Abstract The role of viral structural proteins in the initiation adaptive immune responses is poorly understood. To address this issue, we focused on effect noninfectious papillomavirus-like particles (VLPs) dendritic cell (DC) activation. We found that murine bone marrow-derived cells (BMDCs) effectively bound and rapidly internalized bovine papillomavirus VLPs. Exposure to fully assembled VLPs papillomavirus, human (HPV)16 or HPV18, but not predominately disordered HPV16 capsomers, induced...

Abstract Bloodstream infections (BSI) and sepsis are major causes of morbidity mortality worldwide. Blood culture-based diagnostics usually requires 1–2 days for identification bacterial agent an additional 2–3 phenotypic determination antibiotic susceptibility pattern. With the escalating burden antimicrobial resistance (AMR) rapid becomes increasingly important to secure adequate therapy. Real-time whole genome sequencing represents a genotypic diagnostic approach with ability rapidly...

Rapid bacterial identification and antimicrobial resistance gene (ARG) detection are crucial for fast optimization of antibiotic treatment, especially septic patients where each hour delayed prescription might have lethal consequences. This work investigates whether the Oxford Nanopore Technology's (ONT) Flongle sequencing platform is suitable real-time directly from blood cultures to identify bacteria detect resistance-encoding genes. For analysis, we used pure four clinical isolates...

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a subacute viral infection of oligodendrocytes by JC virus occurring almost exclusively in immunocompromised patients. By use partially purified recombinant VP1 as antigen, the IgG response was analyzed quantitative ELISA paired cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum samples. An intrathecal immune to VP1, defined an antibody-specificity index CSF antibody titers ⩾1.5, found 76% PML patients (47/62) but only 3.2% controls (5/155) (P < .001)....

Summary The mechanisms by which DNA is taken up into the bacterial cell during natural genetic transformation are poorly understood. Although related components essential to uptake of transforma‐tion have been defined in Gram‐negative species, it remains unclear whether binding and dissociable events. Therefore, has earliest definable step any pathway. In human pathogen Neisseria gonorrhoeae , sequence‐specific requires an intact type IV pili (Tfp) biogenesis machinery along with three...

The bacterial pathogen Neisseria meningitidis expresses long, thin, retractile fibers (called type IV pili) from its cell surface and uses these adhesive structures to mediate primary attachment epithelial cells during host colonization invasion. PilQ is an outer membrane protein complex that essential for the translocation of pili across membrane. Here, we present structure determined by cryoelectron microscopy 12 Å resolution. dominant feature a large central cavity, formed four arm...

In all sexual organisms, adaptations exist that secure the safe reassortment of homologous alleles and prevent intrusion potentially hazardous alien DNA. Some bacteria engage in a simple form sex known as transformation. human pathogen Neisseria meningitidis related bacterial species, transformation by exogenous DNA is regulated presence specific Uptake Sequence (DUS), which present thousands copies respective genomes. DUS affects limiting uptake recombination favour The mechanisms...

Type IV pili are polymeric fibers which protrude from the cell surface and play a critical role in adhesion invasion by pathogenic bacteria. The secretion of across periplasm outer membrane is mediated specialized secretin protein, PilQ, but way this large channel formed unknown. Using NMR, we derived structures periplasmic domains N. meningitidis PilQ: N-terminus shown to consist two β-domains, unique type pilus-dependent secretins. structure second β-domain revealed an eight-stranded...

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between aquaporin (AQP) water channel expression and pathological features early untreated inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in humans.Patients suspected have IBD on basis predefined symptoms, including abdominal pain, diarrhea, and/or blood stool for more than 10 days, were examined at local hospital. Colonoscopy with biopsies performed samples taken. Patients who did not meet diagnostic criteria displayed no evidence infection or...

Antibiotic resistance poses a major threat to public health. More effective ways of the antibiotic prescription are needed delay spread resistance. Employment sequencing technologies coupled with use trained neural network algorithms for genotype-to-phenotype prediction will reduce time susceptibility profile identification from days hours. In this work, we have sequenced and phenotypically characterized 171 clinical isolates Escherichia coli Klebsiella pneumoniae Norway India. Based on...

ABSTRACT The major structural viral protein, VP1, of the human polyomavirus JC virus (JCV), causative agent progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), was expressed by using recombinant baculoviruses. Recombinant VP1 formed virus-like particles (VLP) with typical morphology empty JCV capsids. Purified VLP bind to SVG, B, and T cells, as well monkey kidney cells. After binding, were also internalized high efficiency transported nucleus. Immunization studies revealed these highly...

Journal Article Specific Diagnosis of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy by Polymerase Chain Reaction Get access Thomas Weber, Weber Reprints or correspondence: Dr. Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik der Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str, 40, D-37075 Germany. Search for other works this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Rodney W. Turner, Turner Stephan Frye, Frye Bernhard Ruf, Ruf Judith Haas, Haas Eva Schielke, Schielke Hans-Dieter Pohle, Pohle...

The frequently occurring DNA uptake sequence (DUS), recognized as a 10-bp repeat, is required for efficient genetic transformation in the human pathogens Neisseria meningitidis and gonorrhoeae. Genome scanning DUS occurrences three different species of demonstrated that 76% nearly 2,000 neisserial were found to have two semiconserved base pairs extending from 5' end constitute 12-mer repeat. Plasmids containing sequential variants tested their ability transform N. gonorrhoeae, was outperform...

Neisseria meningitidis can be the causative agent of meningitis or septicemia. This bacterium expresses type IV pili, which mediate a variety functions, including autoagglutination, twitching motility, biofilm formation, adherence, and DNA uptake during transformation. The secretin PilQ supports pilus extrusion retraction, but it also requires auxiliary proteins for its assembly localization in outer membrane. Here we have studied physical properties lipoprotein PilP examined interaction...

As an intracellular human pathogen, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is facing multiple stressful stimuli inside the macrophage and granuloma. Understanding Mtb responses to stress essential identify new virulence factors pathways that play a role in survival of tubercle bacillus. The main goal this study was map regulatory networks differentially expressed (DE) transcripts upon various forms genotoxic stress. We exposed cells oxidative (H2O2 or paraquat), nitrosative (DETA/NO), alkylation...

Neisseria meningitidis is naturally competent for transformation throughout its growth cycle. Transformation in neisserial species coupled to the expression of type IV pili, which are present on cell surface as bundled filamentous appendages, and assembled, extruded retracted by pilus biogenesis components. During initial phase process, binding uptake DNA takes place with entry through a presumed outer-membrane channel into periplasm. This study showed that associates only weakly purified...

Type IV pili are cell surface organelles found on many Gram-negative bacteria. They mediate a variety of functions, including adhesion, twitching motility, and competence for DNA uptake. The type pilus is helical polymer pilin protein subunits capable rapid polymerization or depolymerization, generating large motor forces in the process. Here we show that specific interaction between outer membrane secretin PilQ fiber can be detected by far-Western analysis sucrose density gradient...

Objective To study the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for non-invasive diagnosis progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in HIV-1-infected individuals. Design Retrospective analysis stored cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples by PCR patients. Methods Results CSF three AIDS patients with autopsy-proven PML were compared results 15 neurologically asymptomatic other opportunistic infections central nervous system (CNS). A polyclonal antiserum to...

Summary Type IV pili (Tfp) are multifunctional surface appendages expressed by many Gram negative species of medical, environmental and industrial importance. The N‐terminally localized, so called α‐helical spine is the most conserved structural feature pilin subunits in these organelles. Prevailing models pilus assembly structure invariably implicate its importance to membrane trafficking, organelle related functions. Nonetheless, relatively few studies have examined effects missense...

The aim of this study was to define the composition gut bacterial flora in Norwegian patients with early stage Crohn's disease (CD).By using a nonselective metagenomics approach, general mucosal biopsies from ileum and colon five subjects, four different phenotypes CD, one noninflammatory bowel control, characterized. After partial 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing, BLAST homology searches for species identification phylogenetic analysis were performed.An overall biodiversity 106...

Transformation is a complex process that involves several interactions from the binding and uptake of naked DNA to homologous recombination. Some actions affect transformation favourably whereas others act limit it. Here, meticulous manipulation single type transforming allowed for quantifying impact three different mediators meningococcal transformation: NlaIV restriction, recombination Uptake Sequence (DUS). In wildtype, an inverse relationship between frequency number restriction sites in...