The taxonomy and biology of the immature stages two gelechiid species Thiotricha Meyrick, 1886, found in southeastern part Sino-Japanese region is presented. lumnitzeriella Kyaw, Ueda & Hirowatari sp. nov., from islands southwestern Japan described. larva this feeds as a portable case maker on Lumnitzera racemosa Willd. (Combretaceae). gemmulans 1931 originally described India newly recorded Japan, mainland China, Thailand. This Glochidion zeylanicum var. lanceolatum (Hayata) G....

The evolutionary stability of mutualisms is enhanced when partners possess mechanisms to prevent overexploitation by one another. In obligate pollination-seed consumption mutualisms, selective abortion flowers containing excessive eggs represents such mechanism, but empirical tests have long been limited the yucca-yucca moth mutualism. We present evidence for in recently discovered mutualism between Glochidion trees and Epicephala moths. acuminatum, proportion aborted progressively increased...

• Obligate mutualisms involving actively pollinating seed predators are among the most remarkable insect–plant relationships known, yet almost nothing is known about chemistry of pollinator attraction in these systems. The extreme species specificity observed may be maintained by specific chemical compounds through 'private channels'. Here, we tested this hypothesis using monoecious Breynia vitis-idaea and its host-specific Epicephala as a model. Headspace samples were collected from both...

Coevolved mutualisms often exhibit high levels of partner specificity. Obligate pollination mutualisms, such as the fig-fig wasp and yucca-yucca moth systems, represent remarkable examples highly species-specific associations; however, evolutionary processes underlying these patterns are poorly understood. The prevailing hypothesis suggests that degree specificity in pollinating seed parasites is fortuitous result specialization their ancestors because insects derived from endophytic...

Zoophilous flowers often transmit olfactory signals to attract pollinators. In plants with unisexual flowers, such are usually similar between the sexes because attraction of same animal both male and female is essential for conspecific pollen transfer. Here, we present a remarkable example sexual dimorphism in floral signal observed reproductively highly specialized clades tribe Phyllantheae (Phyllanthaceae). These pollinated by species-specific, seed-parasitic Epicephala moths...

Abstract Floral scents are among the key signals used by pollinators to navigate specific flowers. Thus, evolutionary changes in should have strong impacts on plant diversification, although scent‐mediated speciation through pollinator shifts has rarely been demonstrated, despite being likely. To examine whether and how may occurred, we investigated A simitellaria lineage using multidisciplinary approaches including observations, chemical analyses of floral scents, electroantennographic...

To compare effects of natalizumab on inflammatory and regulatory T cells with regard to expression α4-integrin (CD49d).Twenty-seven natalizumab-naive 8 natalizumab-treated patients multiple sclerosis (MS), 7 neuromyelitis optica (NMO) or NMO spectrum disorder, healthy controls were included. The positive rate CD49d was analyzed compared among helper 1 (Th1), 17 (Th17), (Treg) (CD49d+Th1, CD49d+Th17, CD49d+Treg, respectively).Natalizumab treatment increased ratios, CD49d+Th1/CD49d+Treg,...

Mutualisms are ubiquitous in nature, but constraints imposed by specialization may limit their ability to colonize novel environments synchronously. The of mutualisms reassemble following disturbance is central understanding response global change. Here, we demonstrate that a highly specialized pollination mutualism considered be obligate (Phyllanthaceae: Glochidion ; Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae: Epicephala ) has colonized some the world's most isolated archipelagoes, and record, our...

The Echiura, or spoon worms, are a group of marine most which live in burrows soft sediments. This annelid-like animal was once considered as separate phylum because the absence segmentation, although recent molecular analyses have placed it within annelids. In this study, we elucidate interfamily relationships echiuran worms and their evolutionary pattern feeding mode sexual dimorphism, by performing phylogenetic using four genes (18S, 28S, H3, COI) representatives all extant families. Our...

Abstract Many members of the family Thymelaeaceae are highly praised and economically important for production fragrant scent, but little is known about ecological significance their secondary metabolites. To explore potential role that metabolites play in pollination, we studied pollination systems five Diplomorpha species Japan by investigating floral morphology flower‐visiting insect fauna. We also analyzed composition temporal emission pattern volatiles one to determine if there were any...

Some glycosides, which are detected in water extracts from medicinal plants, have been reported to be degraded into their aglycones by incubating with some microorganisms producing β-glucosidase. We shown that a plant-derived Lactobacillus plantarum SN13T harbors 11 open reading frames (ORFs) encoding the β-glucosidase enzyme and can grow vigorously several herbal extracts. In this study, we observed extract Artemisia princeps Pampanini (AP) fermented strain strongly inhibited release of...

We treated eight patients with Kienböck's disease (two each stage 1, 2, 3a and 3b by Lichtman's classification) removing a pedicled, vascularised bone segment from the dorsal aspect of distal radius engrafting it into lunate. Additional shortening was performed in ulna-minus or null variant. Shortening capitate capito-hamate fusion were also 3 disease. All relieved their wrist pain at rest during movement, mean grip strength increased 37% that contralateral hand before surgery to 80% after...

Abstract Aim To determine whether a community of phytophagous insects on oceanic islands (the fauna feeding internally G lochidion trees in south‐eastern P olynesia) was assembled predominantly through niche conservatism or adaptive radiation. Location The olynesia (southern C ook, A ustral, S ociety, T uamotu‐ ambier and M arquesas archipelagos) the ook I slands F rench olynesia. Methods Internally were collected as larvae from 23 endemic species ( E uphorbiaceae s.l., hyllanthaceae:...

Nine sarcophagid larvae were found on the right eyelid, cornea, and bulbar conjunctiva of a debilitated patient in hospital Osaka, Japan. Inflammation eyelid conjunctival congestion, probably initiated or aggravated by larvae, found. The removed reared for accurate identification, and, basis characteristics 3rd instar adult flies, species was identified as Sarcophaga crassipalpis Macquart. This is report ophthalmomyiasis caused this facultative parasite human. Patients with diminished...

Abstract Despite its potential effectiveness for outcrossing, few examples of pollination via mushroom mimicry have been reported. This may be because the conditions under which strategy can evolve are limited and/or demonstrating it is challenging. Arisaema a plant genus that has suggested to adopt pollination, although no compelling evidence this yet demonstrated. Here, we report sikokianum utilizes mostly single obligate mycophagous flies ( Mycodrosophila ) as pollinators, and insect...

Abstract Aim Adaptation to local environments has been considered a driving force of ecological speciation. Previous phylogenetic studies at higher taxonomic levels have strongly suggested that herbivore diversification occurs through adaptation host plants. However, whether similar mechanisms contribute within‐species remains poorly understood. We reconstructed species expansion processes using the relationships between two Luehdorfia butterflies and their plants tested hypothesis during...

The treatment of rice seeds with avirulent strains Pseudomonas glumae significantly suppressed the incidence bacterial seedling rot caused by virulent strains. suppression varied depending on combinations and used. remarkable resulted use high concentration (ca. 1010cfu/ml) for pre-treatment. killed cells strain P. or other bacteria belonging to genus Agrobacterium, Erwinia, Bacillus Clavibacter tested did not suppress disease incidence. Of five used, N7503 was highest in incited Avirulent...

Abstract Why workers forfeit direct reproduction is a crucial question in eusocial evolution. Worker provides an excellent opportunity to understand the mechanism of kin conflict resolution between queen and workers. We evaluated behavioral physiological differences among females paper wasp Polistes chinensis antennalis examine why some reproduce under queenright conditions. Reproductive were old foraged less early season; their cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) profiles overlapped with those...

Abstract Many insect‐pollinated plants use floral scent signals to attract and guide the effective pollinators, temporal patterns of their emission may be tuned respond pollinator's activity pollination status. In intimate nursery mutualism between monoecious Glochidion trees (Phyllanthaceae) Epicephala moths (Gracillariidae), mediate species‐specific interactions influence moth's efficient pollen‐collecting pollen‐depositing behaviors on male female flowers, respectively. We tested...

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Abstract Three new species of L onchaeidae are described from material reared fig syconia in J apan: S ilba inubiwa sp. nov., . ishigaki nov. and japonica Based on the taxonomy these similar boundaries genus re‐evaluated, and, as a result, it is considered that etisquamalonchaea M orge synonymous with acquart. A revised key generic notes tribe onchaeini provided.