocol was then tested 49 additional S. representing 40 serogroups. Overall, growth considered satisfactory (>100 colony forming units) 98/109...
Abstract Populations affected by humanitarian crises likely experience high burdens of pneumococcal disease. Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage estimates are essential to understand transmission dynamics and the potential impact conjugate vaccines (PCV). Over 100 million people forcibly displaced worldwide, yet here we present only second for a population. In October 2019, conducted cross-sectional survey among internally (IDP) living in Digaale, permanent IDP camp Somaliland where PCV has...
<title>Abstract</title> Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) prevents disease by reducing nasopharyngeal carriage of disease-causing serotypes through direct immunisation and indirect community-wide effects. The extent effects in low-coverage, high-burden settings like Papua New Guinea (PNG) is unclear. From 2016-2019, we evaluated the impact PCV13 on vaccine-type pneumococcal among 1,214 children (0-59 months) with pneumonia or meningitis (cases) PNG. We assessed individual status,...
Abstract Background Populations affected by humanitarian crises likely experience high burdens of pneumococcal disease. Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage estimates are essential to understand transmission dynamics and the potential impact conjugate vaccines (PCV). Over 100 million people forcibly displaced worldwide, yet here we present only second for a population. Methods In October 2019, conducted cross-sectional survey among internally (IDP) living in Digaale, permanent IDP camp...
Background: Data on pneumococcal serotype changes in hospitalised children following conjugate vaccine (PCV) introduction low-middle income countries are limited. Mongolia introduced the 13-valent PCV (PCV13) into national immunisation programme from 2016. We measured effect of PCV13 nasopharyngeal carriage with pneumonia over a six-year period.Methods: Children aged 2-59 months (n=17,607) were enrolled during April 2015 to June 2021 four districts Ulaanbaatar. Nasopharyngeal swabs (n=6,545)...
BackgroundRecurrences of herpes simplex virus (HSV) in the orofacial region (herpes labialis or cold sores) impact quality-of-life. We aimed to study whether bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine can attenuate sore recurrences through off-target immunomodulatory effects.MethodsIn this nested randomised controlled trial within multicentre, phase 3 BRACE trial, 6828 healthcare workers were 36 sites Australia, Netherlands, Spain, United Kingdom and Brazil, receive BCG-Denmark no BCG (1:1 ratio...
ABSTRACT Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) is a human pathogen responsible for spectrum of diseases such as pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis. The capsule the major pneumococcal virulence factor encoded by capsular polysaccharide ( cps ) locus, recombination hot spot that has resulted in over 100 distinct types (serotypes) identified to date. Recently, 33X (also known 10X) was proposed putative novel serotype, but structure had not been elucidated. Here, we provide an in-depth...
Introduction Infections are a leading cause of neonatal mortality globally and can be transmitted from mother-to-child vertically or horizontally. Fiji has higher rates serious infections infant skin soft tissue (SSTIs) than high-income countries. Research the Gambia found that single dose oral azithromycin in labour decreased bacterial carriage mothers infants, particularly infections. The Bulabula MaPei clinical trial evaluates safety efficacy reducing incidence maternal SSTIs other impact...