A5075545501- Antibiotic Use and Resistance
- Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology
- Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Global Health Care Issues
- Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts
- Vibrio bacteria research studies
- Malaria Research and Control
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Gut microbiota and health
- Zoonotic diseases and public health
- Machine Learning in Bioinformatics
- Medical Education and Admissions
- Global Public Health Policies and Epidemiology
- COVID-19 Pandemic Impacts
- Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens research
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
Durham University
2025
World Health Organization - Pakistan
2022-2024
AstraZeneca (United Kingdom)
2024
World Health Organization
2022-2023
Health Trust
2023
Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología
2023
Imperial College London
2020-2022
Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics and Policy
2018-2022
Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy
2020-2022
Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital
2021
Vaccines may reduce the burden of antimicrobial resistance, in part by preventing infections for which treatment often includes use antibiotics1-4. However, effects vaccination on antibiotic consumption remain poorly understood-especially low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where resistance is greatest5. Here we show that vaccines have recently been implemented World Health Organization's Expanded Programme Immunization substantially among children under five years age LMICs. By...
Multidrug resistance and fluoroquinolone non-susceptibility (FQNS) are major concerns for the epidemiology treatment of typhoid fever. The 2018 prequalification first conjugate vaccine (TCV) by WHO provides an opportunity to limit transmission burden antimicrobial-resistant fever.We combined output from mathematical models with estimates antimicrobial meta-analyses predict fever across 73 lower-income countries eligible support Gavi, Vaccine Alliance. We considered FQNS multidrug separately....
Introduction Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health threat with 1.27 million and 4.95 deaths attributable to associated bacterial AMR, respectively, in 2019. Our aim estimate the vaccine avertable AMR burden based on existing future vaccines at regional levels by pathogen infectious syndromes. Methods We developed static proportional impact model vaccination 15 pathogens terms of reduction age-specific estimates for 2019 from Global Research Resistance project direct proportion...
Abstract Background The rapid spread of COVID-19 globally has prompted policymakers to evaluate the capacity health care infrastructure in their communities. Many hard-hit localities have witnessed a large influx severe cases that strained existing hospitals. As spreads India, it is essential country’s treat cases. Methods We combined data on public and private sector hospitals India produce state level estimates hospital beds, ICU mechanical ventilators. Based number from 2019 National...
There have been notable advances in the development of vaccines against active tuberculosis (TB) disease for adults and adolescents. Using mathematical models, we seek to estimate potential impact a post-exposure TB vaccine, having 50% efficacy reducing disease, on global rifampicin-resistant (RR-) burden. In 30 countries that together accounted 90% RR-TB incidence 2018, future vaccine could avert 10% (95% credible interval: 9.7-11%) cases 7.3% (6.6-8.1%) deaths over 2020-2035, with India,...
As of 13 January 2021, there have been 3 113 963 confirmed cases SARS-CoV-2 and 74 619 deaths across the African continent. Despite relatively lower numbers initially, many countries are now experiencing an exponential increase in case numbers. Estimates progression disease potential impact different interventions needed to inform policymaking decisions. Herein, we model possible trajectory 52 under intervention scenarios.We developed a compartmental transmission estimate COVID-19 burden for...
Abstract Bacterial death is critical in nutrient recycling. However, the underlying mechanisms that permit macromolecule recycling after bacterial are largely unknown. We demonstrate bacteria encode post-mortem protein catabolism via Lon protease released from dead bacteria. Growth assays reveal lysate of protease-null does not provide a growth benefit to wild type cells. This deficiency reversed with exogenous recombinant protease, confirming its role and independent ATPase activity....
Abstract Background The emergence of antimalarial drug resistance poses a major threat to effective malaria treatment and control. This study aims inform policymakers vaccine developers on the potential an in reducing drug-resistant infections. Methods A compartmental model estimating cases, deaths averted from 2021 2030 with against Plasmodium falciparum infection administered yearly 1-year-olds 42 African countries. Three efficacy (VE) scenarios one scenario rapidly increasing are modeled....
Abstract Background COVID-19 originated in China and has quickly spread worldwide causing a pandemic. Countries need rapid data on the prevalence of virus communities to enable containment. However, equipment, human laboratory resources required for conducting individual RT-PCR is prohibitive. One technique reduce number tests pooling samples analysis by prior testing. Methods We conducted mathematical strategies infection rate classification using group testing identification individuals...
To identify and compare antimicrobial treatment guidelines from African Union (AU) Member States.We reviewed national government agency public health institutes' websites communicated with country or regional focal points to existing AU States. We included if they contained disease-, syndrome- pathogen-specific recommendations those name class, dosage therapy duration. The scope of the review was limited infections clinical syndromes that often have a bacterial cause. assessed for alignment...
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global problem and there were an estimated 4.95 million deaths associated with bacterial AMR worldwide in 2019. Vaccines can impact by preventing infections reducing the need for antibiotics which will inadvertently slow emergence of AMR. Effective infection prevention control (IPC) has been identified as cornerstone action to combat World Health Assembly Global Action plan on Similarly, Immunization Agenda 2030 highlights vaccines critical tools...
Abstract Background The global disease burden of Salmonella infections in 2017 included 135,900 deaths caused by Typhi and Paratyphi 77,000 invasive non-typhoidal , increasing antimicrobial resistance further exacerbates morbidity, mortality, costs. To address the evidence gap on economic resistant infections, our study aim is to estimate length hospital stay associated treatment costs for patients with susceptible or antibiotic-resistant Paratyphi, infections. Methods We conducted a...
To reduce antimicrobial resistance (AMR), pathogen-specific AMR burden data are crucial to guide target selection for research and development of vaccines monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). We identified knowledge gaps through previously conducted systematic reviews, which informed a Delphi expert consultation on future priorities harmonisation strategies support data-driven decision-making. Consensus (≥80% agreement) importance feasibility topics was achieved in two rounds, involving 24 39 19...
Abstract Objective The purpose of this analysis was to describe national critical care capacity shortages for 52 African countries and outline needs each country adequately respond the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A modified SECIR compartment model used estimate number severe cases at peak outbreak. Projections hospital beds, ICU ventilators needed outbreak were generated four scenarios – if 30, 50, 70, or 100% patients with symptoms seek health services—assuming that all people infections...
Standard treatment guidelines (STGs) are an important tool for ensuring high quality clinical care and prudent antimicrobial use (AMU) stewardship (AMS). In 2018, African Union (AU) member state representatives recognized the lack of STGs as a barrier to AMS at national facility levels. Previous research reported that only 17 55 (31%) states had provided disease- or pathogen-specific recommendations, excluding those covered HIV, malaria, tuberculosis). The Africa Centres Disease Control...
ABSTRACT Objectives As of August 24 th 2020, there have been 1,084,904 confirmed cases SARS-CoV-2 and 24,683 deaths across the African continent. Despite relatively lower numbers initially, many countries are now experiencing an exponential increase in case numbers. Estimates progression disease potential impact different interventions needed to inform policy making decisions. Herein, we model possible trajectory 52 under intervention scenarios. Design We developed a compartmental...