A5044730692- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare
- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Healthcare Systems and Reforms
- HIV/AIDS Impact and Responses
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- Antibiotic Use and Resistance
- Hepatitis Viruses Studies and Epidemiology
- Global Public Health Policies and Epidemiology
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Hepatitis B Virus Studies
- Global Health Care Issues
- Mining and Resource Management
- Health disparities and outcomes
- Occupational exposure and asthma
- Occupational Health and Safety Research
- Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis
- Bacterial Infections and Vaccines
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Public health and occupational medicine
- Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis
- Immune responses and vaccinations
- Pediatric health and respiratory diseases
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
2016-2025
Faculty of Public Health
2019-2025
University of Turin
2021-2022
Piedmont Reference Center for Epidemiology and Cancer Prevention
2022
Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
2021
University of London
2008-2019
Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia
2017
Wellcome Trust
2016
Imperial College London
2016
Prisma
2015-2016
Growing consensus indicates that progress in tuberculosis control the low- and middle-income world will require not only investment strengthening programs, diagnostics, treatment but also action on social determinants of tuberculosis. However, practical ideas for are scarcer than is notional support this idea. We developed a framework based recent World Health Organization Commission Social Determinants current understanding Interventions from outside health sector-specifically, protection...
Even when tuberculosis (TB) treatment is free, hidden costs incurred by patients and their households (TB-affected households) may worsen poverty health. Extreme TB-associated have been termed "catastrophic" but are poorly defined. We studied TB-affected households' association with adverse TB outcome to create a clinically relevant definition of catastrophic costs.From 26 October 2002 30 November 2009, (n = 876, 11% multi-drug-resistant [MDR] TB) healthy controls 487) were recruited...
Conditional cash transfer (CCT) programs have been implemented globally to alleviate poverty. Although tuberculosis (TB) is closely linked poverty, the effects of CCT on TB outcomes among populations facing social and economic vulnerabilities remain uncertain. Here we estimated associations between participation in world's largest program, Brazilian Bolsa Família Program (BFP), reduction incidence, mortality case-fatality rates using nationwide 100 Million Cohort 2004 2015. We also evaluated...
The conflict in Darfur, Sudan, was responsible for the displacement of 1.8 million civilians. We investigated a large outbreak hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection Mornay camp (78,800 inhabitants) western Darfur.To describe outbreak, we used clinical and demographic information from cases recorded at between 26 July 31 December 2004. conducted case-cohort study retrospective cohort to identify risk factors asymptomatic E, respectively. collected stool serum samples animals performed...
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) causes acute onset of jaundice and a high case-fatality ratio in pregnant women. We provide clinical description hospitalized case patients assess the specific impact on women during large epidemic HEV infection displaced population Mornay camp (78,800 inhabitants), western Darfur, Sudan.We reviewed hospital records. A sample 20 cases underwent laboratory confirmation. These were tested for immunoglobulin G (IgG) M (IgM) antibody to (serum) amplification genome (serum...
BackgroundThe post-2015 End TB Strategy proposes targets of 50% reduction in tuberculosis incidence and 75% mortality from by 2025. We aimed to assess whether these are feasible three high-burden countries with contrasting epidemiology previous programmatic achievements.Methods11 independently developed mathematical models transmission projected the epidemiological impact currently available interventions for prevention, diagnosis, treatment China, India, South Africa. Models were calibrated...
BackgroundThe End TB Strategy and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are intimately linked by their common targets approaches. SDG 1 aims to end extreme poverty expand social protection coverage 2030. Achievement of is likely affect tuberculosis epidemic through a range pathways. We estimate reduction in global incidence that could be obtained reaching 1.MethodsWe developed conceptual framework linking key indicators progress via well described risk factor pathways populated it with...
Despite the efforts of National Tuberculosis Programme, TB cure rates in Brazil are sub-optimal. The End Strategy for post-2015 identifies conditional cash transfer interventions as powerful tools to improve control indicators, including rate. This study aims inform new policy by evaluating role Bolsa Familia Programme (BFP), one largest programmes world, on Brazil.We undertook a retrospective cohort study, based an unprecedented record linkage socioeconomic and health data, compare cases...
MethodsThe study evaluated the impact of a socioeconomic support intervention -described in Box 1 -in 32 contiguous shanty towns Callao, Peru, northern, coastal extension Objective To evaluate on tuberculosis preventive therapy initiation household contacts patients and treatment success patients.Methods A non-blinded, household-randomized, controlled was performed between February 2014 June 2015 Peru.It included being treated for their contacts.Households were randomly assigned to either...
BackgroundThe post-2015 End TB Strategy sets global targets of reducing tuberculosis incidence by 50% and mortality 75% 2025. We aimed to assess resource requirements cost-effectiveness strategies achieve these in China, India, South Africa.MethodsWe examined intervention scenarios developed consultation with country stakeholders, which scaled up existing interventions high but feasible coverage Nine independent modelling groups collaborated estimate policy outcomes, we estimated the cost...
Background Although historically tuberculosis (TB) has been associated with poverty, few analytical studies from developing countries have tried to: 1. assess the relative impact of poverty on TB after emergence HIV; 2. explore causal mechanism underlying this association; and 3. estimate how many cases could be prevented by improving household socioeconomic position (SEP). Methods Findings We undertook a case-control study nested within population-based HIV prevalence survey conducted in...
Poverty drives tuberculosis (TB) rates but the approach to TB control has been disproportionately biomedical. In 2015, World Health Organization's End Strategy explicitly identified need address social determinants of through socio-economic interventions. However, evidence concerning poverty reduction and cost mitigation strategies is limited. The research described in this article, based on 2016 Royal College Physicians Linacre Lecture, aimed knowledge gap. was divided into two phases:...
The End TB Strategy mandates that no tuberculosis (TB)-affected households face catastrophic costs due to TB. However, evidence is limited evaluate socioeconomic support achieve this change in policy and practice. objective of the present study was investigate economic effects a TB-specific intervention. setting 32 shantytown communities Peru. participants were from consecutive patients throughout treatment administered by national programme. intervention consisted social through household...
To evaluate the impact of Brazilian cash transfer programme (Bolsa Família Programme, BFP) on tuberculosis (TB) incidence in Brazil from 2004 to 2012.We studied surveillance data using a combination an ecological multiple-group and time-trend design covering 2458 municipalities. The main independent variable was BFP coverage outcome TB rate. All study variables were obtained national databases. We used fixed-effects negative binomial models for panel adjusted selected covariates representing...
Tuberculosis (TB) is known as a disease of the poor. Despite TB diagnosis and care usually being offered for free, patients can still face substantial costs, especially in context multi-drug resistance (MDR). The End Strategy calls zero TB-affected families incurring 'catastrophic' costs due to by 2025. This paper examines, MDR status, level composition incurred households during seeking treatment; assesses affordability using catastrophic impoverishment measures; describes coping strategies...
Evidence suggests that social protection policies such as Brazil's Bolsa Família Programme (BFP), a governmental conditional cash transfer, may play role in tuberculosis (TB) elimination. However, study limitations hamper conclusions. This paper uses quasi-experimental approach to more rigorously evaluate the effect of BFP on TB treatment success rate.Propensity scores were estimated from complete-case logistic regression using covariates linked data set, including notification system...