Abstract Evidence suggests that brain insulin availability acutely modulates arterial baroreflex function. However, little is known about the impact of blocking receptor (IR) signaling on baroreflex. We hypothesized blockade IR in impairs Our hypothesis was tested using open‐loop analysis to evaluate two subsystems baroreflex: carotid sinus pressure (CSP)–sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) relationship (the neural arc) and SNA–arterial (AP) peripheral arc). In anesthetized healthy male rats,...

Persistent stressful situations can have detrimental cardiovascular effects; however, effects on the blood pressure (BP) response to exercise not been fully examined. This study investigated impact of a 2-week situation pressor response. Eight healthy male university paramedic trainees underwent hospital training and control period study. Pre- post-intervention, BP responses test (2-min submaximal isometric handgrip [IHG] followed by post-exercise muscle ischemia [PEMI]) cold (CPT) were...

Cardiovascular responses to exercise are exaggerated in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Enhanced sympathetic activation is thought play a role with the pressor reflex (EPR), originating contracting muscle, modulating this response. Previous studies suggest an overactive EPR CKD patients as indicated by muscle overactivation during static handgrip exercise. However, of could not be fully elucidated due experimental constraints inherent humans. The purpose study was specifically test...

Abstract Mechanical distortion of working skeletal muscle induces sympathoexcitation via thin fibre afferents, a reflex response known as the mechanoreflex. However, to date, receptor ion channels responsible for mechanotransduction in remain largely undetermined. Transient potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) is sense mechanical stimuli such shear stress or osmotic pressure various organs. It hypothesized that TRPV4 thin‐fibre primary afferents innervating involved mechanotransduction....

The exercise pressor reflex (EPR) is exaggerated in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but the underlying central nervous system aberrations have not been fully delineated. Stimulation of muscle afferents within working skeletal activates EPR, by sending information to neurons brainstem, where it integrated and results reflexively increased mean arterial pressure (MAP) sympathetic nerve activity. Brain insulin known regulate neural activity brainstem. We hypothesize that brain injection T2DM...

Systemic insulin administration evokes sympathoexcitatory actions, but the mechanisms underlying these observations are unknown. We reported that sensitizes response of thin-fibre primary afferents, as well dorsal root ganglion (DRG) subserves them, to mechanical stimuli. However, little is known about effects on neuronal responses chemical TRPV1, whose agonist capsaicin (CAP), widely expressed chemically sensitive metaboreceptors and/or nociceptors. The aim this investigation was determine...

Although widespread pain, such as fibromyalgia, is considered to have a central cause, peripheral input important. We used rat repeated cold stress (RCS) model with many characteristics common fibromyalgia and studied the possible involvement of decreased muscle pH in mechanical hyperalgesia. After 5-day RCS, muscular withdrawal threshold (MMWT) significantly. Subcutaneously injected specific inhibitor vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase), bafilomycin A1, reversed both changes almost completely. It...

The physiological roles of isoprene, which is one the many endogenous volatile organic compounds contained in exhaled breath, are not well understood. In recent years, isoprene has been associated with skeletal muscle. Some studies have suggested that muscle produces and/or stores some isoprene. However, evidence supporting this association remains sparse and inconclusive. Furthermore, aging may affect breath response because changes quantity quality. Therefore, we investigated between...

The various beneficial effects of the intake molecular hydrogen (H2) have been demonstrated in field sports science. Although supplementation H2 has reported to increase mitochondrial metabolism animal studies, administration on aerobic capacity during exercise humans are still not clear. We investigated whether a single or 2-week continuous H2-rich water (HW) enhanced incremental healthy humans. In this randomized, single-blinded, placebo-controlled experimental study, participants...

Aerobic exercise is widely accepted as a beneficial option for reducing fat in humans. Recently, it has been suggested that molecular hydrogen (H2) augments mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Therefore, the hypothesis inhaling H2 could facilitate lipid metabolism during aerobic was investigated current study by measuring breath acetone levels, which be used non-invasive indicators of metabolism. This aimed to investigate effect on output submaximal using randomized, single-blinded,...

Whey protein consumption is reported to reduce serum lipids, however the responses derived peptides have not yet been fully characterized. In this study, we evaluated effects of whey protein-hydrolyzed (WPP) on and hepatic lipid levels, as well lipogenic gene expression in SD rats consuming a high-sucrose AIN-76 based diet. After 14-day ad libitum diet containing WPP, triglycerides, total cholesterol levels were significantly decreased when compared with control group. A similar trend was...

Patients with type 2 diabetes display an exaggerated pressor response to exercise. However, evidence supporting the association between magnitude of exercise and insulin resistance-related factors including hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) or homeostatic model assessment resistance (HOMA-IR) in nondiabetic subjects has remained sparse inconclusive. Thus we investigated relationship cardiovascular responses healthy men (n = 23) women 22) above 60 yr old. We measured heart rate (HR) blood pressure (BP)...

Ischemic skeletal muscle conditions are known to augment exercise-induced increases in blood pressure (BP). Aging is also a factor that enhances the pressor response exercise. However, effects of aging on BP ischemic exercise remain unclear. We, therefore, tested hypothesis rhythmic handgrip (RHG) during postexercise ischemia (PEMI). We divided normotensive participants without cardiovascular diseases into three age groups: young (n = 26; age, 18–28 years), middle-aged 23; 35–59 and older...

Some researchers are concerned that exercise training with the blood flow restriction (BFR) technique induces an exaggeration in pressure response and potentiates adverse cardiovascular events. In present study, we demonstrate to arm-curl was intensified by BFR technique, degree of intensification associated a postexercise muscle ischemia elbow flexors, which elicit metaboreflex. Novelty: intensifies exercise, ischemia-induced

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in chronic kidney (CKD). While underlying mechanisms are not completely understood, elevated sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) and exercise intolerance thought to play an important role. In normal physiological conditions, modulation cardiovascular system during physical largely governed by a peripheral neural reflex originating contracting skeletal muscle, known as pressor (EPR). Pioneering work Park et al. demonstrated that CKD patients...

Amyloid β (Aβ) is well known to be a key trigger for the progression of Alzheimer's disease and dementia. Aβ forms oligomers that develop into amyloid plaques, causing neuronal death dysfunction. Aβ-induced dysfunction has been reported in peripheral neurons as brain. We previously transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) channels play an important role mechanical sensation sensory innervating skeletal muscle. However, date, it remains unclear whether modulates mechanosensation or...

The hallmark of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is systemic insulin resistance, where signaling impaired, blood glucose chronically elevated, and various pathophysiological processes ensue. Much known about the cardiovascular metabolic consequences T2DM. However, impact T2DM on autonomic nervous system function remains to be fully elucidated. Increasing evidence suggests that in both human animal models T2DM, exercise pressor reflex (EPR) abnormally augmented, characterized by heightened...

ABSTRACT Purpose Sleep deprivation and elevated blood pressure (BP) increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases. However, effects sleep on BP response, especially at exercise onset remain unclear. We aimed to elucidate experimental (ESD) resting BPs, including that onset, investigate whether a night-time nap during ESD changes ESD-altered BP. Methods Twelve healthy young men underwent 2-min submaximal isometric elbow flexion (IEF) measure after 7 days normal (control trial), 24-h (ESD with...

It is unclear whether blood flow restriction (BFR) accelerates the adaptation of time constant (τ) phase II oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]) kinetics in moderate-intensity exercise domain via aerobic training. Therefore, healthy participants underwent [45-60% [Formula: text] Reserve] cycle training with or without BFR (BFR group, n = 9; CON 9) for 8 weeks to evaluate during before (Pre) and after 4 (Mid) (Post) Both groups trained 30 min, 3 days weekly. was performed 5 min every 10 by...

Energy intake (EI) has been identified as a key factor of health controlled by exercise. Aerobic dance exercise (ADEX) is popular for fitness that one can enjoy. This present study aims to examine the influence ADEX on moods, appetite, and EI. Thirty-one young female college students completed two 1-h experimental conditions: sedentary (SED) followed an ad libitum lunch. Visual analog scales measurement salivary α-amylase activity were used assess fatigue, stress at pre act, post lunch,...