Codon usage biases are found in all eukaryotic and prokaryotic genomes have been proposed to regulate different aspects of translation process. optimality has shown elongation speed fungal systems, but its effect on animal systems is not clear. In this study, we used a Drosophila cell-free system directly compare the velocity mRNA elongation. Our results demonstrate that optimal synonymous codons up while non-optimal slow down translation. addition, codon regulates ribosome movement stalling...

Although lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) have shown great promise in biosensing and bioimaging owing to their excellent photophysical properties, researchers are facing a bottleneck of (UC) probes which is the limited signal-to-background ratio (SBR). Since UC nanoprobes basically constructed with luminescence resonance energy transfer (LRET) process provide "off–on" signals, SBR level principally decided by quenching efficiency very difficult further improve through...

Abstract Computational tool-assisted primer design for real-time reverse transcription (RT) PCR (qPCR) analysis largely ignores the sequence similarities between sequences of homologous genes in a plant genome. It can lead to false confidence quality designed primers, which sometimes results skipping optimization steps qPCR. However, qPCR parameters plays an essential role efficiency, specificity, and sensitivity each gene’s primers. Here, we proposed optimized approach sequentially...

Codon usage bias is a universal feature of eukaryotic and prokaryotic genomes plays an important role in regulating gene expression levels. A major codon thought to regulate protein levels by affecting mRNA translation efficiency, but the underlying mechanism unclear. By analyzing ribosome profiling results, here we showed that regulates elongation rate rare codons are decoded more slowly than common all families Neurospora. Rare resulted stalling manners both dependent independent sequence...

Significance Codon usage bias, the preference for certain synonymous codons, is a feature of all genomes and plays an important role in determining gene expression levels. Surprisingly, addition to its mRNA translation, codon was recently shown regulate at transcriptional level. In this study, our results suggest that influences transcription genome-wide independently effect on translation. By carrying out large-scale genetic screen, we identified 18 factors participating multiple regulatory...

Abstract Essential cellular functions require efficient production of many large proteins but synthesis encounters obstacles in cells. Translational control is mostly known to be regulated at the initiation step. Whether translation elongation process can feedback regulate efficiency unclear. Codon usage bias, a universal feature all genomes, plays an important role determining gene expression levels. Here, we discovered that there conserved codon usage-dependent genome-wide negative...

The early postnatal stage is a critical period for suckling animals in developing intestinal function and stabilizing gut microbiota.

Lactoferrin attenuated LPS-induced inflammatory responses<italic>via</italic>inhibiting NF-κB/MAPK pathways in IPEC-J2 cells.

Significance Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) methylates histones to regulate multicellular development, maintenance of stem cell identity, X-chromosome inactivation, and other important processes. Given these essential roles, there is significant interest in identifying components that function with PRC2 establish maintain transcriptionally repressive heterochromatin. Here we document an unexpected new role for a well-studied conserved chromatin remodeling factor, ISWI. We found the...

Abstract A secondary optimization technique was proposed to estimate the temperature-dependent thermal conductivity and absorption coefficient. In method, stochastic particle swarm applied solve inverse problem. The coupled radiation conduction problem solved in a 1D absorbing, emitting, but non-scattering slab exposed pulse laser. It is found that problem, temperature response highly sensitive slightly optical properties. On contrary, radiative intensity properties conductivity. Therefore,...

Codon usage bias is a universal feature of all genomes. Although codon has been shown to regulate mRNA and protein levels by influencing decay transcription in eukaryotes, little or no genome-wide correlations between are detected mammalian cells, raising doubt on the significance effect gene expression. Here we show that gene-specific regulation reduces correlations: Constitutively expressed genes exhibit much higher than differentially from fungi human cells. Using Drosophila S2 cells as...

The current study evaluated the effects of Xiao Yao San (XYS) on anxiety-like behaviors and sought to determine whether c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway is involved. A total 40 rats were divided into 5 groups (n=8): control group (deionized water, per os (p.o.)), model p.o.), SP600125 (surgery), se XYS (3.9 g/kg/d, p.o.). 1% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) citrate buffer solution (2 µL/ventricle/d) (10 µg/ventricle, 2 separately bilaterally injected two surgery via ventricular...

Bacterial leaf pustule (BLP), caused by Xanthornonas axonopodis pv. glycines (Xag), is a worldwide disease of soybean, particularly in warm and humid regions. To date, little known about the underlying molecular mechanisms BLP resistance. The only single recessive resistance gene rxp has not been functionally identified yet, even though genotypes carrying have widely used for breeding. Using linkage mapping recombinant inbred line (RIL) population against Xag strain Chinese C5, we that...

Bacterial blight caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycines (Psg) is a widespread foliar disease. Although four Resistance to glycinea (Rpg) 1 ~ 4 (Rpg1~4) genes that have been observed segregate in Mendelian pattern reported confer resistance Psg soybean, the genetic basis of quantitative bacterial soybean remains unclear. In present study, two association panels consisting 573 and 213 lines, respectively, were phenotyped multiple environments 2014 – 2016. Genome-wide study (GWAS)...

Traumatic ureteral injury is a rare and challenging condition of the urinary system. To summarize clinical features patients with traumatic examine literature on injuries from past 20 years. The data 30 in Peking University First Hospital, Beijing Jiangong as well Emergency General Hospital August 2015 to 2023 were retrospectively collected. characteristics, management strategies, follow-up outcomes analyzed, review years was conducted. types case series composed sharp injury, impact falling...

Iron deficiency is considered a common nutritional problem for suckling piglets. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects combination oral lactoferrin and iron injection on levels, antioxidant ability cytokine activity in A total sixty piglets taken from six sows (10 per litter) with similar parity were chosen. (LF) group orally administrated solution (0.5 g/kg body weight day) week, CON same dose physiological saline. Each piglet (all groups) given 100 mg dextran (FeDex) by...

Dispersion properties of photonic crystal fiber fused silica with hexagonally-arranged air holes in its cladding have been investigated by using the finite-difference beam propagation method. The dependence different PCF geometrical parameters namely air-hole diameter and pitch were carried out detail. numerical simulation results indicate that values dispersion monotonically reduce increase diameter, slope keep almost constant diameter. It is also reveal curve up shifted decrease value...

This study aimed to determine the effects of an early-life lactoferrin (LF) intervention on liver metabolism in suckling piglets. Sixty newborn piglets with average initial body weight (BW) 1.51 ± 0.05 kg were assigned a control (CON) group and LF group. At age 1 7 days, orally administered solution (0.5 g per BW daily), whereas CON same dose physiological saline. Plasma, jejunum samples collected days 8 21. The showed decreased plasma urea nitrogen level day increased albumin Pathway...

Camelina sativa is a self-pollinating and facultative outcrossing oilseed crop. Genetic engineering has been used to improve camelina yield potential for altered fatty acid composition, modified protein profiles, improved seed oil yield, enhanced drought resistance. The deployment of transgenic in the field posits high risks related introgression transgenes into non-transgenic wild relatives. Thus, effective bioconfinement strategies need be developed prevent pollen-mediated gene flow (PMGF)...

Humans and animals can achieve agile efficient movements because the muscle operate in different modes depending on its intrinsic mechanical properties. For bioinspired robotics prosthetics, it is highly desirable to have artificial actuators with muscle-like However, still remains a challenge realize both force-velocity force-length properties one single actuator simultaneously. This study presents soft actuator, named HimiSK (highly imitating skeletal muscle), designed by spatially...

The time to flowering (DF), pod beginning (DPB), seed formation (DSF), and maturity initiation (DMI) in soybean ( Glycine max [L.] Merr) are important characteristics of growth stage traits (GSTs) Chinese summer-sowing soybean, influenced by genetic as well environmental factors. To better understand the molecular mechanism underlying times GSTs, we investigated four GSTs 309 diverse accessions six different environments Best Linear Unbiased Prediction values. Furthermore, genome-wide...