The plasmid vectors described in this report are derived from the broad-host-range RK2 replicon and can be maintained many gram-negative bacterial species. complete nucleotide sequences of all cloning expression known. Important characteristics as follows: a size range 4.8 to 7.1 kb, unique sites, different antibiotic resistance markers for selection plasmid-containing cells, oriT-mediated conjugative transfer, stabilization functions, means simple method modification copy number. Expression...

Tissue damage predisposes humans to life-threatening disseminating infection by the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Bacterial adherence host tissue is a critical first step in this process. It well established that P. aeruginosa attachment cells involves type IV pili (TFP), which are retractile surface fibres. The molecular details of and identity bacterial adhesin receptor remain controversial. Using mucosal epithelium model system derived from primary human tissue, we show...

The Norwegian aquaculture of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) is hampered by ulcerative disorders associated with bacterial infections. Chronic ulceration may provide microenvironments that disturb the normal microbial biodiversity external surfaces. Studying composition communities in skin ulcers will enhance our understanding ulcer aetiology. To achieve this, we tested marine farmed and sampled base edge at end winter (April) summer (September), addition to mucus healthy individuals. In...

Vaccine development against extracellular bacteria has been important for the sustainability of aquaculture industry. In contrast, infections with intracellular pathogens remain largely an unresolved problem. Francisella noatunensis subsp. orientalis is a Gram-negative, facultative bacterium that causes disease francisellosis in fish. Francisellosis commonly characterized as chronic granulomatous high morbidity and can result mortality depending on host. this study, we explored potential...

Type IV pili (Tfp) of Neisseria gonorrhoeae , the Gram-negative etiologic agent gonorrhea, facilitate colonization human host. Tfp are assumed to play a key role in initial adherence epithelial cells by virtue associated adhesin protein PilC. To examine structural and functional basis for more detail, we identified potential genes encoding polypeptides sharing similarities PilE (the subunit) within N. genome sequence database. We show here that fiber subunit-like protein, termed PilV, is...

Summary Type IV pili (Tfp) play central roles in prokaryotic cell biology and disease pathogenesis. As dynamic filamentous polymers, they undergo rounds of extension retraction modelled as pilin subunit polymerization depolymerization events. Currently, the molecular mechanisms components influencing Tfp dynamics remain poorly understood. Using Neisseria gonorrhoeae a model system, we show that mutants lacking any one set five proteins sharing structural similarity to pilus are dramatically...

The mycobiome, representing the fungal component of microbial communities, is increasingly acknowledged as an integral part gut microbiome. However, research in this area remains relatively limited. characterization mycobiome taxa from metagenomic data heavily reliant on quality software and databases. In study, we evaluated feasibility profiling using existing bioinformatics tools simulated data. We identified seven claiming to perform taxonomic assignment shotgun sequences. One these was...

Bacterial capsular polysaccharides and lipopolysaccharides are well-established ligands of innate adaptive immune effectors often exhibit structural antigenic variability. Although many surface-localized glycoproteins have been identified in bacterial pathogens symbionts, it not clear if how selection impacts associated glycoform structure. Here, a systematic approach was devised to correlate gene repertoire with protein-associated structure Neisseria species important human health disease....

ABSTRACT Francisella spp. are facultative intracellular pathogens identified in increasingly diverse hosts, including mammals. F. noatunensis subsp. orientalis and infect fish inhabiting warm cold waters, respectively, while tularensis novicida is highly infectious for mice has been widely used as a model the human pathogen . Here, we established zebrafish embryo infection models of fluorescently labeled , at 22, 28, 32°C, respectively. All infections led to significant bacterial growth,...

The zwitterionic phospho-forms phosphoethanolamine and phosphocholine are recognized as influential important substituents of pathogen cell surfaces. PilE, the major pilin subunit protein type IV pilus (Tfp) colonization factor Neisseria gonorrhoeae undergoes unique, post-translational modifications with these moieties. These phospho-form have been shown to be O-linked alternately a specific, conserved serine residue PilE. However, enzymes precursors involved in their addition unknown, full...

ABSTRACT Vibrio ( Aliivibrio ) salmonicida is the causal agent of cold-water vibriosis, a fatal bacterial septicemia primarily farmed salmonid fish. The molecular mechanisms invasion, colonization, and growth V. in host are still largely unknown, few virulence factors have been identified. Quorum sensing (QS) cell-to-cell communication system known to regulate other activities several species. genome LFI1238 encodes products presumably involved QS systems. In this study, gene encoding LitR,...

Findings from a number of studies suggest that the PilA pilin proteins may play an important role in pathogenesis disease caused by species within genus Francisella. As such, thorough understanding structure and chemistry is warranted. Here, we definitively identified PglA protein-targeting oligosaccharyltransferase virtue its necessity for glycosylation Francisella tularensis sufficiency Escherichia coli. In addition, used mass spectrometry to examine affinity purified subsp. F. holarctica...

Infection of fish with the facultative intracellular bacterium Francisella noatunensis remains an unresolved problem for aquaculture industry worldwide as it is difficult to vaccinate against without using live attenuated vaccines. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are biological structures shed by Gram-negative bacteria in response various environmental stimuli. OMVs have successfully been used both and extracellular pathogens, due ability stimulate innate, cell-mediated humoral immune...

Superficial infections in chronic wounds can prevent the wound healing process by development of persistent and drug-resistant biofilms. Topically applied antimicrobial formulations with stabilized controlled release offer significant benefits for effective treatment infections. Bacteriocins are peptides (AMPs) produced bacteria that viable alternatives to antibiotics owing their natural origin low propensity resistance development. Herein, we developed a hybrid hydrogel composed Pluronic...

Abstract In Chile, Piscirickettsia salmonis contains two genetically isolated genogroups, LF-89 and EM-90. However, the impact of a potential co-infection with these variants on Salmonid Rickettsial Septicemia (SRS) in Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) remains largely unexplored. our study, we evaluated effect P. LF-89-like EM-90-like post-smolt after an intraperitoneal challenge to compare changes disease dynamics host immune response. Co-infected fish had significantly lower survival rate...

Membrane vesicles (MVs) are spherical particles naturally released from the membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Bacterial MV production is associated with a range phenotypes including biofilm formation, horizontal gene transfer, toxin delivery, modulation host immune responses and virulence. This study reports comparative profiling MVs bacterial strains isolated three widely disperse geographical areas. Mass spectrometry identified 119, 159 142 proteins in different Piscirickettsia salmonis...

Francisella bacteria cause severe disease in both vertebrates and invertebrates include one of the most infectious human pathogens. Mammalian cell lines have mainly been used to study mechanisms by which manipulates its host replicate within a large variety hosts types, including macrophages. Here, we describe establishment genetically biochemically tractable infection model: amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum combined with fish pathogen noatunensis subsp. noatunensis. Phagocytosed F. interacts...

Extracellular vesicles secreted by Gram-negative bacteria have proven to be important in bacterial defense, communication and host-pathogen relationships. They resemble smaller versions of the mother cell, with similar contents proteins, LPS, DNA, RNA. Vesicles can elicit a protective immune response range hosts, as vaccine candidates, it is interest properly characterize their cargo. Genetic sequencing data already available for from several strains, but not yet clear how genetic makeup...

Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) are a class of liquids with promising properties as components in pharmaceutical formulations, such low toxicity profile, biodegradability and versatility. Recently, their potential use anti-biofilm agents has been proposed, due to ability solubilize stabilize biological macromolecules. In the current work, break down biofilm matrix killing activity three NADES neutral pH were investigated against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 Pseudomonas aeruginosa...

Summary Type IV pili (Tfp) are multifunctional surface appendages expressed by many Gram negative species of medical, environmental and industrial importance. The N‐terminally localized, so called α‐helical spine is the most conserved structural feature pilin subunits in these organelles. Prevailing models pilus assembly structure invariably implicate its importance to membrane trafficking, organelle related functions. Nonetheless, relatively few studies have examined effects missense...

ABSTRACT The PilE pilin subunit protein of Neisseria gonorrhoeae undergoes unique covalent modifications with phosphoethanolamine (PE) and phosphocholine (PC). p ilin hospho-form t ransferase A (PptA) protein, required for these modifications, shows sequence relatedness architectural similarities to lipopolysaccharide PE transferases. Here, we used regulated expression mutagenesis as means better define the relationships between PptA structure function, well probe mechanisms by which other...

Secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs) is a common feature both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Isolated EVs have been shown to contain different types molecules, including proteins nucleic acids, are reported be key players in intercellular communication. Little known, however, EV secretion fish, or the effect infection on release content. In present study, were isolated from serum healthy Piscirickettsia salmonis infected Atlantic salmon order evaluate secretion. P. facultative...