APOL1 variants are associated with HIV-associated nephropathy and FSGS in African Americans. The prevalence of these populations CKD HIV-1 infection has not been investigated. We determined the role 120 patients 108 controls from a South-African black population. Patients were selected on basis histology. Genotypes successfully for G1 G2 42 single nucleotide polymorphisms, including 18 ancestry informative markers, 116 (96.7%; 38 nephropathy, 39 HIV-positive CKD, HIV-negative CKD), (100%)....

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) progression from adenoma to adenocarcinoma is associated with global reduction in 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC). DNA hypomethylation continues upon liver metastasis. Here we examine 5hmC changes Results: increased metastatic tissue relative the primary colon tumour expression of TET2 TET3 negatively correlated risk for metastasis patients CRC. Genes show KEGG enrichment adherens junctions, cytoskeleton cell migration around a...

Abstract Coral‐derived calcium carbonate/hydroxyapatite macroporous constructs of the genus Goniopora with limited hydrothermal conversion to hydroxyapatite (7% HA / CC ) initiate induction bone formation. Which are molecular signals that pattern formation and formation? To evaluate role released ions osteoclastogenesis, 7% was pre‐loaded either 500 μg channel blocker, verapamil hydrochloride, or 240 osteoclast inhibitor, biphosphonate zoledronate, implanted in rectus abdominis muscle six...

Fluid overload is common in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, potentially driving inflammation and left ventricular dysfunction. We investigated the association between volume overload, inflammation, dysfunction across subgroups of CKD patients.The study included 160 participants, comprising peritoneal dialysis (PD), hemodialysis (HD), stage-3 age- sex-matched controls (40 each group). status was assessed using a body composition monitor (BCM); serum endotoxin, lipopolysaccharide...

Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease with different gene expression profiles, treatment options and outcomes. In South Africa, tumors are classified using immunohistochemistry. high-income countries multiparameter genomic assays being utilized implications for tumor classification treatment.In cohort of 378 breast patients from the SABCHO study, we investigated concordance between samples by IHC PAM50 assay.IHC as ER-positive (77.5%), PR-positive (70.6%), HER2-positive (32.3%). These...

Despite ranking third as a cause of hospital-acquired acute kidney injury (AKI), iatrogenic contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) impacts significantly on morbidity and mortality is associated with high hospital costs. In sub-Saharan Africa, the rates risk factors for CIN patient outcomes remain unexplored.We conducted prospective observational study at Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, South from 1 July 2014 to 30 2015. Hospitalised patients undergoing computed tomography scan...

Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate cementogenesis and alveolar bone induction during in vivo periodontal tissue regeneration upon implantation h TGF ‐ β 3 furcation defects Papio ursinus evaluate the feasibility gene expression studies. Materials Methods Class II (day 0) were prepared mandibular first second molars three P. on day 30 implanted with without 75 μ g Matrigel ® matrix. On 0, 90, cementum harvested for analyses. Coral‐derived bioreactors 250 rectus...

Objectives Low‐dose stavudine therapy may have a lower toxicity profile compared with standard dose. A randomized controlled trial comparing these two doses of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (tenofovir DF ) was performed to assess the effects on anthropometry, markers inflammation, and lipid glucose metabolism in B lack S outh frican patients. Methods Sixty patients were 1:1:1 either standard‐dose (30–40 mg) or low‐dose (20–30 (300 mg), each combined lamivudine efavirenz, for 48 weeks....

Alterations in whole genome expression profiles following exposure of the pneumococcus (strain 172, serotype 23F) to cigarette smoke condensate (160 μ g/mL) for 15 and 60 min have been determined using TIGR4 DNA microarray chip. Exposure CSC resulted significant (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mi>P</mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;</mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle="italic">0.014</mml:mn></mml:math>–0.0006) upregulation genes encoding two-component regulatory system 11...

Inflammation is a major risk factor for atherosclerosis. Genetic polymorphisms in the inflammatory cytokine genes have been associated with Because levels of cytokines are markedly elevated patients chronic kidney disease (CKD), we hypothesized that genotypic variations interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene cause systemic states and atherosclerosis South African CKD patients. 120 40 healthy controls were included. Serum IL-6 high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) measured. Functional genotyped...

Fluid retention occurs early in chronic kidney disease (CKD) resulting increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to assess volume nutritional status among South African CKD participants determine the relationship between malnutrition, inflammation, atherosclerosis, overload using a body composition monitor (BCM). We also evaluated usefulness of BCM measurement assessing overload.160 comprising hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, stage 3 patients, healthy controls (40...

Serum creatinine is suboptimal as a biomarker in the early diagnosis of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN). In this study, we investigated panel novel biomarkers CIN and assessing patient outcomes. This single-centre, nested, prospective case-controlled study included 30 patients with 60 matched controls. urine samples were collected before contrast administration at 24 hours, 48 ≥5 days after administration. Concentrations NGAL, cystatin C, β 2M, IL18, IL10, KIM1, TNFα determined using...

Abstract Background Anaemia is a common presenting feature among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and it associated poor clinical outcomes quality of life. It not clear if growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) or hepcidin are useful as early markers iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) non-dialysis CKD patients. We therefore evaluated the diagnostic validity GDF-15 biomarkers IDA in Johannesburg, South Africa. Method An analytic cross-sectional study was conducted ( n = 312)...

Despite remarkable improvement in renal function attributable to kidney transplantation, the burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among transplant recipients (KTRs) remains high post-transplant period. Aggressive use statins KTRs may make lipoprotein ratios correlate better with atherosclerotic vascular (AsVD) when compared traditional lipid profile parameters. We therefore evaluated clinical and echocardiographic correlates AsVD non-diabetic, stable, black South Africa.This was a...

Objectives Stavudine is being phased out because of its mitochondrial toxicity and tenofovir ( TDF ) recommended as part first‐line highly active antiretroviral therapy HAART in S outh A frica. prospective, open‐label, randomized controlled trial comparing standard‐ low‐dose stavudine with was performed to assess early differences adipocyte mtDNA copy number, gene expression metabolic parameters Black frican HIV ‐infected patients. Methods Sixty patients were 1:1:1 either standard‐dose...

Background . Transforming growth factor- β (TGF- ) may inhibit the development of atherosclerosis. We evaluated serum levels TGF- isoforms concurrently with endotoxin and various inflammatory markers. In addition, we determined if any association exists between polymorphisms in 1 gene atherosclerosis South African CKD patients. Methods studied 120 patients 40 healthy controls. Serum 1, 2, 3, endotoxin, markers were measured. Functional genes genotyped using a polymerase chain...

Uromodulin, the most abundant protein in urine, is synthesized thick ascending loop of Henle and distal convoluted tubules. Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have reduced urinary uromodulin levels secondary to tubular damage. Genome wide association studies identified significant single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) associations CKD at ( UMOD) locus. We examined concentrations SNP rs1333226 UMOD gene. The study included 71 black South Africans hypertension-attributed an eGFR ≤...

The polyomaviruses, John Cunningham (JC) and BK, infect humans, with primary infection occurring in childhood. First-degree relatives of African American individuals nondiabetic chronic kidney disease (CKD) who had 2 apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) risk variants a lower prevalence the presence JC viruria. This study determined polyomavirus infections their effects, APOL1 alleles, on CKD.Sixty-four black South hypertension-attributed CKD an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≤60 ml/min per...