Gas-involving cancer theranostics have attracted considerable attention in recent years due to their high therapeutic efficacy and biosafety. We reviewed the significant advances development of stimuli-responsive gas releasing molecules (GRMs) nanogenerators for bioimaging, targeted controlled therapy, gas-sensitized synergistic therapy. focused on gases with known anticancer effects, such as oxygen (O2), carbon monoxide (CO), nitric oxide (NO), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), (H2), sulfur dioxide...

Synthetic micro/nanomotors have great potential in deep tissue imaging and vivo drug delivery because of their active motion ability. However, applying nanomotors with a size less than 100 nm to therapy is one the core changes this field. Herein, nanosized hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-driven Janus gold nanorod-platinum (JAuNR-Pt) nanomotor developed for enhancing second near-infrared region (NIR-II) photoacoustic (PA) tissues tumors effective tumor treatment. The JAuNR-Pt prepared by depositing...

Chemiluminescence (CL) with the elimination of excitation light and minimal autofluorescence interference has been wieldy applied in biosensing bioimaging. However, traditional emission CL probes was mainly range 400 to 650 nm, leading undesired resolution penetration a biological object. Therefore, it urgent develop molecules near-infrared window [NIR, including NIR-I (650 900 nm) near-infrared-II (900 1,700 nm)], coupled unique advantages long-time imaging, sensitive response, high at...

Manufacturing heteronanostructures with specific physicochemical characteristics and tightly controllable designs is very appealing. Herein, we reported NIR-II light-driven dual plasmonic (AuNR-SiO2-Cu7S4) antimicrobial nanomotors an intended Janus configuration through the overgrowth of copper-rich Cu7S4 nanocrystals at only one high-curvature site Au nanorods (Au NRs). These were applied for photoacoustic imaging (PAI)-guided synergistic photothermal photocatalytic treatment bacterial...

Excessive production of oxidative species alters the normal redox balance and leads to diseases, such as chronic inflammation cancer. Oxidative are short-lived species, which makes direct, precise, real-time measurements difficult. Herein, we report a novel core-satellite gold nanostructure for dual, ratiometric surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) photoacoustic (PA) imaging enable precise detection inflammation/cancer-related H2 O2 . The combination -activated second near-infrared...

We developed dual biologically responsive nanogapped gold nanoparticle vesicles loaded with immune inhibitor and carrying an anticancer polymeric prodrug for synergistic concurrent chemo-immunotherapy against primary metastatic tumors, along guided cargo release by photoacoustic (PA) imaging in the second near-infrared (NIR-II) window. The vesicle was prepared self-assembly of nanoparticles (AuNNPs) grafted poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) pH/GSH-responsive polyprodug...

Silver sulfide (Ag2S) has gained widespread attention in second near-infrared (950–1700 nm, NIR-II) window imaging because of its high fluorescence quantum yield and low toxicity. However, "always on" shows inapplicability for targeted molecule-activated biomedical applications. Herein, we first developed a novel silver/silver Janus nanoparticle (Ag/Ag2S JNP) specific activatable the NIR-II window. Inner-particle electron compensation from Ag to Ag2S upon laser irradiation endowed JNPs an...

Abstract Singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ) has a potent anticancer effect, but photosensitized generation of is inhibited by tumor hypoxia and limited light penetration depth. Despite the potential chemodynamic therapy (CDT) to circumvent these issues exploration ‐producing catalysts, engineering efficient CDT agents still formidable challenge since most catalysts require specific pH function become inactivated upon chelation glutathione (GSH). Herein, we present catalytic microenvironment‐tailored...

Fluorescence (FL) imaging in the second near-infrared window (NIR-II, 1000–1700 nm) has emerged as a promising bioimaging modality that enables noninvasive visualization of deep tissue with an unprecedented resolution. However, there is paucity studies on high-quality responsive NIR-II FL molecules. Herein we report novel activated molecule, 4,7-bis(5-(4-(diphenylamine)phenyl)-2-thiophene) [1,2,5]selenadiazolo[3,4-f]benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (SeTT), which exhibits fast and specific...

Fluorescence (FL) and photoacoustic (PA) imaging in the second near infrared window (NIR-II FL NIR-II PA) hold great promise for biomedical applications because of their non-invasive nature excellent spatial resolution properties.

Cu2+ is closely related to the occurrence and development of Wilson's disease (WD), quantitative detection various copper indicators (especially liver Cu2 urinary Cu2+) key step for early diagnosis WD in clinic. However, clinic approach was mainly based on testing tissue through combined invasive biopsy ICP-MS method, which painful patient limited determining status real-time. Herein, we rationally designed a type Cu2+-activated nanoprobe nanogapped gold nanoparticles (AuNNP)...

We have synthesized a PEGylated, phenylboronic acid modified L-DOPA pro-antioxidant (pPAD) that can self-assemble into nanoparticles (pPADN) for the loading of model glucocorticoid dexamethasone (Dex) through 1,3-diol/phenylboronic chemistry and hydrophobic interactions more effective treatment inflammation. Upon exposure to ROS, pPADN convert active form L-DOPA, cascade oxidative reactions transform it antioxidative melanin-like materials. Concomitantly, structural transformation triggers...

Abstract Detection of glutathione (GSH) in the body is essential to accurately map redox state cells and real‐time visualization physiological pathological conditions vivo. However, traditional fluorescence (FL) imaging near‐infrared I region (NIR‐I, 650–900 nm) difficult quantitively visualize GSH vivo due tissue autofluorescence background disastrous photon scattering. Herein, a NIR‐II b (1500–1700 nanoprobe consisting 4‐nitrophenol‐Cy7 (NPh) conjugated lanthanide‐based downconversion...

Abstract The therapeutic efficacy of natural killer (NK) cells‐based immunotherapy is greatly related with the survival transplanted NK cells. However, no effective strategy was reported to monitor cell viability in adoptive vivo. Herein, we develop a ratiometric NIR‐II fluorescence imaging quantitively track and visualize vivo real‐time. nanoprobe consists lanthanide‐based down‐conversion nanoparticles (DCNP) coated IR786s, reactive oxygen species (ROS) sensitive NIR dye, which directly...

Abstract To date, hydrogen (H 2 ) therapy has received widespread attention. However, X‐ray triggered sustainable H ‐producing materials with controlled release for cancer treatment have not been reported. Herein, an in situ producing platform, Au NR‐TiO @ZnS:Cu,Co‐A(Au‐TiO @ZnS), composed of Au‐amorphous TiO nano‐dumbbell‐shaped heterostructure coated long afterglow particles, was developed synergistic ‐radiotherapy. The mechanism production verified by theoretical calculations and vitro...

Abstract Janus nanogap gold nanoparticles (JAuNNPs) with varying proportions of Au shell coverage (ca. 100/75/50/25 %) are presented. The internal between the partial and core caused asymmetric optical behavior; tunability depends on degree structural asymmetry. shell‐to‐shell or core‐to‐core JAuNNDs(50 were self‐assembled from amphiphilic JAuNNPs(50 by tuning hydrophilic hydrophobic polymer brushes shell. positions electromagnetic field enhancement JAuNNDs varied geometrical configurations...

Cell survival rate determines engraftment efficiency in adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (ADSC)-based regenerative medicine. In vivo monitoring of ADSC viability to achieve effective tissue regeneration is a major challenge for therapy. Here, we developed an activated near-infrared II (NIR-II) fluorescent nanoparticle consisting lanthanide-based down-conversion nanoparticles (DCNPs) and IR786s (DCNP@IR786s) labeling real-time tracking vivo. dying ADSCs due excessive ROS generation,...

Radiotherapy (RT) is an effective and widely applied cancer treatment strategy in clinic. However, it usually suffers from radioresistance of tumor cells severs side effects excessive radiation dose. Therefore, highly significant to improve radiotherapeutic performance monitor real-time response, achieving precise safe RT. Herein, X-ray responsive radio-pharmaceutical molecule containing chemical radiosensitizers diselenide nitroimidazole (BBT-IR/Se-MN) reported. BBT-IR/Se-MN exhibits...

The permeability of the highly selective blood–brain barrier (BBB) to anticancer drugs and difficulties in defining deep tumor boundaries often reduce effectiveness glioma treatment. Thus, exploring combination multiple treatment modalities under guidance second-generation near-infrared (NIR-II) window fluorescence (FL) imaging is considered a strategic approach theranostics. Herein, hybrid X-ray-activated nanoprodrug was developed precisely visualize structural features microvasculature...

Chemiluminescence (CL) is a self-illuminating phenomenon fueled by chemical energy instead of extra excited light, which features superiority in sensitivity, signal-to-background ratios, and imaging depth. Strategies to synthesize CL emission unimolecular skeleton the second near-infrared window (NIR-II) probe with direct duplex NIR-II [CL/fluorescence (FL)] are lacking. Here, we employ modular synthesis routes construct series directly activated probes maximum wavelength up 1060 nm, use...

Abstract Excessive production of reactive oxygen species such as H 2 O is the pathological basis chronic inflammatory diseases, well bacterial infection‐induced inflammation. Therefore, in situ level a reliable biomarker responses, and its real‐time measurement can monitor disease progression improve therapeutic outcomes inflammation‐linked diseases. However, currently used strategies for diagnosis inflammation mainly through routine blood test, which are limited determining status cannot...

Biocompatible nano-antioxidants composed of natural molecules/materials, such as dopamine and melanin, are great interest for diverse biomedical applications. However, the lack understanding precise structure these biomaterials thus actual dose effective components impedes their advancement to translation. Herein, a strategy mimic in situ melanin formation explore its antioxidative applications is reported, by developing PEGylated, phenylboronic-acid-protected L-DOPA precursor (PAD) that can...