Abstract Contrasting data were reported regarding the effects of cannabinoids on anxiety and social behaviour in both animals humans. The cognitive their interactions with HPA‐axis raise possibility that cannabinoid are context but not specific. To assess this hypothesis, we submitted CB1 receptor knock‐out (CB1‐KO) wild‐type (WT) mice to tests, which involved similar behaviours, behavioural was different. elevated plus‐maze test performed under less more anxiogenic conditions, i.e. low high...

Cannabinoids are known to modulate GABAergic and glutamatergic transmission in cortical areas, the former via CB1 latter a novel receptor. Pharmacological data demonstrate that several widely used cannabinoid ligands bind both receptors, which may explain inconsistencies their behavioural effects. Earlier we showed antagonist SR-141716A affected behaviour knockout wild-type animals, its effect (anxiolysis) was different from of gene disruption (anxiogenesis). In present experiments, studied...

Cannabinoid ligands show therapeutic potential in a variety of disorders including anxiety. However, the anxiety-related effects cannabinoids remain controversial as agonists opposite mice and rats. Here we compared cannabinoid agonist WIN-55,212 CB1 antagonist AM-251 CD1 Wistar Special attention was paid to antagonist-agonist interactions, which had not yet been studied In mice, decreased whereas increased The abolished agonist. contrast, anxiety Surprisingly, potentiated this effect....

Human dUTPase, essential for DNA integrity, is an important survival factor cancer cells. We determined the crystal structure of enzyme:α,β‐imino‐dUTP:Mg complex and performed equilibrium binding experiments in solution. Ordering C‐terminus upon active site induces close juxtaposition incoming nucleophile attacker water oxygen α‐phosphorus substrate, decreasing their distance below van der Waals limit. Complex interactions with both substrate product were observed via a specifically designed...

Human dUTPase is essential in controlling relative cellular levels of dTTP/dUTP, both which can be incorporated into DNA. The nuclear isoform the enzyme has been proposed as a promising novel target for anticancer chemotherapeutic strategies. recently determined three-dimensional structure this protein complex with an isosteric substrate analogue allowed in-depth structural characterization active site. However, fundamental steps enzymatic cycle have not yet revealed. This knowledge...

A plant-based diet reduces the risk for development of several chronic diseases, such as ischemic heart disease or cancer due to natural compounds found in plants. Numerous cereals, berries, fruits, and vegetables, including sour cherry (Prunus cerasus), which is a favored fruit worldwide, contain biological active components. The antioxidant components seed kernel have not been investigated until now. aim our study was isolate analyze bioactive constituents kernel. We separated oil fraction...

Increased fMRI food cue reactivity in obesity, i.e. higher responses to high- vs. low-calorie images, is a promising marker of the dysregulated brain reward system underlying enhanced susceptibility obesogenic environmental cues. Recently, it has also been shown that weight loss interventions might affect and there close association between alteration outcome intervention. Here we tested whether could be used as diet-induced early changes neural processing striatum are predictive To this end...

We studied the effects of cannabinoids on contextual conditioned fear responses. CB1 knockout and wild-type (CD1) mice were exposed to a brief session electric shocks, their behavior was in same context 24 h later. In mice, shock exposure increased freezing resting, decreased locomotion exploration. The genetic disruption receptor abolished response. antagonist AM-251 reduced peak response when applied 30 min before behavioral testing (i.e. after shocks) CD1 (wild-type) mice. cannabinoid...

Plants with high amounts of antioxidants may be a promising therapy for preventing and curing UV-induced oxidative skin damage. The objective this study was to verify the efficacy topical formulations containing dissolved suspended Silybum marianum extract against UVB-induced stress in guinea pig HaCaT keratinocytes. Herbal Transcutol HP (TC) sucrose-esters were incorporated as penetration enhancers creams. Biocompatibility compositions tested on HeLa cells keratinocytes vitro models....

BACKGROUND: Equisetum arvense L., commonly known as field horsetail is a perennial fern of which extracts are rich sources phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and acids. Activation SIRT1 that was shown to be involved in well-known signal pathways diabetic cardiomyopathy has protective effect against oxidative stress, inflammatory processes, apoptosis the basis diseases such obesity, diabetes mellitus, or cardiovascular diseases. The aim our study evaluate antidiabetic cardioprotective effects...

Abstract In this study, combinations of Ginkgo biloba leaf extract (EGb761) plus the carotenoid antioxidant astaxanthin (ASX) and vitamin C were evaluated for a summative dose effect in inhibition asthma‐associated inflammation asthmatic guinea‐pigs. Ovalbumin‐sensitized Hartley guinea‐pigs challenged with ovalbumin aerosol to induce asthma, administered EGb761, ASX, or ibuprofen. Following killing, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was inflammatory cell infiltrates lung tissue cyclic...

Obesity is a major clinical problem in the western world, and many molecular targets have been explored search for effective therapeutic agents. One of these, antagonism cannabinoid 1 (CB1) receptor, rose to prominence following reports demonstrating positive modulation food intake by CB1 antagonist, rimonabant (3) (SR141716A). In present study, various diaryl-pyrazole derivatives containing cycloalkyl building blocks were synthesized tested receptor binding affinities. Thorough...

Hypothesis. The present study evaluates the hypothesis that sour cherry seed extract (SCSE) protects against cardiovascular disease and inflammation in hypercholesterolemic rabbits, this protection correlates with SCSE-induced activity of heme oxygenase- 1 (HO-1), a cytoprotective enzyme contributing to oxidative stress responses. Methods: 18 New Zealand white rabbits were divided into three groups receiving: I. cholesterol-free rabbit chow; II. chow containing 2% cholesterol; or III....

The present report describes outcomes of animal studies conducted to determine the systemic and dermal toxicity Prunus cerasus (sour cherry) seed kernel contents; a separate evaluation photoprotective capacity oil fraction. B6 mice Hartley guinea-pigs were used for these experiments. Dosage groups 6-8 animals administered whole meal in dose range 0-3000 mg/kg by gavage 8 days, following which they killed. liver kidney weights recorded histological examination performed on sections organs....

A reduction in the water available to plants will lend increasing importance dynamics of uptake and use efficiency (WUE) cereals. The effect drought on winter cereals was investigated a greenhouse experiment Centre for Agricultural Research. deficiency properties studied by measuring changes grain weight, thousand-kernel weight aboveground biomass. wheat varieties generally ranged from 1.5-2.3 kg/m3 1.06-2.0 case optimum limited supplies, respectively, while these figures were 1.4 0.8 barley...

Clinical and laboratory findings suggest that cannabinoid signalling is implicated in schizophrenia. However, the interaction remains poorly understood, as data are often contradictory. Here we investigated wild-type (WT) CB1 receptor-knockout (CB1-KO) mice phencyclidine-induced social withdrawal model of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonists (including phencyclidine) induce psychotic symptoms humans, used to schizophrenia a variety experimental conditions. In WTs, 5 mg/kg phencyclidine...

Abstract dUTP pyrophosphatase, a preventive DNA repair enzyme, contributes to maintain the appropriate cellular dUTP/dTTP ratio by catalyzing hydrolysis. dUTPase is essential for viability in bacteria and eukaryotes alike. Identification of species‐specific antagonists bacterial dUTPases expected contribute development novel antimicrobial agents. As first general step, design inhibitors should be based on modifications substrate phosphate chain, as either base or sugar moieties strongly...

Among diabetes patients, ophthalmological complications are very frequent. High blood glucose and (consequential) ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury contribute significantly to the severity of retinopathies. Diabetic retinopathy is among leading causes blindness. Our study demonstrates effect sour cherry seed extract (SCSE) on function retina with electroretinography (ERG) in a diabetic setting or without Zucker Fatty (ZDF) rats. results prove that SCSE has retinoprotective rats: according...

The present study evaluates a hypothesis that diet-related hypercholesterolemia increases oxidative stress-related burden to cardiovascular tissue, resulting in progressively increased mortality, along with deterioration of electrophysiological and enzymatic function rabbit myocardium. New Zealand white rabbits were divided into four groups, defined as follows: GROUP I, cholesterol-free chow for 12 weeks; II, chow, 40 III, supplemented 2% cholesterol, IV, weeks. At the weeks time points,...