A5033509901- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- Bacterial Infections and Vaccines
- Fungal Infections and Studies
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
- Neonatal and Maternal Infections
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Parasites and Host Interactions
- Bacterial Identification and Susceptibility Testing
- Nail Diseases and Treatments
- Streptococcal Infections and Treatments
- Vector-Borne Animal Diseases
- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus
- Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment
- Reproductive tract infections research
- Child and Adolescent Health
National Health Laboratory Service
2016-2025
National Institute for Communicable Diseases
2012-2023
National Center for Communicable Diseases
2023
Hospital Universitario La Paz
2022
University of the Witwatersrand
2008-2016
Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital
2016
University of KwaZulu-Natal
2016
University of Limpopo
2016
Emory University
2016
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2016
In South Africa, a 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was introduced in 2009 with three-dose schedule for infants at 6, 14, and 36 weeks of age; 13-valent (PCV13) replaced PCV7 2011. 2012, it estimated that 81% 12-month-old children had received three doses vaccine. We assessed the effect vaccination on invasive disease.We conducted national, active, laboratory-based surveillance disease. calculated change incidence disease from prevaccine (baseline) period (2005 through 2008) to...
Background In South Africa, COVID-19 control measures to prevent SARS-CoV-2 spread were initiated on 16 March 2020. Such may also impact the of other pathogens, including influenza virus and respiratory syncytial (RSV) with implications for future annual epidemics expectations subsequent northern hemisphere winter. Methods We assessed detection RSV through facility-based syndromic surveillance adults children mild or severe illness in Africa from January October 2020, compared this data 2013...
High antenatal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seroprevalence rates (∼ 30%) with low perinatal HIV transmission (2.5%), due to prevention of mother-to-child program improvements in South Africa, has resulted increasing numbers HIV-exposed but uninfected (HEU) children. We aimed describe the epidemiology invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) HEU infants.We conducted a cross-sectional study infants aged <1 year IPD enrolled national, laboratory-based surveillance for incidence estimations....
Abstract Background We assessed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA shedding duration and magnitude among persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV, PLHIV). Methods From May through December 2020, we conducted a prospective cohort study at 20 hospitals in South Africa. Adults hospitalized symptomatic disease 2019 (COVID-19) were enrolled followed every days nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal (NP/OP) swabs until documentation of cessation SARS-CoV-2 (2...
Few population-level estimates of invasive neonatal infections have been reported from sub-Saharan Africa. We estimated the national incidence risk, aetiology, and pathogen antimicrobial susceptibility for culture-confirmed bloodstream meningitis in South
In South Africa, 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was introduced in 2009 and 13-valent PCV (PCV13) 2011, both a two plus one schedule. We evaluated the ongoing effects of on prevention invasive disease (IPD) over 15 years sustained surveillance Africa before COVID-19 pandemic.
We compared the epidemiology of laboratory-confirmed paediatric cryptococcal disease with adult-onset in South African population.The study was an active, prospective, population-based, laboratory-based surveillance Africa. cases cryptococcosis (<15 years) that were reported to programme between 1 January 2005 and 31 December 2007. The case definition based on a positive India ink test, antigen test or culture. Clinical data obtained at enhanced sites.Of 16,192 incident episodes Africa, 361...
The 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) was designed to include disease-causing serotypes that are important in low-income and middle-income countries. Vaccine effectiveness estimates scarce these settings. South Africa replaced PCV7 with PCV13 2011 using a 2 + 1 schedule. We aimed assess the of two or more doses against invasive disease children HIV infection those not infected HIV.Cases aged 5 years younger were identified through national laboratory-based surveillance....
A lack of surveillance and diagnostics for zoonotic diseases in rural human clinics limits clinical awareness these diseases. We assessed the prevalence nine pathogens a pastoral, low-income, HIV-endemic community bordering wildlife reserves South Africa. Two groups participants were included: malaria-negative acute febrile illness (AFI) patients, called febrilers, at three (n = 74) second, farmers, herders, veterinary staff found five government cattle dip-tanks, dip-tanksters 64). Blood...
IntroductionMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections are responsible for longer hospital stays, increased costs, and poorer outcomes compared to methicillin-sensitive S. (MSSA) infections. We aimed describe the epidemiology of bacteraemia (SAB) determine factors associated with MRSA infection in South Africa.MethodsCases SAB were reported from September 2012 2013 three sentinel sites. A case was defined as isolation a blood culture during 21-day period. Detailed clinical...
Background. Systemic disease due to shigellae is associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), malnutrition, and other immunosuppressed states. We examined the clinical microbiologic characteristics of systemic shigellosis in South Africa, where rates HIV infection are high. Methods. From 2003 2009, 429 cases invasive were identified through national laboratory-based surveillance. At selected sites, additional information was captured on serostatus outcome. Isolates serotyped...
Introduction Meningitis is a major cause of mortality in southern Africa. We aimed to describe the aetiologies and frequencies laboratory-confirmed fungal bacterial meningitis among adults South African province with an 11% HIV prevalence, over 4 years. Methods conducted retrospective, observational study secondary laboratory data, extracted on all cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens submitted public-sector laboratories Gauteng from 2009 through 2012. calculated cause-specific incidence...
A 2 + 1 seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine schedule is effective against vaccine-serotype invasive disease (IPD) in HIV-uninfected children and HIV-exposed but -uninfected all-serotype multidrug-resistant IPD children.
Introduction Streptococcus pneumoniae is the commonest cause of bacteremic pneumonia among HIV-infected persons. As more countries with high HIV prevalence are implementing infant pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) programs, we aimed to describe baseline clinical characteristics adult invasive disease (IPD) in pre-PCV era South Africa order interpret potential indirect effects following use. Methods National, active, laboratory-based surveillance for IPD was conducted from 1 January 2003...
Introduction Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of severe bacterial infections globally. A full understanding the impact pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) on disease burden, following its introduction in 2009 South Africa, can support national policy PCV use and assist with decisions elsewhere. Methods We developed model to estimate burden disease, i.e. requiring hospitalisation, pre- (2005–2008) post-PCV (2012–2013) children aged 0–59 months Africa. estimated case numbers for...
Surveillance with timely follow-up of diagnosed cases is a key component the malaria elimination strategy in South Africa. The requires each case to be reported within 24 hours, and should followed up 48 hours. However, reporting delays are common rural parts country. A technical framework was implemented for eight months nurse hired use smartphone report provincial control programme, from selected primary health care clinics rural, malaria-endemic area In addition, short text message (SMS)...
Among 5,043 invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) isolates identified through South African national surveillance from 2003 to 2007, we estimated the effect of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) prophylaxis on antimicrobial resistance. Patients TMP-SMX were more likely have a isolate nonsusceptible TMP-SMX, penicillin, and rifampin. nonsusceptibility was associated with erythromycin, rifampin multidrug This study informs empirical treatment suspected IPD in patients history use.
Abstract In South Africa, 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) was introduced in April 2009 and replaced with 13-valent PCV 2011. We describe the epidemiology of serotype 1 Streptococcus pneumoniae disease during pre- post-PCV eras (2003–2013). Using laboratory-based invasive (IPD) surveillance, we calculated annual incidences, identified IPD clusters, determined 1–associated factors. Of 46,483 cases, 4,544 (10%) were caused by 1. Two clusters infection detected 2003–2004 2008–2012,...
Abstract Background In sub-Saharan Africa, acute respiratory infections (ARI), gastrointestinal (GI) and febrile disease of unknown cause (AFDUC) have a large burden, especially among children, while respective aetiologies often remain unresolved. The need for robust infectious surveillance to detect emerging pathogens along with common human has been highlighted by the ongoing novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. African Network Improved Diagnostics, Epidemiology Management Common...