A5017738583- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Bacterial Infections and Vaccines
- Streptococcal Infections and Treatments
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Infective Endocarditis Diagnosis and Management
- Emergency and Acute Care Studies
- Neonatal and Maternal Infections
- Tracheal and airway disorders
- Pediatric health and respiratory diseases
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment
- Reproductive tract infections research
- Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus
- Gallbladder and Bile Duct Disorders
- Complement system in diseases
- Infection Control and Ventilation
- Viral Infections and Immunology Research
- Microbial infections and disease research
- Ear Surgery and Otitis Media
- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Pleural and Pulmonary Diseases
Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare
2010-2024
National Institutes of Health
2009-2012
Public Health Institute
2003
Both temperature and humidity may independently or jointly contribute to the risk of influenza infections. We examined relations between level decrease temperature, A B virus infections in a subarctic climate.We conducted case-crossover study among military conscripts (n = 892) seeking medical attention due respiratory symptoms during their training period identified 66 cases by PCR serology. Meteorological data such as measures average decline ambient absolute (AH) three preceding days...
We investigated the genetic relationships between serotypeable pneumococci and nonserotypeable presumptive using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) partial sequencing of pneumolysin gene (ply). Among 121 from Finland, we identified isolates three classes: those with types (STs) identical to pneumococci, suggesting authentic in which capsular expression had been downregulated or lost; that clustered among on a tree based concatenated sequences MLST loci but STs differed database; more diverse...
We report an investigation for 16 bacteria and viruses among 184 children hospitalized with pneumonia in Salvador, Brazil. Etiology was established 144 (78%) cases. Viral, bacterial, mixed infections were found 110 (60%), 77 (42%), 52 (28%) patients, respectively. Rhinovirus (21%) Streptococcus pneumoniae the most common pathogens. Our results demonstrate importance of viral pneumococcal those patients.
Both temperature and humidity may independently or jointly contribute to the risk of human rhinovirus (HRV) infections, either through altered survival spread viruses in environment due changes host susceptibility. This study examined relationship between short-term variations HRV infections a subarctic climate. We conducted case-crossover among conscripts (n = 892) seeking medical attention respiratory symptoms during their military training identified 147 cases by real-time PCR. An average...
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a common cause of morbidity among children. Evidence on seasonality, especially the frequency viral and bacterial causative agents scarce; such information may be useful in an era changing climate conditions worldwide. To analyze distinct infections, meteorological indicators seasons children hospitalized for CAP Salvador, Brazil, nasopharyngeal aspirate blood were collected from 184 patients aged <5 y over 21-month period. Fourteen microbes investigated...
Background: Children frequently carry Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) in their nasopharynx, even when healthy. Lower carriage rates have been reported adults and only sparse data are available for the elderly. We sampled healthy elderly subjects nasopharyngeal to assess prevalence of pneumococcal using various assays. Methods: A deep swab sample was taken from 590 aged ≥ 65 y. The samples were stored STGG (skim milk–tryptone–glucose–glycerol) medium cultured directly after incubation...
ABSTRACT Streptococcus pneumoniae strains which fail to produce a polysaccharide capsule are commonly isolated from carriage and disease contexts. Here we use multilocus approach distinguish genuine nontypeable pneumococci closely related streptococcal isolates in data set of 121 untypeable nasopharyngeal swabs middle ear fluid Finnish children demonstrate that 70 these belong pneumococcal lineage has lost its capsular locus. Strains this relatively old include sequence types 344, 448, 449....
Abstract Introduction: The aim was to investigate the prevalence of oropharyngeal carriage Streptococcus pneumoniae , Haemophilus influenzae Moraxella catarrhalis Neisseria meningitidis and beta‐haemolytic streptococci among asthmatic non‐asthmatic young Finnish men identify putative risk factors. Objectives: A total 224 asthmatics 668 (mean age 19.6 years) from two intakes conscripts Kainuu Brigade, Finland in July 2004 January 2005 were enrolled upon entering military service. Methods:...
Empirical antibiotic use is prescribed in managing children with pneumonia worldwide. We assessed the usefulness of procalcitonin (PCT) and interferon-alpha (IFN-α) differentiating viral from bacterial pneumonia. Among 159 hospitalized children, was diagnosed based on clinical complaints plus pulmonary infiltrate. Aetiology investigated for 9 viruses 4 atypical 3 typical bacteria. PCT IFN-α were measured serum sample collected admission. Eight patients had bacteraemic infections, 38...
Kurola P, Tapiainen T, Sevander J, Kaijalainen Leinonen M, Uhari Saukkoriipi A. Effect of xylitol and other carbon sources on Streptococcus pneumoniae biofilm formation gene expression in vitro. APMIS 2010; 119: 135–42. Xylitol inhibits the growth . In clinical trials, decreased occurrence acute otitis media day‐care children, but did not decrease nasopharyngeal carriage pneumococci. We hypothesized that pneumococci, measured levels capsule cpsB two genes: autolysin encoding lytA competence...
Abstract Due to the lack of rapid diagnostic tests, clinical features Influenza C virus infections are poorly characterized. Respiratory in military recruits eastern Finland were monitored between July 2004 and December 2005 order study epidemiology picture caused by this virus. Blood samples obtained at entry end service, during each episode respiratory infection measure antibody responses against 10 viral 2 bacterial pathogens. If possible, sputum collected acute phase episodes. Symptoms...
The clinical significance of pneumococcal biofilm formation is largely unknown. To clarify this, we tested whether the ability isolates to form in vitro accounts for diverse outcomes. Clinical were cultured from nasopharynx (n=106), middle ear effusion (n=43) and blood (n=55) 204 children altogether. Biofilm formation, assessed by measuring optical density (OD) values microtitre plates after crystal violet staining, did not differ between bacteria different sources (p=0.18), mean OD being...
ABSTRACT The relationship between carriage and the development of invasive meningococcal disease is not fully understood. We investigated changes in 892 military recruits Finland during a nonepidemic period (July 2004 to January 2006) characterized all oropharyngeal isolates obtained ( n = 215) by using phenotypic (serogrouping serotyping) genotypic porA typing multilocus sequence typing) methods. For comparison, 84 strains isolated February 2006 were also analyzed. rate was significantly...
Human rhinoviruses (HRV) are known to cause common cold as well more complicated respiratory infections. HRV species -A, -B and -C have all been associated with lower infections exacerbations of asthma. However, the type distribution strains connected different kinds conditions is not clearly known. We analysed presence in sputum specimens derived from military recruits without pre-diagnosed asthma at times acute infection (CIAS Study, 2004-2005). The analysis was performed HEV real-time...
Background: We conducted a prospective population-based epidemiological study to prepare setting for documentation of the efficacy novel vaccines against pneumococcal (Pnc) community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in elderly. Specific objectives were demonstrate feasibility, construct case definition Pnc CAP, and estimate its incidence. Methods: prospectively enrolled patients with clinical radiological findings compatible CAP at municipal on-call clinics serving an elderly population (age ≥ 65 y)...
Xylitol is a sugar alcohol that inhibits the growth and adherence of Streptococcus pneumoniae. In clinical trials, xylitol has been shown to decrease occurrence acute otitis media in day-care children but did not nasopharyngeal carriage pneumococci. It also affects ultrastructure pneumococcal capsule. Here, it was hypothesized might affect expression capsular genes. Capsule gene levels were studied 24 isolates one ATCC strain (49619) by using real-time RT-PCR method targeting mRNA second...
Bacterial meningitis remains often etiologically unconfirmed, especially in resource-poor settings. We tested the potential of real-time polymerase chain reaction to identify Streptococcus pneumoniae (Pnc) and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) from cerebrospinal fluid impregnated on filter paper strips.Pnc Hib genome equivalents were blindly quantified by 129 liquid (CSF) samples-the standard-and strips stored at room temperature for months. Genome counts compared simple regression.The...
Abstract Monitoring the real-life effectiveness of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) products is major public health importance. This generic protocol for a test-negative design study aims to address currently envisioned approaches RSV prevention (monoclonal antibodies and vaccines) these among target groups: children, older adults, pregnant women. The approach was chosen allow flexibility in adapting specific setting. includes severe acute infection (SARI) (ARI), both due RSV, as end...
BackgroundGroup B streptococcus is a major cause of neonatal disease. Natural history studies have linked maternally transferred anti-group capsular polysaccharide antibodies with protection against infant group Previous antibody concentration in European populations used maternal (not infant) sera and non-standardised assay. This study aimed to evaluate anti-capsular IgG concentrations associated invasive disease Finnish infants.MethodsIn this retrospective case–control study, we cord from...
Pleural effusion (PE), a complication of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), is usually attributed to bacterial infection. Nonetheless, viral infections have not been investigated routinely. We searched for and among 277 children hospitalized with CAP. Among these 206 (74%) had radiographic confirmation, whom 25 (12%) PE. The aetiology was established in 18 (72%) PE cases: (n = 5; 28%), 9; 50%), viral–bacterial 4; 22%) were found. Infection by rhinovirus 3), enterovirus, Streptococcus...