The Salmonella typhimurium transcriptional regulators, PhoP/PhoQ, induce phoP-activated gene (pag) expression to promote virulence and intracellular survival within macrophages. This response the macrophage environment is simulated by phoP/phoQ constitutive mutations (phenotype PhoPc) that increase of pag genes repress synthesis approximately 20 proteins encoded phoP-repressed (prg genes) (S. I. Miller J. Mekalanos, Bacteriol. 172:2485-2490, 1990). PhoPc bacteria are attenuated for mouse...

To formulate and characterize a drug-eluting contact lens designed to provide extended, controlled release of drug.Prototype lenses were created by coating PLGA (poly[lactic-co-glycolic acid]) films containing test compounds with pHEMA (poly[hydroxyethyl methacrylate]) ultraviolet light polymerization. The films, encapsulated fluorescein or ciprofloxacin, characterized scanning electron microscopy. Release studies conducted in phosphate-buffered saline at 37 degrees C continuous shaking....

Previously, the PhoP-repressed locus prgH was identified as important for signalling epithelial cells to endocytose Salmonella typhimurium. Characterization of revealed that it is an operon four genes encoding polypeptides 392 (prgH), 80 (prgI), 101 (prgJ) and 252 amino acid residues (prgK). Synthesis 2.6 kb prgHIJK transcript repressed in bacteria activate PhoP/PhoQ, indicating PhoP/PhoQ regulates by transcriptional repression. The prgI, prgJ prgK predicted gene products were similar...

Purpose: To describe changes in demographics and pathogens for fungal keratitis cases diagnosed at the Massachusetts Eye Ear Infirmary. Methods: Patient demographics, clinical laboratory findings, treatment outcomes of 46 culture-proven from January 2004 through November 2007 were compared with 23 previously collected over a similar period 1999 2002. Results: During 2004-2007, rate was 1.0 per month, an increase baseline 0.5 month during 1999-2002. The proportion caused by filamentous fungi...

Most bacterial infections involve biofilms. Biofilms are collections of microorganisms encased in a matrix that is often composed both and host materials. They form on natural surfaces such as heart valves or abiotic contact lenses intraocular lenses. The biofilm promotes adherence the microbe to smooth well other cells. thereby large 3-dimensional microbial communities complex architecture through cell-to-cell communication coordinated multicellular behavior. exchange nutrients waste...

Purpose.: To determine the biocompatibility of a new wireless intraocular pressure (IOP) transducer (WIT) in rabbit eyes and to correlate its measurements with other pressure-measuring devices. Methods.: The WIT is ring-shaped device that allows IOP through radiofrequency. It was implanted into six New Zealand White rabbits after extracapsular lens extraction. A sham eye no used as control. animals were observed examined by microscopy at various intervals up 25 months surgery. measured...

Abstract Purpose To determine the cumulative worldwide incidence of infectious endophthalmitis and associated vision loss after Boston keratoprosthesis (B‐ KP ro) Type I/ II implantation to propose both safe inexpensive prophylactic antibiotic regimens. Methods Two retrospective methods were used incidence, visual outcomes aetiologies with B‐ ro divided per decade: (i) systematic review literature from 1990 through January 2013 (ii) a surveillance survey sent all surgeons who implanted ros...

The incidence of infective endocarditis (IE) has increased globally in the past decades, including United States. However, little is known about differences trends across states, gender, and age groups within Using Global Burden Disease database, we analyzed mortality IE States between 1990 2019 using Joinpoint regression analyses, compared groups. age-standardized rate (ASIR) from 10.2/100,000 population to 14.4 2019. increase ASIR was greater among men than women (45.8% vs 34.1%). driven...

Integration of keratoprosthesis with the surrounding cornea is very important in preventing bacterial invasion, which may cause ocular injury. Here authors investigated whether hydroxyapatite (HAp) coating can improve (KPro) biointegration, using polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)--the principal component Boston KPro--as a model polymer.HAp coatings were induced on PMMA discs after treatment concentrated NaOH and poly-dopamine (PDA) or polydopamine then 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (11-MUA)....

Purpose.: Recent use of a titanium (Ti) backplate has improved the design and biocompatibility Boston Keratoprosthesis (BKpro). Titanium's shiny metallic appearance, however, makes cosmetic outcome less favorable. The purpose this study was to develop test coloring surface modification Ti. Methods.: Ti achieved using electrochemical anodization. Color assessment included scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), x-ray diffraction crystallography (XRD), Fourier transform...

Salmonella typhimurium LT2 mutH, mutL, mutS, and uvrD mutants were especially sensitive to mutagenesis by both the recA+-dependent mutagen methyl methane sulfonate recA+-independent ethyl sulfonate, but not agents such as 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide UV irradiation. Similarly, these mutator strains very methylating N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine N-methyl-N-nitrosourea. The increased susceptibility small alkylating due mutations was accompanied an sensitivity killing agents. Various models...

Spontaneous mutators of Salmonella typhimurium LT2 were generated by inserting the transposable element Tn5 or Tn10 into bacterial chromosome. Two mapped at position mutH and mutL loci S. typhimurium, two other positions corresponding to mutS uvrD Escherichia coli. A fifth mutator, mutB, did not map a any known E. The mutH,L,S alleles increased frequency both spontaneous base substitution frameshift mutations, whereas mutB allele only mutations. mutations was recA+ independent in mutH, mutL,...

To investigate the effectiveness of antimicrobial blue light (aBL) as an alternative or adjunctive therapeutic for infectious keratitis.We developed ex vivo rabbit model and in mouse keratitis. A bioluminescent strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa was used causative pathogen, allowing noninvasive monitoring extent infection real time via bioluminescence imaging. Quantitation bacterial luminescence correlated to colony-forming units (CFU). Using models, aBL (415 nm) treatment keratitis evaluated a...

Introduction The need for human cornea tissues continues to grow as an alternative option donor tissues. Silk protein has been successfully used a substrate engineer corneal epithelium and stroma in vitro. Herein, we investigated the vivo response effect of silk crystalline structure (beta sheet) on degradation rate films rabbit multipocket models. Methods Three different surgical techniques (peripheral-median P-M, central-superficial C-S, central-deep C-D) were assess well profile with low,...

The OHIO-1 beta-lactamase gene was subcloned in a 1.16-kilobase TaqI fragment the 2.4-kilobase chimeric plasmid pSK04. After directional subcloning into M13, DNA sequence of this determined. results showed an open reading frame 858 base pairs (bp) encoding protein 286 amino acids. structural 95, 87, and 60% identity with SHV-1, LEN-1, TEM-1, respectively, 93, 85, 62% predicted acid identity, respectively. 87 bp upstream had 96% flanking including -35 -10 consensus sequences putative...

We report a case of post-laser in situ keratomileusis atypical mycobacteria infection unresponsive and resistant to fourth-generation fluoroquinolones, which highlights the importance high level suspicion need for multidrug therapy effective eradication.

To describe a case of Enterobacter amnigenus endophthalmitis.A 33-year-old, previously healthy man presented with unilateral hypopyon uveitis. Visual acuity in the affected eye was counting fingers. Initial laboratory workup negative. Vitreous cultures revealed offending agent.The patient treated intravenous and intravitreal antibiotics responded well. Final visual 20/30.Enterobacter species have been rarely reported as causes endophthalmitis. E. is almost never pathogenic humans previous...

To describe the morphological distribution of host tissue and microbial biofilms on intraocular surfaces Boston type I keratoprostheses (KPros) explanted because corneal melt.Retrospective study scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images from 4 KPros composed polymethylmethacrylate titanium. SEM KPro-associated ocular were reviewed for presence inflammatory cells, microbes, and/or biofilm formation. One sterile KPro was also imaged to serve as a (device only) control.All culture-negative,...

Cosmetic alteration of the iris color has long intrigued individuals.This been accomplished with cosmetic contact lenses and most recently intraocular artificial implants.We report 2 cases uveitis, glaucoma, corneal decompensation in women who underwent bilateral simultaneous implantation a non-US Food Drug Administration-approved implant (NewColorIris).This device is plate-styled colored silicone prosthesis designed for placement anterior chamber.Both patients had traveled to Panama City,...

The aim of this study was to assess the possibility light damage retina by a surgical microscope during implantation Boston Keratoprosthesis (B-KPro) in rabbits.The retinal irradiance from Zeiss OPMI Lumera S7 operating measured at working distance (16.5 cm). Light transmittance through an isolated B-KPro measured. A implanted into 1 eye 12 rabbits with optic covered procedure. operated eyes were then continuously exposed fixed intensity under for hour. Fluorescein angiography carried out on...