A5064392700- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- Bacterial Infections and Vaccines
- Reproductive tract infections research
- Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Hepatitis B Virus Studies
- Child and Adolescent Health
- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Food Security and Health in Diverse Populations
- Immune responses and vaccinations
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Emergency and Acute Care Studies
- Cervical Cancer and HPV Research
- COVID-19 Impact on Reproduction
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Gestational Diabetes Research and Management
- COVID-19 and healthcare impacts
- SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- HIV-related health complications and treatments
Murdoch Children's Research Institute
2019-2025
The University of Melbourne
2019-2025
National Center for Communicable Diseases
2023-2024
Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences
2024
World Health Organization - Pakistan
2024
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
2024
National Health Laboratory Service
2014-2023
Royal Children's Hospital
2019-2023
University of the Witwatersrand
2008-2019
Faculty of Public Health
2015-2017
Increased morbidity and mortality from lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) has been suggested in HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) children; however, the contribution of viruses is unclear. We studied epidemiology LRTI hospitalization HIV-unexposed (HUU) HEU infants aged <6 months South Africa.We prospectively enrolled hospitalized with 4 provinces 2010 to 2013. Using polymerase chain reaction, nasopharyngeal aspirates were tested for 10 blood pneumococcal DNA. Incidence 2010-2011 was...
High antenatal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seroprevalence rates (∼ 30%) with low perinatal HIV transmission (2.5%), due to prevention of mother-to-child program improvements in South Africa, has resulted increasing numbers HIV-exposed but uninfected (HEU) children. We aimed describe the epidemiology invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) HEU infants.We conducted a cross-sectional study infants aged <1 year IPD enrolled national, laboratory-based surveillance for incidence estimations....
Data on risk factors for influenza-associated hospitalizations in low- and middle-income countries are limited.We conducted active syndromic surveillance hospitalized severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) outpatient influenza-like (ILI) 2 provinces of South Africa during 2012-2015. We compared the characteristics influenza-positive patients with SARI to those ILI identify associated disease requiring hospitalization, using unconditional logistic regression.During study period, influenza...
Abstract Background There is an ongoing need to assess the impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) guide use these potentially valuable but under-utilized against pneumonia, which one most common causes post-neonatal mortality. Methods We conducted a systematic review literature on PCV10 and PCV13 all-cause, radiologically confirmed severe pneumonia hospitalisation rates as well all-cause pneumonia-specific mortality rates. included studies that were published from 2003 onwards, had...
To assess the local and systemic safety of dapivirine vaginal gel vs. placebo as well absorption in healthy, HIV-negative women.Two prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase I/II studies were conducted at five research centers, four Africa one Belgium. A total 119 women used (concentrations 0.001, 0.002, 0.005, or 0.02%), 28 twice daily for 42 days. The primary endpoints colposcopic findings, adverse events, Division AIDS grade 3 4 laboratory values, plasma levels...
Data on the association between influenza and tuberculosis are limited. We describe characteristics of patients with laboratory-confirmed tuberculosis, tuberculosis-influenza co-infection.
Published data on the interaction between influenza and pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) are limited. We aimed to estimate influenza-associated mortality among individuals with PTB in South Africa from 1999-2009.We modelled excess by applying Poisson regression models monthly non-tuberculosis respiratory deaths, using laboratory-confirmed as a covariate.PTB deaths increased each winter, coinciding virus circulation. Among of any age, mean annual rate was 164/100,000 person-years (n = 439). The...
Introduction Meningitis is a major cause of mortality in southern Africa. We aimed to describe the aetiologies and frequencies laboratory-confirmed fungal bacterial meningitis among adults South African province with an 11% HIV prevalence, over 4 years. Methods conducted retrospective, observational study secondary laboratory data, extracted on all cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens submitted public-sector laboratories Gauteng from 2009 through 2012. calculated cause-specific incidence...
Abstract We estimated deaths attributable to influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) among persons >5 years of age in South Africa during 1998–2009 by applying regression models monthly laboratory surveillance data. Rates were expressed per 100,000 person-years. The mean annual number seasonal influenza–associated was 9,093 (rate 21.6). Persons >65 HIV-positive accounted for 50% (n = 4,552) 28% 2,564) overall influenza-associated deaths, respectively. In 2009, we 4,113 9.2)...
Introduction Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of severe bacterial infections globally. A full understanding the impact pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) on disease burden, following its introduction in 2009 South Africa, can support national policy PCV use and assist with decisions elsewhere. Methods We developed model to estimate burden disease, i.e. requiring hospitalisation, pre- (2005–2008) post-PCV (2012–2013) children aged 0–59 months Africa. estimated case numbers for...
Abstract Background Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) is a leading cause of community-acquired pneumonia. Pneumococci are categorised into serotypes, based on the type capsular polysaccharide produced, which has important implications for virulence, vaccine impact and global surveillance. Recently, we identified novel serotype, named 33G, that comprised an O-acetylated hexasaccharide repeat unit. In this study, report describe variants designated 33G-like, isolated from nasopharynx...
Background. Information on the mortality burden associated with seasonal and pandemic influenza virus infection among pregnant women is scarce in most settings, particularly sub-Saharan Africa where pregnancy maternal rates as well human immunodeficiency (HIV) prevalence are elevated.
Starting in June 2016, the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) was introduced into routine immunization program of Mongolia by using a 2+1 dosing schedule, phased district. We used prospective hospital surveillance to evaluate vaccine's effect on pneumonia incidence rates among children 2-59 months age over 6-year period. Of 17,607 with pneumonia, overall adjusted rate ratios showed decreased primary endpoint very severe and probable until 2021. Results excluding including...
Abstract The attributable fraction (AF) of influenza virus detection to illness has not been described for patients in different age groups or with HIV infection statuses. We compared the group–specific prevalence among influenza-like (ILI) severe acute chronic respiratory (SARI and SCRI, respectively) that controls, stratified by serostatus. overall AF was 92.6% ILI, 87.4% SARI, 86.2% SCRI. Among HIV-uninfected patients, all syndromes highest persons <1 >65 years lowest 25–44 age; this...
Background Understanding knowledge and sentiment toward influenza vaccination is important for effective health messages prevention strategies. We aimed to characterize knowledge, attitudes, practices surrounding illness in two South African communities explore reasons vaccine hesitancy. Methods Household primary caregivers Soweto Klerksdorp townships were interviewed about of intention receive an using a structured questionnaire. Factors associated with unwillingness explored multivariable...
To quantify the impact of change in definition severe pneumonia on documented burden.
Emerging observational evidence suggests a single-dose of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine may be protective against vaccine-targeted HPV infection and associated cervical dysplasia. We aimed to demonstrate whether single dose quadrivalent (4vHPV) was immunogenic reduced detection rates in young women Mongolia. also assessed knowledge attitudes regarding the vaccine.A retrospective paired cohort study undertaken evaluate effect 4vHPV, given at age 11-17 years 2012, on rates, when compared...