A5081398417- Malaria Research and Control
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Insect Resistance and Genetics
- Parasites and Host Interactions
- Invertebrate Immune Response Mechanisms
- Insect-Plant Interactions and Control
- Insect symbiosis and bacterial influences
- CRISPR and Genetic Engineering
- Parasite Biology and Host Interactions
- Bird parasitology and diseases
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Viral Infectious Diseases and Gene Expression in Insects
- Parasitic Diseases Research and Treatment
- Insect Pest Control Strategies
- Agricultural Practices and Plant Genetics
- Vector-borne infectious diseases
Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine
2020-2025
Vector (United States)
2023
Abstract Studies of insecticide resistance provide insights into the capacity populations to show rapid evolutionary responses contemporary selection. Malaria control remains heavily dependent on pyrethroid insecticides, primarily in long lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs). Resistance major malaria vectors has increased concert with expansion LLIN distributions. Identifying genetic mechanisms underlying high‐level is crucial for development and deployment resistance‐breaking tools. Using...
Resistance to insecticides in Anopheles mosquitoes threatens the effectiveness of malaria control, but genetics resistance are only partially understood. We performed a large scale multi-country genome-wide association study two widely used insecticides: deltamethrin and pirimiphos-methyl, using sequencing data from An. gambiae coluzzii ten locations West Africa. was highly multi-genic, multi-allelic variable between populations. While strongest most consistent with came Cyp6aa1, this based...
Abstract Background Information on common markers of metabolic resistance in malaria vectors from countries sharing similar eco-climatic characteristics can facilitate coordination control. Here, we characterized populations the major vector Anopheles coluzzii Sahel region, spanning four sub-Saharan African countries: Nigeria, Niger, Chad and Cameroon. Results Genome-wide transcriptional analysis identified genes previously implicated pyrethroid and/or cross-resistance to other insecticides,...
Abstract Malaria control faces challenges from widespread insecticide resistance in major Anopheles species. This study, employing a cross-species approach, integrates RNA-Sequencing, whole-genome sequencing, and microarray data to elucidate drivers of gambiae complex An. funestus . Findings show an inverse relationship between genetic diversity gene expression, with highly expressed genes experiencing stronger purifying selection. These cluster physically the genome, revealing potential...
Abstract A major mechanism of insecticide resistance in insect pests is knock-down ( kdr ) caused by mutations the voltage-gated sodium channel Vgsc gene. Despite being common most malaria Anopheles vector species, have never been observed funestus , principal Eastern and Southern Africa. While monitoring 10 populations An. Tanzania, we unexpectedly found to DDT, a banned insecticide, one location. Through whole-genome sequencing 333 samples from these populations, 8 novel amino acid...
The primary control methods for the African malaria mosquito, Anopheles gambiae, are based on insecticidal interventions. Emerging resistance to these compounds is therefore of major concern programs. organophosphate (OP), pirimiphos-methyl, a relatively new chemical in vector armory but now widely used indoor-residual spray campaigns. While generally effective, phenotypic has developed some areas vectors. Here, we population genomic approach identify novel mechanisms pirimiphos-methyl A....
The emergence of insecticide resistance is threatening the efforts malaria control programmes, which rely heavily on a limited arsenal insecticidal tools, such as insecticide-treated bed nets. Importantly, genomic surveillance vectors can provide critical, policy-relevant insights into presence and evolution resistance, allowing us to maintain extend shelf life these interventions. Yet complex genetic architecture combined with resource constraints in malaria-endemic settings, have thus far...
ABSTRACT Malaria in South America remains a serious public health problem. Anopheles ( Nyssorhynchus ) darlingi is the most important malaria vector across tropical Latin America. Vector-targeted disease control efforts require thorough understanding of mosquito demographic and evolutionary patterns. We present analyze whole genomes 1094 A. (median depth 18x) from six American countries. observe deep geographic population structure, high genetic diversity including thirteen putative...
The invasion of Africa by the Asian urban malaria vector, Anopheles stephensi, endangers 126 million people across a rapidly urbanising continent where is primarily rural disease. Control An. stephensi requires greater understanding its origin, dynamics, and mechanisms widespread resistance to vector control insecticides. We present genomic surveillance study 551 sampled invasive native ranges in Asia. Our findings support hypothesis that an initial from Asia Djibouti seeded separate...
Molecular mechanisms driving the escalation of pyrethroid resistance in major malaria mosquitoes Central Africa remain largely uncharacterized, hindering effective management strategies. Here, intensity and molecular it were investigated a population
Abstract To keep ahead of the evolution resistance to insecticides in mosquitoes, national malaria control programmes must make use a range insecticides, both old and new, while monitoring mechanisms. Knowledge mechanisms remains limited Anopheles arabiensis , which many parts Africa is increasing importance because it apparently less susceptible indoor interventions. Furthermore, comparatively little known general about non-pyrethroid such as pirimiphos-methyl (PM), are crucial for...
ABSTRACT A major insecticide resistance mechanism in insect pests is knock‐down ( kdr ) caused by mutations the voltage‐gated sodium channel Vgsc gene. Despite being common most malaria Anopheles vector species, have never been observed funestus , principal Eastern and Southern Africa, with mainly conferred detoxification enzymes. In a parallel study, we monitored 10 populations of An . Tanzania for unexpectedly identified to banned insecticide, DDT, Morogoro region. Through whole‐genome...
We provide a reproducible and scalable Snakemake workflow, called RNA-Seq-Pop, which provides end-to-end analysis of RNA sequencing data sets. The workflow allows the user to perform quality control, differential expression analyses call genomic variants. Additional options include calculation allele frequencies variants interest, summaries genetic variation population structure, genome-wide selection scans, together with clear visualizations. RNA-Seq-Pop is applicable any organism, we...
Abstract Resistance to insecticides in Anopheles mosquitoes threatens the effectiveness of most widespread tools currently used control malaria. The genetic underpinnings resistance are still only partially understood, with much variance phenotype left unexplained. We performed a multi-country large scale genome-wide association study two widely malaria control: deltamethrin and pirimiphos-methyl. Using bioassay methodology designed maximise phenotypic difference between resistant...
Malaria control relies on insecticides targeting the mosquito vector, but this is increasingly compromised by insecticide resistance, which can be achieved elevated expression of detoxifying enzymes that metabolize insecticide. In diploid organisms, gene regulated both in cis , regulatory sequences same chromosome, and trans acting factors, affecting alleles equally. Differing levels transcription caused mutations -regulatory modules (CRM), few these have been identified mosquitoes. We...
Abstract Background With widespread insecticide resistance in mosquito vectors, there is a pressing need to evaluate alternatives with different modes of action. Blood containing the antihelminthic drug ivermectin has been shown have lethal and sub-lethal effects on mosquitoes. Almost all work date Anopheles spp., but impacts other anthropophagic vectors could provide new options for their control, or additional value anti-malarial programmes. Methods Using dose-response assays, we evaluated...
Abstract The primary control methods for the African malaria mosquito, Anopheles gambiae , are based on insecticidal interventions. Emerging resistance to these compounds is therefore of major concern programmes. organophosphate, pirimiphos-methyl, a relatively new chemical in vector armoury but now widely used indoor residual spray campaigns. Whilst generally effective, phenotypic has developed some areas vectors. Here, we population genomic approach identify novel mechanisms...
<ns4:p>The major malaria mosquitoes, <ns4:italic>Anopheles gambiae s.l</ns4:italic> and funestus</ns4:italic>, are some of the most studied organisms in medical research also genetically diverse. When designing polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or hybridisation-based molecular assays, reliable primer probe design is crucial. However, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) binding sites can prevent binding, leading to null alleles, bind suboptimally, preferential amplification specific alleles....
To keep ahead of the evolution resistance to insecticides in mosquitoes, national malaria control programmes must make use a range insecticides, both old and new, while monitoring mechanisms. The outdoor-biting vector Anopheles arabiensis is increasing concern for transmission because it apparently less susceptible many indoor interventions, yet knowledge its mechanisms remains limited. Furthermore, comparatively little known general about non-pyrethroid such as pirimiphos-methyl (PM), which...
The increasing levels of pesticide resistance in agricultural pests and disease vectors represents a threat to both food security global health. As insecticide intensity strengthens spreads, the likelihood pest encountering sub-lethal dose dramatically increases. Here, we apply dynamic Bayesian networks transcriptome time-course generated using pyrethroid exposure on highly resistant Anopheles coluzzii population. model accounts for circadian rhythm ageing effects allowing high confidence...
Abstract Information on common markers of metabolic resistance in malaria vectors from countries sharing similar eco-climatic characteristics can facilitate coordination control. Here, we characterized populations the major vector Anopheles coluzzii Sahel region, spanning four sub-Saharan African countries: Nigeria, Niger, Chad and Cameroon. Genome-wide transcriptional analysis identified genes previously implicated pyrethroid and/or cross to other insecticides, overexpressed across Sahel,...
Insecticide resistance provides both a pressing threat to the control of vector-borne diseases and insights into remarkable capacity natural populations show rapid evolutionary responses. Malaria remains heavily dependent on deployment insecticides, primarily in long lasting insecticide treated nets (LLINs), but major malaria vectors has increased over last 15 years. Identifying genetic mechanisms causing high-level mosquitoes, which may almost entirely overcome pyrethroid efficacy, is...
Abstract Malaria control relies on insecticides targeting the mosquito vector, but this is increasingly compromised by insecticide resistance, which can be achieved elevated expression of detoxifying enzymes that metabolize insecticide. In diploid organisms, gene regulated both in cis , regulatory sequences same chromosome, and trans acting factors, affecting alleles equally. Differing levels transcription caused mutations -regulatory modules (CRM), few these have been identified mosquitoes....
Abstract Insecticide resistance provides both an increasingly pressing threat to the control of vector-borne diseases and insights into remarkable capacity natural populations show rapid evolutionary responses contemporary selection. Malaria remains heavily dependent on deployment pyrethroid insecticides, primarily in long lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs), but major malaria vectors has increased over last 15 years concert with dramatic expansion LLIN distributions. Identifying genetic...