Abstract The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae X2180, the strain most commonly used for genetic studies on yeasts, was treated with mutagen ethyl methanesulfonate, and mutants defective in synthesis of cell wall mannan were isolated. initial selection made basis their failure to agglutinate antiserum that specific mannotetraose side chain mannan, immuno-dominant group this strain, which has structure αMan(1→3)αMan(1→2)αMan(1→2)Man. Nonagglutinating cells assumed have modified structures,...

Ascites in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) promotes tumor development by mechanisms that are incompletely understood. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a major tumor-promoting factor EOC ascites, is an enzymatic product of autotaxin (ATX) and phospholipase A2 (PLA2)enzymes. The contribution PLA2 activities to tumorigenesis was investigated. quantitative measurement ascites tissues, as well assay conditions selective for subtypes, were optimized validated. correlated with activates cell-based vivo...

To compare the efficacy and safety of basal insulin peglispro (BIL), which has a flat pharmacokinetic pharmacodynamic profile long duration action, with glargine (GL) in patients type 1 diabetes.In this phase III, 52-week, blinded study, we randomized 1114 adults diabetes 3 : 2 distribution to receive either BIL (n = 664) or GL 450) at bedtime, preprandial lispro, using intensive management. The primary objective was glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) groups 52 weeks, non-inferiority margin...

Epidemiological data indicate that there is a strong association between intake of trans-18 : 2 fatty acids (TFA) and sudden cardiac death. There little known about the mechanisms by which TFA exert harmful effects on cardiovascular system. The present in vitro study first to demonstrate membrane-incorporated C18 human aortic endothelial cell (HAEC) function. Trans-18 were incorporated greater extent (2-fold) phospholipid fraction cells than cis-18 2; furthermore, these enriched similar TAG...

Introduction: In the randomized “Toddler Turner” study, girls who received growth hormone (GH) starting at ages 9 months to 4 years (early-treated [ET] group) had marked catch-up and were 1.6 ± 0.6 SD taller than untreated (early-untreated [EUT]) control after 2 years. However, whether early would result in greater near-adult height (NAH) was unknown. Therefore, this extension study examined long-term effects of toddler-age GH treatment on height, pubertal development, safety parameters....

Abstract Two wild type strains of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which differ in structure their cell wall mannans, have been hybridized and genetic control mannan expressed diploid has investigated. The one strain (X2180) is characterized by presence a mannotetraose side chain, while other (strain 4484-24D) possesses mannosylphosphorylmannotriose chain place unit. had X2180 chemotype rather than an average mixture two. Sporulation tetrad analysis hybrids demonstrated that two...

Genetic taste sensitivity to the bitterness of 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP) is a potential marker for food selection. Compared with non-tasters, PROP tasters, especially super-tasters, are less accepting cruciferous and other green vegetables, bitter citrus, added fats chili pepper. If super-tasters avoid these foods, it may be hypothesized that they would have lower plasma antioxidant concentrations. Ninety-three healthy, non-smoking college women who did not use vitamins/supplements were...

Background: For new insulin analogs with properties that vary from human insulin, defining activity in units of based on glycemic lowering efficacy may be challenging. Here we present a method can used to quantify unit dose an experimental when the traditional euglycemic clamp is not adequate. Methods: Joint modeling and outcome variable hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), where both were response variables, was evaluate potency for basal peglispro (BIL). The data Phase 3 program BIL, which included...

Abstract Background In Phase 2/3 studies of basal insulin peglispro (BIL) compared to glargine, patients with type 1 or 2 diabetes previously treated and randomized BIL had an increase in serum triglycerides (TGs). To further understand lipoprotein changes, a lipid substudy which included liver fat content was designed assess relationships among the measured variables for each cohort compare hepato-preferential glargine. Methods three cohorts (type 1, naïve, on insulin; n = 652), (LFC)...

Aim: To characterize the effects of hepato-preferential basal insulin peglispro (BIL) and glargine on resistance (lipoprotein index [LP-IR]) inflammation (GlycA), to explore biological implications. Methods: This substudy included 847 patients with Type 1 diabetes (T1D) or 2 (T2D) in four cohorts BIL development program. LP-IR GlycA were measured before after treatment. Correlations between LP-IR, GlycA, clinical parameters liver biomarkers assessed. Results: higher T2D than T1D. increased...

Omega-3 fatty acids (FA) have beneficial effects in cardiovascular disease and cancer, excess CE formation is implicated both diseases. It thought that oleic acid (OA) the preferred substrate for ACAT1, while polyunsaturated FAs are substrates ACAT2. We investigated kinetics of from DHA, OA, combination MCF-10A breast epithelial cells. previously showed a high expression ACAT1 these cells, ACAT2 was very low (ACAT1/ACAT2 mRNA¡Ö2400). equilibrated cell cholesterol (C) pool with 3H-C...

Abstract Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) causes estimated 13,850 deaths in 2010 the United State. More effective treatment regimens are urgently required for this deadly disease. We and others have obtained ample evidence indicating that lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) plays an important role EOC development. recently shown levels of LPA several other bioactive lipids tumor environment regulated by Group VIA calcium-independent phospholipase A2 beta (iPLA2β) expressed microenvironment,...

Cancer cells have a constant need for lipids membrane construction. This may be met by de novo biosynthesis or increased uptake of exogenous lipids. Because requires energy, that are able to take up more from the environment an advantage. We found ER− MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer decreased proliferation and migration when grown in media has been stripped lipoproteins. Adding back either LDL free fatty acids both migration. Both these functions were dependent on ability form cholesteryl esters...

Abstract Ascites production is characteristic of late stage human epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and it correlates with tumor spread clinically. However, the role this microenvironment in cells mechanisms by which ascites promotes development are not well understood. In recent years, phospholipase A2 (PLA2) enzymes have been identified as therapeutic targets focusing mainly on secreted PLA2s (sPLA2s). work, we optimized validated quantitative analytic methods to measure PLA2 activities EOC...

We observed lipid droplets and an increase in cell cholesterol breast cancer cells treated with fatty acids. tested these for the expression of ACAT1, enzyme that makes esters (CE) from long-chain found ACAT1 to be highly expressed at both protein mRNA levels proliferative MCF-10A invasive MDA-MB-231 lines. was much lower estrogen receptor positive (ER+) line MCF-7 normal mammary epithelial cells. These data are consistent existent array showing increased gene soat1 compared breast, ER+ vs....

Omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n‐3 PUFAs) have well‐recognized cardio‐beneficial effects. In contrast, premature coronary deaths are associated with consuming high levels of trans (TFAs). We studied effects n‐3 PUFAs and TFAs on cardiac health using sudden death compensatory vascular remodeling models. Male rats were subjected to ligation randomly assigned diets in or TFAs. Feeding an PUFA‐enriched diet caused increase plasma by 7 fold compared that TFA fed group whereas TFA‐enriched...

The juvenile SHR, a widely used animal model for ADHD, was previously shown to have low levels of alpha tocopherol (AT) in plasma and brain compared Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats on the same diet. In this study we asked if AT are related behavior abnormalities associated with ADHD (inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity), using measures distinguish these behaviors. Because might affect by protection important PUFAs such as arachidonic docosahexaenoic acids (AA DHA), fatty acid analysis also...