A5025423844- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Mycobacterium research and diagnosis
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis
- Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- Photochemistry and Electron Transfer Studies
- Sports Performance and Training
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
- Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry
- Malaria Research and Control
- Traffic and Road Safety
- RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
- Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring
- HIV-related health complications and treatments
- Spectroscopy and Laser Applications
- Computational Drug Discovery Methods
- Lower Extremity Biomechanics and Pathologies
- Sports injuries and prevention
- Advanced Chemical Physics Studies
- Biblical Studies and Interpretation
- Winter Sports Injuries and Performance
University of California, San Francisco
2016-2025
San Francisco General Hospital
2014-2024
University of California System
2017-2021
University of Central Lancashire
2015-2021
Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa
2016
South African Medical Research Council
2016
Public Health Ontario
2016
University of Toronto
2016
Yale University
2016
Pulmonary and Critical Care Associates
2008-2014
We report the emergence of leptospirosis-associated severe pulmonary hemorrhagic syndrome (SPHS) in slum communities Salvador, Brazil. Although active surveillance did not identify SPHS before 2003, 47 cases were identified from 2003 through 2005; case-fatality rate was 74%. By 2005, caused 55% deaths due to leptospirosis.
Rationale: Although IFN-γ release assays (IGRAs) are widely used to screen for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in high-income countries, published data on repeatability limited.Objectives: To determine IGRA repeatability.Methods: The study population included consecutive patients referred Methodist Hospital (Houston, TX) between August 1, 2010 and July 31, 2011 latent (TB) screening with an (QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube; Cellestis, Carnegie, Australia). We performed multiple tests using...
Despite renewed focus on molecular tuberculosis (TB) diagnostics and new antimycobacterial agents, treatment outcomes for patients co-infected with drug-resistant TB human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remain dismal, in part due to lack of medication adherence as a patient-centered continuum care.To review current barriers TB-HIV propose an alternative model conventional approaches support.Current national control programs rely heavily directly observed therapy (DOT) the centerpiece delivery...
Bedaquiline is a life-saving tuberculosis drug undergoing global scale-up. People at risk of weak regimens are priority for novel access despite the potential source Mycobacterium tuberculosis-resistant strains. We aimed to characterise bedaquiline resistance in individuals who had sustained culture positivity during bedaquiline-based treatment.
A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Peruvian Amazon to test hypothesis that a reservoir of asymptomatic malaria parasitemic patients would form basis for continuing endemicity region. Active surveillance yielded Plasmodium spp. slide-positive prevalence 4.2% (43 1,023) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive 17.6% (144 819). vivax 2.9% 14.2% while falciparum 1.3% 2.6% by microscopy PCR, respectively. Approximately two-thirds one-fourth PCR-positive people were symptomatic....
Risk factors and treatment outcomes under program conditions for isoniazid (INH)-monoresistant tuberculosis have not been well described.Medical charts were retrospectively reviewed all cases of culture-confirmed, INH-monoresistant ( n = 137) reported to the San Francisco Department Public Health Tuberculosis Control Section from October 1992 through 2005, those compared with a time-matched sample drug-susceptible (n 274)In multivariate analysis, only history latent (odds ratio [OR], 3.1;...
Abstract Airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 aerosol remains contentious. Importantly, whether cough or breath-generated bioaerosols can harbor viable and replicating virus largely unclarified. We performed size-fractionated sampling (Andersen cascade impactor) evaluated viral culturability in human cell lines (infectiousness), genetics, host immunity ambulatory participants with COVID-19. Sixty-one percent (27/44) 50% (22/44) emitted variant-specific culture-positive aerosols <10μm...
Respiratory disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected children. Despite antiretroviral therapy (ART), children suffer chronic symptoms. We investigated symptom prevalence, lung function exercise capacity among older established on ART an age-matched HIV-uninfected group.A cross-sectional study Zimbabwe aged 6-16 years receiving for over 6 months attending primary health clinics from the same area.Standardized questionnaire, spirometry, incremental shuttle walk...
ABSTRACT Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) presents a major public health dilemma. Heteroresistance, the coexistence of drug-resistant and drug-susceptible strains or multiple with discrete haplotypes, may affect accurate diagnosis institution effective treatment. Subculture, passage cells onto fresh growth medium, is utilized to preserve Mycobacterium cell lines universally employed in TB diagnostics. The impact such passages, typically performed absence drug, on subpopulations...
Targeted sequencing of multiplex PCR amplicons is commonplace in research laboratories and clinical diagnostics. There are numerous tools for the a priori optimization primers reactions, but no to detect specific problematic post hoc. We developed URAdime, tool analyzing primer sequences data identify dimers super-amplicons. show that it successfully detects these unwanted accurately attributes their generation primers.
Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra (Ultra)-detected rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (TB) is often programmatically confirmed using MTBDRplus. There are limited data on discordant results, including when re-tested newer methods, like FluoroType MTBDR (FT-MTBDR) and targeted deep sequencing. MTBDRplus rifampicin-susceptible isolates from people with sputum were identified a South African programmatic laboratory. FT-MTBDR single molecule-overlapping reads (SMOR; rpoB, inhA, katG) isolate DNA done (SMOR was...
Abstract Phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (pDST) remains the gold standard for Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex resistance determination. Next generation sequencing technologies can identify heteroresistant populations at low frequencies, but little is known about impact of heteroresistance on bedaquiline (BDQ) pDST results. We simulated using in vitro generated MmpR5 mutants mixed with progenitor strain various percentages (1-20%) and did MGIT960 culture (1 2 µg/mL BDQ...
Although World Health Organization guidelines recommend clinical judgment and chest radiography for diagnosing tuberculosis in HIV-infected adults with unexplained cough negative sputum smears acid-fast bacilli, the diagnostic performance of this approach is unknown. Therefore, we sought to assess accuracy symptoms, physical signs, radiographic findings population a low-income country high incidence tuberculosis.We performed cross-sectional study enrolling consecutive inpatients bacilli at...
GeneXpert® MTB/RIF (Xpert) is now widely distributed in high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/tuberculosis (TB)-burden countries. Yet, whether the test improves patient-important outcomes within HIV treatment programs limited resource settings unknown.To investigate use of Xpert for TB screening prior to initiation antiretroviral (ART) outcomes, a pragmatic randomized controlled trial we assigned 424 patients or fluorescence sputum smear microscopy (FM) at ART initiation. The primary...
Chronic respiratory symptoms are common among children living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We investigated the radiological features of chronic lung disease in aged 6-16 years receiving antiretroviral therapy for ≥6 months Harare, Zimbabwe.Consecutive participants from a HIV clinic underwent clinical assessment and chest radiography. Participants an abnormal radiograph (assessed by clinician) and/or those meeting case definition high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT)....