Reproductive dysfunction is a consequence of diabetes, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. This study investigated histological and molecular alterations in testes rats injected with streptozotocin at prepuperal (SPI rats) adult age (SAI to understand whether diabetes affects testicular tissue different severity depending on which this pathological condition starts. The diabetic animals showed frequent abnormal histology, seminiferous epithelium cytoarchitecture appeared...

Lactoferrin (LF), a key element in mammalian immune system, plays pivotal roles host defence against infection and excessive inflammation. Its protective effects range from direct antimicrobial activities large panel of microbes, including bacteria, viruses, fungi parasites, to antinflammatory anticancer activities. In this study, we show that monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MD-DCs) generated the presence bovine LF (bLF) fail undergo activation by up-modulating CD83, co-stimulatory major...

The anti-inflammatory agents glucocorticoids (GC) are the only available treatment for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). However, long-term GC causes muscle atrophy and wasting. Thus, targeting specific mediator of inflammatory response may be more specific, efficacious, with fewer side effects. pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL) 6 is overproduced in patients DMD mdx, animal model human DMD. We tested ability inhibition IL6 activity, using an interleukin-6 receptor (Il6r)...

Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation regulates chromatin structure and transcription driving epigenetic events. In particular, Parp1 is able to directly influence DNA methylation patterns controlling activity of Dnmt1. Here, we show that ADP-ribose polymer levels expression are noticeably high in mouse primordial germ cells (PGCs) when the bulk demethylation occurs during germline reprogramming embryo. Notably, stimulated PGCs even before its participation damage response associated with active...

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is characterized by progressive lethal muscle degeneration and chronic inflammatory response. The mdx mouse strain has served as the animal model for human DMD. However, while DMD patients undergo extensive necrosis, affected muscles of adult mice rapidly regenerates regains structural functional integrity. basis mild effects observed in compared with consequences humans remains unknown. In this study, we provide evidence that interleukin-6 (IL-6) causally...

Neuromuscular junction (NMJ) represents the morphofunctional interface between muscle and nerve. Several chronic pathologies such as aging neurodegenerative diseases, including muscular dystrophy amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, display altered NMJ functional denervation. However, triggers molecular mechanisms underlying dismantlement of remain unclear.Here we provide evidence that perturbation in redox signaling cascades, induced by muscle-specific accumulation mutant SOD1G93A transgenic...

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive brain tumor in which cancer cells with stem cell-like features, called (CSCs), were identified. Two CSC populations have been previously identified GBM, one derived from the GBM area enhanced lesion (GCSCs) and other adjacent to margin (PCSCs) that greatly differ their growth properties tumor-initiating ability. To date most effective chemotherapy treat represented by alkylating agents such as temozolomide (TMZ), whose activity can be...

Overactivation of the c-MET/HGF system is a feature many cancers. We previously reported that type II testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT) cells express c-MET receptor, forming non-seminomatous lesions are more positive compared with seminomatous ones. Notably, we also demonstrated NT2D1 (derived from an embryonal carcinoma lesion) increase their proliferation, migration, and invasion in response to HGF. Herein, report HGF immunoreactivity evident microenvironment biopsies respect ones,...

The microenvironment drives mammary gland development and function, may influence significantly both malignant behavior cell growth of cancer cells. By restoring context, forcing cells to properly interpret native signals from the microenvironment, aberrant can be quelled, organization re-established. In order restore functional morphological differentiation, human MCF-7 MDA-MB-231 were allowed grow in a culture medium filled with 10% albumen (EW, Egg White) unfertilized chicken egg. That...

The microgravitational environment is known to affect the cellular behaviour inducing modulation of gene expression and enzymatic activities, epigenetic modifications alterations structural organization. Simulated microgravity, obtained in laboratory setting through use a Random Positioning Machine (RPM), represents well recognized useful tool for experimental studies adaptations molecular changes response weightlessness. Short exposure cultured human keratinocytes RPM microgravity...

Through activation of the ERK pathway, nicotine, in both normal MCF-10A and low-malignant breast cancer cells (MCF7), promotes increased motility invasiveness. Melatonin antagonizes these effects by inhibiting almost completely phosphorylation. As melatonin has no effect on nonstimulated cells, it is likely that can counteract only downstream nicotine-induced activation. This finding suggests hampers phosphorylation presumably targeting a still unknown intermediate factor connects nicotine...

Cells in simulated microgravity undergo a reversible morphology switch, causing the appearance of two distinct phenotypes. Despite dramatic splitting into an adherent-fusiform and floating-spherical population, when looking at gene-expression phase space, cell transition ends up largely invariant gene transcription profile characterized by only mild modifications respective Pearson's correlation coefficients. Functional changes among different phenotypes emerging using random positioning...

Skeletal muscle has a remarkable capacity to regenerate after mechanical or pathological injury. We show that the V1a receptor (V1aR) for vasopressin, potent myogenic-promoting factor stimulates differentiation and hypertrophy in vitro, is expressed mouse skeletal modulated during regeneration experimental used gene delivery by electroporation overexpress myc-tagged vasopressin V1aR specific muscles, thus sensitizing them circulating vasopressin. The correct localization on surface of fibers...

The effects of microgravity on functions the human body are well described, including alterations in male and female reproductive systems. In present study, TCam-2 cells, which considered a good model mitotically active germ were used to investigate intracellular signalling cell metabolism during exposure simulated microgravity, condition that affects shape cytoskeletal architecture. After 24 hour cells showed 1) decreased proliferation rate delay cycle progression, 2) increased anaerobic...

Cigarette smoking is a recognized risk factor for colon cancer and nicotine, the principal active component of tobacco, plays pivotal role in increasing cell growth survival. The aim this study was to determine effect nicotine on cellular Caco‐2 HCT‐8 migration invasion, focusing epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) induction, COX‐2 pathway involvement. In both these lines, treatment with increased expression release its enzymatic product PGE 2 . Moreover, nicotine‐stimulated cells showed...

Metazoan living cells exposed to microgravity undergo dramatic changes in morphological and biological properties, which ultimately lead apoptosis phenotype reprogramming. However, can occur at very different rates depending on the experimental model, some cases, seem be paradoxically protected from programmed cell death during weightlessness. These controversial results explained by considering notion that behavior of adherent dramatically diverges respect detached cells, organized into...

Streptococcus mutans and sobrinus, the principal etiologic agents of caries decay teeth, are generally acquired in oral cavity at moment tooth eruption. However, as S. has been detected predentate children, eruption teeth seems not to be a necessary prerequisite, suggesting that this species may confined dental plaque. Here, we evaluate ability sobrinus planktonic biofilm lifestyle adhere, invade survive within human gingival fibroblast (HGF-1) cells. Planktonic streptococci adhered invaded...

In cystic fibrosis (CF) high iron concentration in airway secretion plays a pivotal role bacterial multiplication and biofilm formation as well inflammatory response. Burkholderia cenocepacia, an opportunistic facultative pathogen responsible for chronic lung infections cepacia syndrome, recurrently infects CF patients. Lactoferrin (Lf), binding multifunctional glycoprotein synthesized by exocrine glands neutrophils, has been found at higher the secretions of infected patients than healthy...

The study of how mechanical forces may influence cell behavior via cytoskeleton remodeling is a relevant challenge nowadays that allow us to define the relationship between mechanics and biochemistry address larger problem biological complexity. An increasing amount literature data reported microgravity condition alters architecture as consequence structure modifications. Herein, we are reporting morphological, cytoskeletal, behavioral modifications due exposition seminoma line (TCam-2)...

The purpose of this study was to analyze the physiological features peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from healthy female trekkers before and after physical activity carried out under both normoxia (low altitude, < 2000 m a.s.l.) hypobaric hypoxia (high > 3700 a.s.l.). experimental design differentiate effects induced by exercise those related external environmental conditions. PBMCs were seven subjects each training period. phenotypically functionally characterized using...