<h3>Objective:</h3> We tested the value of measuring modularity, a graph theory metric indexing relative extent integration and segregation distributed functional brain networks, for predicting individual differences in response to cognitive training patients with injury. <h3>Methods:</h3> Patients acquired injury (n = 11) participated 5 weeks comparison condition (brief education) crossover intervention study design. quantified measure network organization, from connectivity networks during...

Deficits in attention and executive control are some of the most common, debilitating persistent consequences brain injuries. Understanding neural mechanisms that support clinically significant improvements, when they do occur, may help advance treatment development. Intervening via rehabilitation provides an opportunity to probe such mechanisms. Our objective was identify underlie improvements with training. We tested hypothesis intensive training enhances modulatory processing perceptual...

Objective: To assess feasibility and effects of training in goal-oriented attentional self-regulation for patients with brain injury chronic executive dysfunction. Participants: Sixteen individuals mild to moderate Design: Participants were divided into 2 groups: one group completed during the first 5 weeks, followed by a brief (2-hour) educational instruction session as control midway through second weeks; other participated reverse order. Measures: Neuropsychological functional performance...

Objectives: To compare the kinetics and magnitude of HIV-1 RNA responses to antiretroviral therapy (ART) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) plasma. Design: Repeated lumbar punctures (LPs) were performed after initiation or change ART 15 HIV-1-infected subjects, with focus on two phases response: an acute phase within first 11 days, for which crude estimates viral half-lives decay rates derived CSF:plasma relative ratios quantitatively analysed; a longer-term beyond 4 weeks that was descriptively...

Objective: To assess the penetration of HIV-1 protease inhibitor, nelfinavir, into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Design: Nelfinavir, a commonly used inhibitor (PI), is highly effective for reducing plasma viral load. It deployed clinically in combination with other antiretroviral agents, including nucleoside and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs NNRTIs). Despite its potency based on RNA results, effectiveness levels (i.e., load) central nervous system (CNS) less certain. We...

The objective of this study was to further validate the Goal Processing Scale (GPS), an ecologically valid functional assessment executive functioning requiring planning and executing a complex goal. Veterans ( N = 69, mean age 44.5 years) with history chronic mild traumatic brain injury self-reported cognitive difficulties completed GPS neuropsychological measures working memory, sustained attention, mental flexibility, inhibition, memory during participation in one three studies....

Many individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) suffer difficulty regulating fundamental aspects of attention (focus, sustained attention) and may also exhibit hypo- or hyper-states alertness. Deficits in the state underlie exacerbate higher order executive dysfunction. Recent studies indicate that computerized cognitive training targeting attentional control alertness can ameliorate deficits evident patients TBI acquired injury. The current study examined whether improvements following...

Deficits in executive control functions are some of the most common and disabling consequences both military civilian brain injury. However, effective interventions scant. The goal this study was to assess whether cognitive rehabilitation training that successfully applied chronic injury would be for veterans with traumatic (TBI). In a prior study, participants acquired significantly improved after Goal-Oriented Attentional Self-Regulation (GOALS) on measures attention/executive function,...

Difficulties in executive-control functions are common sequelae of both traumatic brain injury (TBI) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The goal this study was to assess whether a cognitive rehabilitation training that applied successfully civilian military TBI would be effective for Veterans with comorbid PTSD mild (mTBI). In the previous study, history severe improved significantly after goal-oriented attentional self-regulation (GOALS) on measures attention/executive function,...

Background. While older adults are able to attend goal-relevant information, the capacity ignore irrelevant or distracting information declines with advancing age. This decline in selective attention has been associated poor modulation of brain activity sensory cortices by anterior regions implicated cognitive control. Objective. Here we investigated whether participation an executive control training program would result improved and functional changes a sample healthy (N = 24, age 60-85...

To validate a new functional assessment tool, the Goal Processing Scale (GPS), and to apply it for testing sources of dysfunction in patients with acquired brain injury. Determining which component processes executive functioning underlie poor performance complex, low-structure settings would be valuable deficits evaluating effectiveness treatments.Nineteen individuals chronic injury (mean age = 41.4 years; chronicity: 6 months 39 years).Two tasks: (1) GPS, evaluates context achieving goal...

AbstractObjectives: A common cognitive complaint of older adulthood is distractibility, or decline in ability to concentrate and maintain focus, yet few evidence-based interventions exist address these deficits. We implemented s pilot trial an executive function training program, investigate whether applied goal-directed attention regulation problem solving would enhance control abilities a sample cognitively normal adults with self-reported complaints concentration problems.Method:...

Objective: To investigate long-term effects of GOALS executive function training in Veterans with chronic TBI. In a recently completed study TBI showed improvement immediately post-GOALS but not control on measures function, functional task performance, and emotion regulation. We now examine the maintenance changes same sample.Setting: San Francisco VA Health Care System (SFVAHCS), Northern California Health-Care (VANCHS) Martinez.Participants Design: 24 were assessed at baseline, training,...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is common among Veterans and may interact with aging, increasing risk for negative cognitive, emotional, functional outcomes. However, no accessible (i.e., in-home) group interventions TBI targeted to older adults exist. Goal Oriented Attentional Self-Regulation (GOALS) a manualized, cognitive rehabilitation training that improves executive function emotional regulation healthy adults. Our objectives were adapt GOALS delivery via in-home video telehealth (IVT)...

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) can have lasting consequences on cognitive functioning and well-being. Goal-Oriented Attentional Self-Regulation (GOALS) training has been shown to improve attention executive functioning, as well emotional in veterans with chronic TBI. An ongoing clinical trial (NCT02920788) is further evaluating GOALS training, including underlying neural mechanisms of change. The present study aimed examine training-induced neuroplasticity by resting-state functional...

Primary Objective. To investigate the long-term use and perceived benefit(s) of strategies included in Goal-Oriented Attentional Self-Regulation (GOALS) training (Novakovic-Agopian et al., 2011) by individuals with acquired brain injury (ABI) chronic executive dysfunction. Research Design. Longitudinal follow-up training. Methods Procedures. Sixteen participants ABI participated structured telephone interviews 20 months (range 11 to 31 months) following completion GOALS Participants...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is common among Veterans, and sequelae frequently include deficits in attention executive function problems with emotional regulation. Although rehabilitation has been shown to be effective, it not clear how patient characteristics such as baseline cognitive status may impact response this sample. Explore the relationship between neuropsychological postintervention functional outcomes Veterans chronic TBI. Thirty-three mild-severe TBI completed a evaluation,...

Persisting difficulties in executive functioning (EF) are common after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Cognitive rehabilitation can be effective, but the impact of pretreatment neurocognitive on long term effects is unknown. Because this information treatment planning, we examined relationship between prerehabilitation status and long-term EF training. Archival data were drawn from a trial Goal-Oriented Attentional Self-Regulation group-format training for Veterans with TBI [mild-severe; 11...

The primary aim of this prospective pilot study was to assess feasibility implementing goal-oriented attentional self-regulation (GOALS) training in Slovenia with patients multiple cognitive deficits after acquired brain injury acute phase recovery. Seven (i.e. stroke, traumatic injury, and subarachnoid hemorrhage) a mean postinjury time 4.3 months (SD = 1.25) age 34.5 years 18.6) were recruited for the study. group program consisted 10 sessions twice week included strategy training, social...

Impaired attention is one of the most common, debilitating, and persistent consequences traumatic brain injury (TBI), which impacts overall cognitive executive functions in these patients. Previous neuroimaging studies, trying to understand neural mechanism underlying impairment post TBI, have highlighted role prefrontal white matter tracts attentional functioning mild TBI (mTBI). Goal-Oriented Attentional Self-Regulation (GOALS) a rehabilitation training program that targets control...

Abstract Impaired attention is one of the most common, debilitating, and persistent consequence traumatic brain injury (TBI), which impacts overall cognitive executive functions in these patients. Previous neuroimaging studies, trying to understand neural mechanism underlying impairment post TBI, have highlighted role prefrontal white matter tracts attentional functioning mild TBI. Goal-Oriented Attentional Self-Regulation (GOALS) a rehabilitation training program that targets control...