A5048489056- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference
- Bacterial Infections and Vaccines
- Advanced Causal Inference Techniques
- Emergency and Acute Care Studies
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- Child and Adolescent Health
- Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials
- Hepatitis B Virus Studies
- Statistical Methods and Inference
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Cervical Cancer and HPV Research
- Neonatal Respiratory Health Research
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Hepatitis Viruses Studies and Epidemiology
- Infant Development and Preterm Care
- Rheumatoid Arthritis Research and Therapies
- Respiratory Support and Mechanisms
- Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Survey Methodology and Nonresponse
- Health disparities and outcomes
The University of Melbourne
2016-2025
Murdoch Children's Research Institute
2016-2025
Institut Pasteur in Ho Chi Minh City
2022-2024
Royal Children's Hospital
2015-2024
National Center for Communicable Diseases
2024
World Health Organization - Pakistan
2024
Duke-NUS Medical School
2024
Menzies School of Health Research
2024
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
2021-2024
Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences
2024
Multiple imputation has become very popular as a general-purpose method for handling missing data. The validity of multiple-imputation-based analyses relies on the use an appropriate model to impute values. Despite widespread multiple imputation, there are few guidelines available checking models.In this paper, we provide overview currently methods models. These include graphical checks and numerical summaries, well simulation-based such posterior predictive checking. techniques illustrated...
Although multiple cross-sectional and longitudinal studies have established that sleep problems behavioral difficulties are associated in children, the directionality of this association whether differentially with different types childhood unclear. Understanding these associations will inform focus timing interventions.
The prevalence of social media makes it a potential alternative to traditional offline methods recruiting and engaging participants in health research. Despite burgeoning use interest, few studies have rigorously evaluated its effectiveness feasibility terms recruitment rates costs, sample representativeness, retention.This study aimed determine the using Facebook recruit employed Australian parents an online survey about managing work family demands, specifically examine (1) costs; (2)...
BackgroundThe indirect effects of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) are mediated through reductions in carriage vaccine serotypes. Data on PCVs Asia and the Pacific scarce. Fiji introduced ten-valent PCV (PCV10) 2012, with a schedule consisting three priming doses at 6, 10, 14 weeks age no booster dose (3 + 0 schedule) without catch-up. We investigated PCV10 introduction using cross-sectional nasopharyngeal surveys.MethodsWe did four annual surveys (one pre-PCV10 post-PCV10) greater...
Poor participant engagement undermines individual and public health benefits of early intervention programs. This study assessed the extent to which three types (participant enrolment, retention involvement) were influenced by individual, program contextual factors. Data from a cluster randomised controlled trial (N = 1447) community-based parenting program, delivered at two levels intensity (group sessions with without individualised home coaching) conducted in Victoria, Australia....
Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) is a leading cause of pneumonia in children under 5 years age. Coinfection by pneumococci and respiratory viruses enhances disease severity. Little known about pneumococcal coinfections with syncytial virus (RSV). Here, we developed novel infant mouse model coinfection using mice (PVM), murine analogue RSV, to examine the dynamics upper tract, an anatomical niche that essential for host-to-host transmission progression disease. increased damage...
Nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) implemented to contain SARS-CoV-2 have decreased invasive pneumococcal disease. Previous studies proposed the decline is due reduced transmission or suppression of respiratory viruses, but mechanism remains unclear. We undertook a secondary analysis data collected from clinical trial evaluate impact NPIs on carriage and density, drivers disease, during COVID-19 pandemic in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Nasopharyngeal samples children aged 24 months were...
Pneumococcal carriage is a prerequisite for disease, and underpins herd protection provided by pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs).There are few data on the impact of PCVs in lower income settings, particularly Asia.In 2013, Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) introduced 13-valent PCV (PCV13) as 3 + 0 schedule (doses at 6, 10 14 weeks age) with limited catch-up vaccination.We conducted two cross-sectional surveys (pre-and years post-PCV) to assess PCV13 nasopharyngeal 5-8 week old...
Improving oxygen systems may improve clinical outcomes for hospitalised children with acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI). This paper reports the effects of an improved system on mortality and practices in 12 general, paediatric, maternity hospitals southwest Nigeria.We conducted unblinded stepped-wedge cluster-randomised trial comparing three study periods: baseline (usual care), pulse oximetry introduction, stepped introduction a multifaceted system. We collected data from records all...
Because booster doses of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) may be given at a similar time to yellow fever (YF), it is important assess the immune response YF when co-administered with PCV. This has been investigated during reduced-dose PCV trial in The Gambia. In this phase 4, parallel-group, cluster-randomized trial, healthy infants aged 0-10 weeks were randomly allocated receive either two-dose schedule PCV13 dose age 9 months (1 + 1 co-administration) or administered separately 10...
Multiple imputation is a popular method for handling missing data, with fully conditional specification (FCS) being one of the predominant approaches multivariable missingness. Unbiased estimation standard implementations multiple depends on assumptions concerning missingness mechanism (e.g. that data are "missing at random"). The plausibility these can only be assessed using subject-matter knowledge, and not alone. It therefore important to perform sensitivity analyses explore robustness...
Few data are available to support the choice between two currently pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs), ten-valent PCV (PCV10) and 13-valent (PCV13). Here we report a head-to-head comparison of immunogenicity reactogenicity PCV10 PCV13.In this parallel, open-label, randomised controlled trial, healthy infants from districts in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, were randomly allocated (in 3:3:5:4:5:4 ratio), with use computer-generated list, one six infant schedules: 3 + 1 (group A), 0 B), 2 C),...
Interest in reduced-dose pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) schedules is growing, but data on their ability to provide direct and indirect protection are scarce. We evaluated 1 + (at 2 months 12 months) 0 of PCV10 or PCV13 a predominately unvaccinated population.
The duration of antibody response following reduced human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine doses has not been determined. We compared the responses in girls previously vaccinated with zero, 1, 2, or 3 quadrivalent HPV (4vHPV; Gardasil, Merck) 6 years previously.A prospective cohort study was undertaken 200 Fijian 15-19 age. Approximately equal numbers from 2 main ethnic groups (Fijians Indian descent [FID] and Indigenous Fijians [iTaukei]) Fiji were recruited for each dosage groups. Blood drawn...
Abstract Multiple imputation is a recommended method for handling incomplete data problems. One of the barriers to its successful use breakdown multiple procedure, often due numerical problems with algorithms used within process. These frequently occur when models contain large numbers variables, especially popular approach multivariate by chained equations. This paper describes common causes failure procedure including perfect prediction and collinearity, focusing on issues using Stata...
Abstract Background Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV) effectively prevent pneumococcal disease but the global impact of vaccination is hampered by cost PCV. The relevance and feasibility trials reduced dose schedules greatest in middle- low-income countries, such as Gambia, where PCV has been introduced with good control transmission vaccine-type pneumococci persists. We are conducting a large cluster-randomised, non-inferiority, field trial an alternative schedule compared to standard...
Starting in June 2016, the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) was introduced into routine immunization program of Mongolia by using a 2+1 dosing schedule, phased district. We used prospective hospital surveillance to evaluate vaccine's effect on pneumonia incidence rates among children 2-59 months age over 6-year period. Of 17,607 with pneumonia, overall adjusted rate ratios showed decreased primary endpoint very severe and probable until 2021. Results excluding including...
Pneumococcal carriage is a prerequisite for pneumococcal disease. Little known about whether social contact frequency and intensity are associated with carriage. In Fiji, indigenous iTaukei have higher prevalence of compared Fijians Indian Descent (FID). We hypothesised that differences may contribute to ethnic in density. 2015, young infants (5–8 weeks), toddlers (12–23 months), children (2–6 years), caregivers from Suva surrounding areas, participated cross-sectional survey (n = 2014),...
Nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae precedes disease, is the source pneumococcal community spread, and mechanism for herd protection provided by conjugate vaccines (PCVs). There are few PCV impact studies in low- middle-income countries, particularly Asia. In 2016, Mongolia introduced 13-valent (PCV13) a phased manner using 2 + 1 schedule, with catch-up. We aimed to assess PCV13 introduction on nasopharyngeal density children Mongolia.We conducted two cross-sectional surveys...