A5043228503- Yeasts and Rust Fungi Studies
- Wheat and Barley Genetics and Pathology
- Plant Disease Resistance and Genetics
- Plant Pathogens and Resistance
- Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases
- Plant-Microbe Interactions and Immunity
- Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Interactions
- Genetic Mapping and Diversity in Plants and Animals
- Plant pathogens and resistance mechanisms
- Genetics and Plant Breeding
- Berry genetics and cultivation research
- Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms
- Fermentation and Sensory Analysis
- Mycotoxins in Agriculture and Food
- Biofuel production and bioconversion
- Bioenergy crop production and management
- Algal biology and biofuel production
- Molecular Biology Techniques and Applications
- Plant Genetic and Mutation Studies
- Oral Health Pathology and Treatment
- Hidradenitis Suppurativa and Treatments
- Plant Taxonomy and Phylogenetics
- Microbial Metabolic Engineering and Bioproduction
- Plant Pathogenic Bacteria Studies
- Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors
Cereal Disease Laboratory
2013-2024
University of Minnesota
2011-2024
University of Debrecen
2022-2023
University of Minnesota System
2022
Agricultural Research Service
2006-2019
United States Department of Agriculture
2006-2019
International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center
2015-2016
International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center
2015-2016
Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization
2016
Aarhus University
2016
Rust fungi are some of the most devastating pathogens crop plants. They obligate biotrophs, which extract nutrients only from living plant tissues and cannot grow apart their hosts. Their lifestyle has slowed dissection molecular mechanisms underlying host invasion avoidance or suppression innate immunity. We sequenced 101-Mb genome Melampsora larici - populina , causal agent poplar leaf rust, 89-Mb Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici wheat barley stem rust. then compared 16,399 predicted...
The stem rust resistance gene Sr24 is effective against most races of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, including race TTKS (syn. Ug99), and used widely in commercial wheat cultivars worldwide. In 2006, susceptible infection responses were observed on lines carrying a field screening nursery at Njoro, Kenya. We derived 28 single-pustule isolates from samples collected the 2006 Njoro nursery. evaluated for virulence 16 North American differential lines; Sr24, Sr31, Sr38, SrMcN; cultivar with...
The life history of Puccinia striiformis remains a mystery because the alternate host has never been identified. Inoculation grasses using aeciospores from naturally infected Berberis chinensis and B. koreana resulted in infection on Poa pratensis, producing uredinia typical stripe rust caused by P. striiformis. Analyses real-time polymerase chain reaction DNA sequence confirmed fungus as Pycnia aecia were produced chinensis, holstii, koreana, vulgaris after inoculation germinating telia f....
Rust fungi are obligate biotrophic pathogens that cause considerable damage on crop plants. Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, the causal agent of wheat stem rust, and Melampsora larici-populina, poplar leaf rust pathogen, have strong deleterious impacts wood production, respectively. Filamentous such as secrete molecules called disease effectors act modulators host cell physiology can suppress or trigger immunity. Current knowledge from other filamentous plant be exploited for...
A severe stem rust epidemic occurred in southern Ethiopia during November 2013 to January 2014, with yield losses close 100% on the most widely grown wheat cultivar, 'Digalu'. Sixty-four samples collected from regions were analyzed. meteorological model for airborne spore dispersal was used identify which likely have been infected postulated sites of initial infection. Based analyses 106 single-pustule isolates derived these samples, four races Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici identified:...
Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt) causes wheat stem rust, a devastating fungal disease. The Sr35 resistance gene confers immunity against this pathogen's most virulent races, including Ug99. We used comparative whole-genome sequencing of chemically mutagenized and natural Pgt isolates to identify named AvrSr35 that is required for avirulence. encodes secreted protein capable interacting with triggering the immune response. show origin on associated nonfunctionalization by insertion...
SUMMARY Stem rust has been a serious disease of wheat, barley, oat and rye, as well various important grasses including timothy, tall fescue perennial ryegrass. The stem fungus, Puccinia graminis , is functionally an obligate biotroph. Although the fungus can be cultured with difficulty on artificial media, cultures grow slowly upon subculturing they develop abnormal ploidy levels lose their ability to infect host plants [ Bushnell Bosacker (1982 ) Can. J. Bot . 60 1827–1836]. P. typical...
The stem rust resistance gene Sr36 confers a near-immune reaction to many races of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici and is highly effective against race TTKSK (syn. Ug99), which possesses unusually broad virulence combinations. Because this widely used in United States soft winter wheat germplasm cultivars, it has been considered be an important source TTKSK. In 2007, moderately susceptible infection responses were observed on lines cultivars carrying field screening nursery for at Njoro,...
In this study we provide a phylogenetically based introduction to the classes and orders of Pucciniomycotina (= Urediniomycetes), one three subphyla Basidiomycota. More than 8000 species have been described including putative saprotrophs parasites plants, animals fungi. The overwhelming majority these (approximately 90%) belong single order obligate plant pathogens, Pucciniales Uredinales), or rust We assembled dataset previously published newly generated sequence data from two nuclear rDNA...
Abstract Three members of the Puccinia genus, Pucciniatriticina (Pt), P. striiformis f.sp. tritici (Pst), and graminis (Pgt), cause most common often significant foliar diseases wheat. While similar in biology life cycle, each species is uniquely adapted specialized. The genomes Pt Pst were sequenced compared to that Pgt identify distinguishing gene content, determine variation among wheat rust pathogens, other fungi, basidiomycetes, genes significance for infection. had largest genome...
An unusual stem rust infestation occurred in German wheat fields summer 2013. This study analysed 48 isolates derived from 17 Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt) samples and six races were identified: TKTTF , TKKTF TKPTF TKKTP PKPTF MMMTF . Infection type genotypic data confirmed that none of these belonged to the TTKS (Ug99) race group. are phenotypically different ones responsible for epidemic Ethiopia 2013–2014. Forty genotyped using a custom SNP array. Phylogenetic analysis showed 40...
Abstract Allopolyploidy greatly expands the range of possible regulatory interactions among functionally redundant homoeologous genes. However, connection between emerging complexity and expression phenotypic diversity in polyploid crops remains elusive. Here, we use diverse wheat accessions to map quantitative trait loci (eQTL) evaluate their effects on population-scale variation homoeolog dosage. The relative contribution cis - trans -eQTL is strongly affected by both selection demographic...
The objective of this study was to investigate the re-emergence a previously important crop pathogen in Europe, Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici, causing wheat stem rust. has been insignificant Europe for more than 60 years, but since 2016 it caused epidemics on both durum and bread local areas southern additional outbreaks Central- West Europe. prevalence three distinct genotypes/races many areas, Clade III-B (TTRTF), IV-B (TKTTF) IV-F (TKKTF), suggested clonal reproduction evolution by...
ABSTRACTABSTRACTTo determine phylogenetic relatedness of strains and formae speciales oi Puccinia coronata, P. graminis, recondita other cereal grass rusts related species, two regions the ribosomal gene repeat were amplified by polymerase chain reaction sequenced. The internal transcribed spacer region provided sufficient variability for analysis, whereas 5′ end coding large-subunit rRNA had little variation. Analysis sequence data distance parsimony methods revealed that graminis coronata...
Frequent emergence of new variants in the Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici Ug99 race group Kenya has made pathogen survey a priority. We analyzed 140 isolates from 78 P. samples collected between 2008 and 2014 identified six races, including three not detected prior to 2013. Genotypic analysis 20 2013 collections showed that races TTHST, TTKTK, TTKTT belong group. International advanced breeding lines were evaluated against an isolate (Sr31, Sr24, SrTmp virulence) at seedling stage. From 169...
Wheat stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, is a re-emerging disease exemplified recent epidemics new virulent races. Understanding the sources and origins of genetic variations in pathogen populations globally can facilitate development better strategies management. We analyzed 68 wheat rust samples collected between 2013 2015 from Georgia where incidences are frequent alternate host, common barberry, present. A total 116 single-pustule isolates were derived evaluated on...
Abstract Wheat stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici , is a re‐emerging disease, posing threat to wheat production. In Spain, rust has been rarely detected since the 1970s, but infection was observed in fields 2018. We analysed six samples collected Rota, Cádiz province and one from Monteagudo del Castillo, Teruel province. All Rota were typed as race TKTTF, whereas sample field adjacent barberry bushes, TKHBK. This unique significant virulence combination that includes Sr31...
In this study we provide a phylogenetically based introduction to the classes and orders of Pucciniomycotina (= Urediniomycetes), one three subphyla Basidiomycota. More than 8000 species have been described including putative saprotrophs parasites plants, animals fungi. The overwhelming majority these (~90%) belong single order obligate plant pathogens, Pucciniales Uredinales), or rust We assembled dataset previously published newly generated sequence data from two nuclear rDNA genes (large...
ABSTRACT Puccinia spp. are widespread pathogens of cereals and grasses that annually cause significant yield losses worldwide, especially in barley, oat, wheat. Urediniospore morphology early symptom development have limited usefulness for distinguishing Therefore, we developed real-time polymerase chain reaction assays rapid detection the four rust pathogen species, graminis (Pers.:Pers.), P. striiformis (Westend.), triticina (Eriks.), recondita (Roberge ex Desmaz.). Duplex were constructed...