A5022491809- Healthcare Systems and Reforms
- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
- HIV/AIDS Impact and Responses
- Global Health and Epidemiology
- Global Health Care Issues
- Cardiovascular Syncope and Autonomic Disorders
- Primary Care and Health Outcomes
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Chronic Disease Management Strategies
- Healthcare Policy and Management
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis
- Cardiac Arrhythmias and Treatments
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Healthcare cost, quality, practices
- Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy
- Mycobacterium research and diagnosis
- Cardiac pacing and defibrillation studies
- Data-Driven Disease Surveillance
- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare
- Emergency and Acute Care Studies
World Health Organization
2014-2024
World Health Organization Regional Office for the Americas
2024
World Health Organization - Pakistan
2021-2024
Boston University
2023
Universitat Pompeu Fabra
2011
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) (resistance to at least isoniazid and rifampicin) will influence the future of global TB control. 88% estimated MDR-TB cases occur in middle- or high-income countries, 60% Brazil, China, India, Russian Federation South Africa. The World Health Organization collects country data annually monitor response MDR-TB. Notification, treatment enrolment outcome were summarised for 30 accounting >90% among notified worldwide. In 2012, a median 14%...
Tuberculosis (TB) is preventable and curable but eliminating it has proven challenging. Safe effective TB vaccines that can rapidly reduce disease burden are essential for achieving elimination. We assessed future costs, cost-savings, cost-effectiveness of introducing novel in low- middle-income countries (LMICs) a range product characteristics delivery strategies.
BackgroundThe post-2015 End TB Strategy sets global targets of reducing tuberculosis incidence by 50% and mortality 75% 2025. We aimed to assess resource requirements cost-effectiveness strategies achieve these in China, India, South Africa.MethodsWe examined intervention scenarios developed consultation with country stakeholders, which scaled up existing interventions high but feasible coverage Nine independent modelling groups collaborated estimate policy outcomes, we estimated the cost...
Progress towards ending tuberculosis (TB) in Viet Nam includes monitoring the costs borne by patients through periodic facility-based surveys.To document magnitude of incurred TB-affected households and establish a baseline for top End TB indicator Nam.A national survey with retrospective data collection projection among 735 participants 20 stratified clusters was conducted 2016. Each patient interviewed on costs, time loss, coping measures asset ownership. Total were expressed as proportion...
Abstract Background Tuberculosis (TB) patients in Uganda incur large costs related to the illness, and while seeking receiving health care. Such create access adherence barriers which affect outcomes increase transmission of disease. The study ascertained proportion Ugandan TB affected households incurring catastrophic main cost drivers. Methods A cross-sectional survey with retrospective data collection projections was conducted 2017. total 1178 drug resistant (DR) (44) sensitive (DS)...
The economic burden on households affected by tuberculosis through costs to patients can be catastrophic. WHO's End TB Strategy recognises and aims eliminate these potentially devastating effects. We assessed whether aggressive expansion of services might reduce catastrophic costs.We estimated the reduction in tuberculosis-related with an India South Africa from 2016 2035, line Strategy. Using modelled incidence mortality for patient-incurred cost estimates, we investigated three...
Maximising the efficiency of national tuberculosis programmes is key to improving service coverage, outcomes, and progress towards End TB targets. We aimed determine overall spending investigate associated factors in 121 low-income middle-income countries between 2010 2019.In this data envelopment stochastic frontier analysis, we used from WHO Global report series on as input treatment coverage output estimate efficiency. investigated associations 25 independent variables efficiency.We...
Background One of the three main targets World Health Organization (WHO) End TB Strategy (2015-2035) is that no tuberculosis (TB) patients or their households face catastrophic costs (defined as exceeding 20% annual household income) because disease. Our study seeks to determine, a baseline, magnitude and drivers associated with disease for monitor proportion experiencing in Brazil. Methods A national cross-sectional cluster-based survey was conducted Brazil 2019-2021 following WHO...
One in two patients developing tuberculosis (TB) low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) faces catastrophic household costs. We assessed the potential financial risk protection from introducing novel TB vaccines, how health economic benefits would be distributed across income quintiles.
BackgroundEstimates of government spending and development assistance for tuberculosis exist, but less is known about out-of-pocket prepaid private spending. We aimed to provide comprehensive estimates total on in low-income middle-income countries 2000–17.MethodsWe extracted data spending, unit costs, health-care use from the WHO global database, Global Fund proposals reports, National Health Accounts, WHO-Choosing Interventions that are Cost-Effective project Institute Metrics Evaluation...
To estimate the baseline to measure one of three indicators World Health Organization (WHO) End TB strategy (2015-2035), costs incurred by patients affected tuberculosis (TB) during a treatment episode and proportion households facing catastrophic (CC) associated risk factors, in Colombia, 2021.
The 2018 United Nations High-Level Meeting on Tuberculosis (UNHLM) set targets for case detection and TB preventive treatment (TPT) by 2022. However, the start of 2022, about 13.7 million patients still needed to be detected treated, 21.8 household contacts given TPT globally. To inform future target setting, we examined how UNHLM could have been achieved using WHO-recommended interventions in 33 high-TB burden countries final year period covered targets. We used OneHealth-TIME model outputs...
BACKGROUND: The reduction of Kenya´s TB burden requires improving resource allocation both to and within the National TB, Leprosy Lung Disease Program (NTLD-P). We aimed estimate unit costs services for budgeting by NTLD-P, allocative efficiency analyses future Strategic Plan (NSP) costing. METHODS: estimated all interventions in a sample 20 public private health facilities from eight counties. calculated national-level provider´s perspective using bottom-up (BU) top-down (TD) approaches...
Summary Background Closing the tuberculosis diagnostic gap and scaling-up preventive treatment (TPT) are two major global priorities to end epidemic. To help support these efforts, we modeled impact return-on-investment (ROI) of a comprehensive intervention improve screening prevention in Brazil, Georgia, Kenya, South Africa—four distinct epidemiological settings. Methods We worked with national programmes (NTP) each country define set interventions (“the package”) related TPT three priority...
Tuberculosis (TB) causes an economic impact on the patients and their households. Although Thailand has expanded national health benefit package for TB treatment, there was no data out-of-pocket payments income losses due to from household perspectives. This patient cost survey conducted examine TB-related burden, assess proportion of households facing catastrophic total costs because disease. A cross-sectional employed following WHO methods. Structured interviews with a paper-based...
BACKGROUND: The Democratic Republic of Congo´s free TB care policy and recent progress with universal health coverage are insufficient to remove barriers access adherence. As there were no nationally representative data on the economic burden borne by patients, programme conducted a national survey assess proportion patients facing catastrophic costs, which could also serve as baseline for monitoring progress.METHODS: A retrospective collection projection, following WHO methods, was...
BACKGROUND: Patient-centred care along with optimal financing of inpatient and outpatient services are the main priorities Georgia National TB Programme (NTP). This paper presents diagnostics treatment unit cost, their comparison NTP tariffs how study findings informed policy. METHODS: Top-down (TD) bottom-up (BU) mean costs for interventions by episode were calculated. TD compared tariffs, variations in these cost composition between public private facilities was assessed. RESULTS:...
Background: One in two patients developing tuberculosis (TB) low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) faces catastrophic household costs. We assessed the potential financial risk protection from introducing novel TB vaccines, how health economic benefits would be distributed across income quintiles. Methods: modelled impact of vaccines meeting WHO preferred product characteristics 105 LMICs. For each country, we distribution gains, patient costs, vulnerability following introduction an...
<b>Introduction:</b> Tuberculosis (TB) patients often incur catastrophic costs related to illness, as well seeking and receiving health care. Such can create access adherence barriers which affect outcomes increase risk of transmission disease. While out-of-pocket medical expenditures are important, lost income is the dominant contributor economic hardship. We assessed prevalence drivers total (indirect direct combined) due TB in Uganda. <b>Methods:</b> interviewed 1,181 participants with...