A5011584405- Immune responses and vaccinations
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Neonatal Respiratory Health Research
- COVID-19 Impact on Reproduction
- Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis
- Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders
- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Asthma and respiratory diseases
- Facial Nerve Paralysis Treatment and Research
- Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus
- Mycobacterium research and diagnosis
- Pharmaceutical studies and practices
- Antibiotics Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy
- Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation
- Infant Health and Development
- Infant Nutrition and Health
- Adolescent and Pediatric Healthcare
- Antibiotic Use and Resistance
- Infectious Diseases and Mycology
- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- COVID-19 diagnosis using AI
- Allergic Rhinitis and Sensitization
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- Pediatric health and respiratory diseases
Murdoch Children's Research Institute
2015-2024
Royal Children's Hospital
2015-2024
ORCID
2022
Biology of Infection
2021
Office of Infectious Diseases
2021
Parks Victoria
2018
The bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine has immunomodulatory "off-target" effects that have been hypothesized to protect against coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19).
BCG vaccination is associated with a reduction in all-cause infant mortality high-mortality settings. The underlying mechanisms remain uncertain, but long-term modulation of the innate immune response (trained immunity) may be involved.
BACKGROUND:In adults, continuous infusions of vancomycin (CIV) are associated with earlier attainment target drug concentrations, require fewer blood samples for monitoring, and may reduce toxicity. We aimed to determine, in young infants, if CIV or intermittent (IIV) better achieves concentrations at the first steady-state level compare frequency drug-related adverse effects.
BCG vaccination modulates immune responses to unrelated pathogens. This off-target effect could reduce the impact of emerging As a readily available, inexpensive intervention that has well-established safety profile, is good candidate for protecting healthcare workers (HCWs) and other vulnerable groups against COVID-19.
Bell’s palsy or acute idiopathic lower motor neurone facial paralysis is characterized by sudden onset weakness of the muscles to one side face controlled nerve. While there high level evidence in adults demonstrating an improvement rate complete recovery nerve function when treated with steroids compared placebo, similar studies on use children are not available. The aim this study assess utility a randomised placebo-controlled trial. We conducting randomised, triple-blinded, placebo trial...
Introduction BCG vaccination reduces all-cause infant mortality in high-mortality settings by more than can be attributed to protection against tuberculosis. This is proposed result from non-specific non-vaccine targeted (‘off-target’) infections. There also evidence that protects allergic diseases. Methods and analysis The Melbourne Infant Study: for Allergy Infection Reduction a phase III multicentre, single-blinded, randomised controlled trial. A total of 1438 healthy neonates will...
Background Accurately identifying COVID-19 episodes was crucial during the early pandemic for evaluating interventions. Results from diagnostic tools like PCR, rapid antigen test (RAT), and serology are affected by factors such as timing of tests vaccination status. The BRACE trial, which investigated impact BCG on prevalence among healthcare workers, developed a comprehensive algorithm integrating these illness episode classification. Methods In 3988 participants reported 5512...
BCG vaccination has beneficial nonspecific (heterologous) effects that protect against nonmycobacterial infections. We have previously reported at birth alters in vitro cytokine responses to heterologous stimulants the neonatal period. This study investigated 167 infants same trial 7 months after randomization.A whole-blood assay was used interrogate (killed pathogens) and Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands.Compared BCG-naive infants, BCG-vaccinated had increased production of interferon gamma...
The tuberculin skin test and interferon-gamma release assays have limitations in diagnosing tuberculosis (TB), particularly children. This study investigated the performance of candidate
Antibiotic exposure increases antimicrobial resistance and has also been associated with long-term harms, including allergies, inflammatory diseases weight gain. We assessed antibiotic in the first 2 years of life Australian children, factors influencing this its appropriateness.
Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination has beneficial off-target effects that may include protecting against non-mycobacterial infectious diseases. We aimed to determine whether neonatal BCG reduces lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) in infants the Melbourne Infant Study: for Allergy and Infection Reduction (MIS BAIR) trial.In this investigator-blinded trial, neonates Australia were randomized receive BCG-Denmark or no at birth. Episodes of LRTI determined by symptoms reported...
Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine could play a role in counteracting the rising prevalence of atopic diseases, through its beneficial off-target effects. We aimed to determine whether neonatal BCG vaccination reduces incidence eczema infants.Randomized controlled trial with 1272 infants allocated receive BCG-Denmark or no at birth. The primary outcome was 12-month based on 3-monthly questionnaires. Eczema also assessed clinic visit. ClinicalTrial.gov: NCT01906853.The 32.2% group compared...
Aim To determine the period prevalence and nature of complementary alternative medicine ( CAM ) use among paediatric emergency department ED patients perceptions administrators. Methods A survey was undertaken in four V ictorian EDs J anuary to S eptember 2013). convenience sample parents/carers accompanying completed a self‐administered questionnaire. The main outcome measures were . Results 883 participated. Three hundred eighty‐eight (43.9%, 95% confidence interval CI 40.6–47.3) 53 (6.0%,...
ABSTRACT Background The beneficial off‐target effects of Bacille Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccination potentially include protection against allergy. Objective In the MIS BAIR trial, we aimed to determine whether neonatal BCG reduces atopic sensitisation and clinical food allergy in infants. Methods this randomised controlled 1272 neonates were allocated BCG‐Denmark vaccine (0.05 mL intradermal dose) or no at birth. Randomisation was stratified by recruitment site, mode delivery plurality...
Aim The aetiology and clinical course of Bell's palsy may be different in paediatric adult patients. There is no randomised placebo controlled trial (RCT) to show effectiveness prednisolone for children. aim the study was assess current practice Australia New Zealand Emergency Departments (ED) determine feasibility conducting a multicentre RCT within Paediatric Research International Collaborative (PREDICT). Methods A retrospective analysis ED medical records children less than 18 years...
Background There is no standardized definition for infant eczema, and various tools have been used across studies, precluding direct comparison. Objective The aim of the study was to assess compare accuracy diagnostic eczema using extensive data collected in Melbourne Infant Study: BCG Allergy Infection Reduction (MIS BAIR), an prevention trial. Methods Eczema incidence assessed by 3 questionnaire-based measures: modified UK tool, parent-reported medically diagnosed use topical...
Abstract Background Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccination has off-target protective effects against infections unrelated to tuberculosis. Among these, murine and human studies suggest that BCG may protect malaria. We investigated whether influences neonatal in vitro cytokine responses Plasmodium falciparum . Blood samples were collected from 108 participants the Melbourne Infant Study for Allergy Infection Reduction (MIS BAIR) randomised controlled trial (Clinical trials registration...
BackgroundRecurrences of herpes simplex virus (HSV) in the orofacial region (herpes labialis or cold sores) impact quality-of-life. We aimed to study whether bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine can attenuate sore recurrences through off-target immunomodulatory effects.MethodsIn this nested randomised controlled trial within multicentre, phase 3 BRACE trial, 6828 healthcare workers were 36 sites Australia, Netherlands, Spain, United Kingdom and Brazil, receive BCG-Denmark no BCG (1:1 ratio...
Background This study aims to describe the use of a paediatric advice line (PAL) provided parents whose infants were recruited large randomised controlled trial (RCT), including number and types medical concerns addressed, seasonal variability call outcomes. Additionally, sociodemographic characteristics children those who used PAL are compared with did not. Methods Prospective cohort 1246 nested in Melbourne Infant Study: BCG for Allergy Infection Reduction (MIS BAIR) RCT. All MIS BAIR...