A5024238214- Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Cultural Differences and Values
- Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
- Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment
- Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies
- Evaluation and Performance Assessment
- Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Child and Animal Learning Development
- Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Educational and Psychological Assessments
- Ethics in Business and Education
- Mental Health Research Topics
- Memory Processes and Influences
- Online Learning and Analytics
- Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior
- Emotions and Moral Behavior
- Consumer Behavior in Brand Consumption and Identification
- AI in Service Interactions
- Team Dynamics and Performance
- Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Forecasting Techniques and Applications
- Disaster Response and Management
- Conflict Management and Negotiation
- EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning
University of Tübingen
2015-2024
University of Basel
2023
Decision Sciences (United States)
2022
Heidelberg University
2011-2015
Heidelberg University
2011
University of Freiburg
2010
Research on moral dilemma judgments has been fundamentally shaped by the distinction between utilitarianism and deontology. According to principle of utilitarianism, status behavioral options depends their consequences; deontology states that consistency with norms. To identify processes underlying utilitarian deontological judgments, researchers have investigated responses dilemmas pit one against other (e.g., trolley problem). However, conceptual meaning in this paradigm is ambiguous,...
Whether human evaluative conditioning can occur without contingency awareness has been the subject of an intense and ongoing debate for decades, troubled by a wide array methodological difficulties. Following recent innovations, available evidence currently points to conclusion that effects do not awareness. In simulation, we demonstrate, however, these innovations are strongly biased toward requires awareness, confounding measurement memory with conditioned attitudes. We adopt...
Recent research has shown that evaluative conditioning (EC) procedures can change attitudes without participants' awareness of the contingencies between conditioned and unconditioned stimuli (Hütter, Sweldens, Stahl, Unkelbach, & Klauer, 2012). We present a theoretical explanation boundary condition for emergence unaware EC effects based on implicit misattribution responses from to stimuli. hypothesize such is only possible when are perceived simultaneously. Therefore we manipulate...
Effects of incidental emotions on moral dilemma judgments have garnered interest because they demonstrate the context-dependent nature decision-making. Six experiments (N = 727) investigated effects happiness, sadness, and anger responses in dilemmas that pit consequences a given action for greater good (i.e., utilitarianism) against consistency with norms deontology). Using CNI model decision-making, we further tested whether three kinds shape by influencing (a) sensitivity to consequences,...
Does competition affect moral behavior? This fundamental question has been debated among leading scholars for centuries, and more recently, it tested in experimental studies yielding a body of rather inconclusive empirical evidence. A potential source ambivalent results on the same hypothesis is design heterogeneity-variation true effect sizes across various reasonable research protocols. To provide further evidence whether affects behavior to examine generalizability single study...
This research studies a fundamental and seemingly straightforward question: Can basic advertising elements, such as the presence of attractive imagery, have uncontrollable effects on consumers’ attitudes consumption decisions? Answering this question is methodologically challenging, because an process can be masked by simultaneously operating controllable process. We argue first that existing methods conflate contribution both processes are therefore unable to measure reliably. To solve...
Abstract The present research addresses advice taking from a holistic perspective covering both seeking and weighting. We build on previous theorizing that assumes underweighting of results biased samples information. That is, decision makers have more knowledge supporting their own judgment than another person thus weight the former stronger latter. In approach, we assume participants reduce this informational asymmetry by sampling frequency depends information ecology. Advice is distant...
Abstract Advice taking and related research is dominated by deterministic weighting indices, specifically ratio‐of‐differences‐based formulas for investigating informational influence. Their arithmetic intuitively simple, but they pose several measurement problems restrict to a particular paradigmatic approach. As solution, we propose specify how strongly peoples' judgments are influenced externally provided evidence fitting corresponding mixed‐effects regression models. Our approach...
A dual-source model of probabilistic conditional inference is proposed. According to the model, inferences are based on 2 sources evidence: logical form and prior knowledge. Logical a decontextualized source evidence, whereas knowledge activated by contents rule. In Experiments 1 3, manipulations perceived sufficiency necessity mapped parameters quantifying Emphasizing rule validity increased weight given form-based evidence relative knowledge-based (Experiment 1). Manipulating (only-if vs....
We investigate the psychological bases underlying moral dilemma judgment with help of multinomial processing tree modeling, and consider how determinants should best be conceptualized. argue that, for conceptual as well empirical reasons, norms consequences considered more intimately linked one another than their systematic juxtaposition in research may suggest, propose that norm-endorsement viewed through a consequentialist lens well. Investigating this proposal, we introduce variant CNI...
Abstract The CNI model of moral decision-making is a formal that quantifies (1) sensitivity to consequences, (2) norms, and (3) general preference for inaction versus action in responses dilemmas. Based on critique the model’s conceptual assumptions, properties dilemmas research using model, robustness findings obtained with against changes specifications, Baron Goodwin (2020) dismissed as valid approach study dilemma judgments. Here, we respond their critique, showing Goodwin’s dismissal...
In three experiments, we investigated how preventing the explicit encoding of conditioned stimulus–unconditioned stimulus (CS–US) pairings by imposing a secondary task at learning influences evaluative conditioning (EC) effects in paradigm claimed to be conducive implicit EC. We additionally used multinomial processing tree model examine resource depletion manipulation affects and memory contributions all EC effect largely vanished when was employed that severely reduced participants’ for...
The role of awareness in evaluative learning has been thoroughly investigated with a variety theoretical and methodological approaches. We conditioning (EC) without an approach that conceptually provides optimal conditions for unaware - the Continuous Flash Suppression paradigm (CFS). In CFS, stimulus presented to one eye can be rendered invisible prolonged duration by presenting high-contrast dynamic pattern other eye. suppressed is nevertheless processed. First, Experiment 1 established EC...
The investigation of evaluative conditioning (EC) has been mainly concerned with the individual stimuli. Namely, a specific conditioned stimulus (CS) is paired positive or negative unconditioned and consequently acquires valence stimulus. In present article, we expand notion EC to CS cues (e.g., gender) as distinguished from objects an individual). We developed paradigm that allows for simultaneous both types effects, identity cue conditioning. experiments demonstrate potential change...
Evaluative conditioning is one of the most widely studied procedures for establishing and changing attitudes. The surveillance task a highly cited evaluative-conditioning paradigm that claimed to generate attitudes without awareness. potential effects occur awareness continues fuel conceptual, theoretical, applied developments. Yet few published studies have used this task, are characterized by small samples effect sizes. We conducted high-powered ( N = 1,478 adult participants),...
Evaluative conditioning (EC), a change in liking of stimulus due to its paired presentation with positive or negative stimulus, is key concept attitude formation. The present article examines what extent EC effects are moderated by Big Five personality. For this purpose, 567 participants completed an procedure and the Inventory. People high on neuroticism agreeableness showed stronger than people low those personality traits. In conclusion, formation via depends part This novel insight has...
Abstract Previous research on advice taking has explained the failure to exploit collective wisdom in terms of egocentric underweighting provided by independent others. The present is concerned with an opposite and more radical source irrational taking, namely, critically assess validity due metacognitive myopia. Participants could use one or two experts when estimating health risks. They read sketches study samples that had drawn estimate conditional probabilities (e.g., HIV‐given drug...
Recent research into evaluative conditioning (EC) shows that information about the relationship between conditioned and unconditioned stimuli can exert strong effects on size direction of EC effect. Additionally, co-occurrence these seems to an orthogonal effect evaluations. This finding has been interpreted as support for two independent types effects. However, previous devoted this question relied aggregated measures, allowing alternative interpretations. In four experiments, we developed...