A5063671583- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Malaria Research and Control
- Insect Resistance and Genetics
- Insect Pest Control Strategies
- Parasites and Host Interactions
- Computational Drug Discovery Methods
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Parasite Biology and Host Interactions
- Species Distribution and Climate Change
- Vector-borne infectious diseases
- Brucella: diagnosis, epidemiology, treatment
- Parasitic Diseases Research and Treatment
- Invertebrate Immune Response Mechanisms
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- Agricultural Practices and Plant Genetics
- Milk Quality and Mastitis in Dairy Cows
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- Blood donation and transfusion practices
- Mycobacterium research and diagnosis
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Insects and Parasite Interactions
- Iron Metabolism and Disorders
- Phytoplasmas and Hemiptera pathogens
- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
National Institute for Medical Research
2013-2024
RTI International
2021-2024
Plan International Tanzania
2021-2024
World Health Organization - Pakistan
2023
Ifakara Health Institute
2023
American Mosquito Control Association
2023
Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre
2014-2016
Tumaini University
2012-2014
Christian Medical College & Hospital
2012
Sokoine University of Agriculture
2004
Abstract Studies of insecticide resistance provide insights into the capacity populations to show rapid evolutionary responses contemporary selection. Malaria control remains heavily dependent on pyrethroid insecticides, primarily in long lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs). Resistance major malaria vectors has increased concert with expansion LLIN distributions. Identifying genetic mechanisms underlying high‐level is crucial for development and deployment resistance‐breaking tools. Using...
Abstract Background In 2015, Tanzania National Malaria Control Programme (NMCP) established a longitudinal malaria vector entomological surveillance (MVES). The MVES is aimed at periodical assessment of composition and abundance, feeding resting behaviours, Plasmodium falciparum infection in different epidemiological strata to guide the NMCP on deployment appropriate interventions. This work details dynamics transmission strata. Methods was conducted from 32 sentinel district councils across...
Malaria vector control in Tanzania is based on use of long-lasting insecticide treated nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS), which both rely the chemical insecticides. The effectiveness these tools endangered by development resistance major malaria vectors. This study was carried out to monitor susceptibility status vectors insecticides used for IRS LLINs mainland Tanzania. Mosquito larvae were collected 20 sites 2015. Phenotypic determined using standard WHO tests. Molecular...
The emergence of pyrethroid resistance in the malaria vector, Anopheles arabiensis, threatens to undermine considerable gains made towards eliminating on Zanzibar. Previously, was restricted island Pemba while mosquitoes from Unguja, larger two islands Zanzibar, were susceptible. Here, we characterised mechanism(s) responsible for Zanzibar using a combination gene expression and target-site mutation assays.WHO bioassays conducted 1-5d old adult gambiae s.l. collected between 2011 2013 across...
Abstract Objective Insecticide resistance molecular markers can provide sensitive indicators of development in Anopheles vector populations. Assaying these makers is paramount importance the monitoring programme. We investigated presence and distribution knock‐down ( kdr) mutations gambiae s.l . Tanzania. Methods Indoor‐resting mosquitoes were collected from 10 sites tested for insecticide using standard WHO protocol. Polymerase chain reaction‐based diagnostics used to genotype detect kdr...
Abstract Background Transmission of malaria in sub-Saharan Africa has become increasingly stratified following decades control interventions. The extent to which environmental and land cover risk factors for may differ across distinct strata transmission intensity is not well known could provide actionable targets maximize the success efforts. Methods This study used cross-sectional survey data from a nationally representative cohort school-aged children Tanzania, satellite-derived measures...
Insecticide resistance is a serious threat to the continued effectiveness of insecticide-based malaria vector control measures, such as long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS). This paper describes trends dynamics insecticide its underlying mechanisms from annual monitoring surveys on Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) populations conducted across mainland Tanzania 2004 2020.The World Health Organization (WHO) standard protocols were used assess...
Achieving malaria elimination requires considering both Plasmodium falciparum and non-P. infections. We determined prevalence geographic distribution of 4 spp. by performing PCR on dried blood spots collected within 8 regions Tanzania during 2017. Among 3,456 schoolchildren, 22% had P. falciparum, 24% ovale spp., 4% malariae, 0.3% vivax Most (91%) schoolchildren with infections low parasite densities; 64% were single-species infections, 35% those detected in endemic regions. malariae...
Therapeutic efficacy studies (TESs) and detection of molecular markers drug resistance are recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) to monitor artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT). This study assessed trends artemisinin and/or reduced susceptibility lumefantrine using samples collected in TES conducted Mainland Tanzania from 2016 2021.
The aim of the study was to monitor insecticide susceptibility status malaria vectors in 12 sentinel districts Tanzania.WHO standard methods were used detect knock-down and mortality wild female Anopheles mosquitoes collected districts. WHO diagnostic doses 0.05% deltamethrin, lambdacyhalothrin, 0.75% permethrin 4% DDT used.The major Tanzania, gambiae s.l., susceptible (mortality rate 98-100%) permethrin, lambdacyhalothrin most surveyed sites. However, some sites recorded marginal 80-97%);...
Abstract Identification of partial sweeps, which include both hard and soft sweeps that have not currently reached fixation, provides crucial information about ongoing evolutionary responses. To this end, we introduce partialS/HIC, a deep learning method to discover selective from population genomic data. partialS/HIC uses convolutional neural network for image processing, is trained with large suite summary statistics derived coalescent simulations incorporating population-specific history,...
Abstract The development of insecticide resistance is a threat to the control malaria in Africa. We report findings national survey carried out Tanzania 2011 monitor susceptibility vectors pyrethroid, organophosphate, carbamate and DDT insecticides, compare these with those identified 2004 2010. Standard World Health Organization ( WHO ) methods were used detect knock‐down mortality rates wild female Anopheles gambiae s.l . (Diptera: Culicidae) collected from 14 sentinel districts....
Pyrethroid resistance has been slower to emerge in Anopheles arabiensis than An. gambiae s.s and funestus and, consequently, studies are only just beginning unravel the genes involved. Permethrin Lower Moshi, Tanzania linked elevated levels of both P450 monooxygenases β-esterases. We have conducted a gene expression study identify specific with metabolic Moshi population. Microarray experiments employing an whole genome chip were performed on arabiensis, using interwoven loop designs....
The success of malaria vector control is threatened by widespread pyrethroid insecticide resistance. However, the extent to which resistance impacts transmission unclear. objective this study was examine association between DDT/pyrethroid knockdown mutation Vgsc-1014S, commonly termed kdr, and infection with Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites in Anopheles gambiae. WHO standard methods were used characterize susceptibility wild female mosquitoes 0.05 % deltamethrin. PCR-based molecular...
Summary Objective To measure pyrethroid susceptibility in populations of malaria vectors and nuisance‐biting mosquitoes Tanzania to test the biological efficacy current insecticide formulations used for net treatment. Methods Anopheles gambiae Giles s.l., An. funestus s.l. Culex quinquefasciatus Say were collected during three national surveys two insecticide‐treated (ITN) studies Tanzania. Knockdown effect mortality measured standard WHO tests ball‐frame bio‐efficacy tests. Test results...
Abstract To keep ahead of the evolution resistance to insecticides in mosquitoes, national malaria control programmes must make use a range insecticides, both old and new, while monitoring mechanisms. Knowledge mechanisms remains limited Anopheles arabiensis , which many parts Africa is increasing importance because it apparently less susceptible indoor interventions. Furthermore, comparatively little known general about non-pyrethroid such as pirimiphos-methyl (PM), are crucial for...
As part of malaria nationwide monitoring and evaluation initiatives, there is an increasing trend incorporating rapid diagnostic tests (mRDTs) in surveys conducted within primary schools to detect parasites. However, mRDTs based on the detection histidine-rich protein 2 (HRP2) are known yield false-positive results due persistent antigenemia, false-negative may result from low parasitemia or Plasmodium falciparum hrp2/3 gene deletion. We evaluated performance HRP2 pan-parasite lactate...
Summary A study was carried out to establish the prevalence and determinants of mastitis milk‐borne zoonoses in smallholder dairy farms Kibaha Morogoro districts (Tanzania). total 57 herds comprising 114 milking cows 48 consisting 96 animals were included study. questionnaire survey used assess socio‐economic mastitis, whereas California test (CMT) microbiological assessment milk status responsible aetiological agents. Seroconversion for brucellosis evaluated using enzyme‐linked...
Testing and treating asymptomatic populations have the potential to reduce population's parasite reservoir malaria transmission. Zanzibar's case notification (MCN) platform collects detailed sociodemographic epidemiological data from all confirmed cases inform programmatic decision-making. We describe design operationalization process of other surveillance resources that are enabling progress toward elimination. The MCN consists an interactive short message service (SMS) system for...
Malaria is endemic in Ghana as most countries of sub-Saharan Africa. This study was conducted to characterize Anopheles gambiae s.l. and determine pyrethroid resistance profiles relative physicochemical properties breeding habitats Accra, Ghana. Eight aquatic containing larvae were identified from each habitat, water sampled. Adult An. reared morphologically tested for permethrin (0.75%) deltamethrin (0.05%) using WHO bioassay method. s.s. found their molecular levels kdr mutation detected...
Vector-borne disease control relies on efficient vector surveillance, mostly carried out using traps whose number and locations are often determined by expert opinion rather than a rigorous quantitative sampling design. In this work we propose framework for ecological design which in its preliminary stages can take into account environmental conditions obtained from open data (i.e. remote sensing meteorological stations) not necessarily designed analysis. These used to delimit the area...
The major foci of pyrethroid resistance in 1990 to 2010 were West and Central African populations Anopheles gambiae s.s. Pyrethroid arabiensis has been reported several countries East Africa. Four cross-sectional surveys A. Lower Moshi conducted 2009, 2011, 2012 2013 determine levels pyrethroids, organochlorines, organophosphates carbamates using World Health Organization (WHO) standard diagnostic dosages. Mosquitoes identified species level genotyped for both L1014F L1014S mutations by...
Over the past two decades, Zanzibar substantially reduced malaria burden. As decreases, sustainable improvements in control interventions may increasingly depend on accurate knowledge of risk factors to further target interventions. This study aimed investigate associated with infection Zanzibar.Surveillance data from Zanzibar's Malaria Case Notification system August 2012 and December 2019 were analyzed. collects cases passively detected reported by all health facilities (index cases),...
Abstract Background The use of artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) is recommended by the World Health Organization for treatment uncomplicated falciparum malaria. Artemether-lumefantrine (AL) most widely adopted first-line ACT malaria in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), including mainland Tanzania, where it was introduced December 2006. WHO recommends regular assessment to monitor efficacy specifically considering that artemisinin partial resistance reported Greater Mekong sub-region and...