A positive relationship between obesity and asthma has been well documented. The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator metformin reverses obesity-associated insulin resistance (IR) inhibits different types of inflammatory responses. This study aimed to evaluate the effects on exacerbation allergic eosinophilic inflammation in obese mice. Male C57BL6/J mice were fed for 10 weeks with high-fat diet (HFD) induce obesity. cell infiltration markers bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid lung...

Abstract It is known that the circadian rhythm in hepatic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase expression (a limiting catalytic step of gluconeogenesis) and glucose production maintained by both daily oscillation autonomic inputs to liver night feeding behavior. However, increased glycemia reduced melatonin (Mel) levels have been recently shown coexist diabetic patients at end period. In parallel, pinealectomy (PINX) cause intolerance with basal exclusively night. The mechanisms underlie this...

Background Shift work was recently described as a factor that increases the risk of Type 2 diabetes mellitus. In addition, rats born to mothers subjected phase shift throughout pregnancy are glucose intolerant. However, mechanism by which transmits metabolic information offspring has not been determined. Among several endocrine secretions, shifts in light/dark cycle were altering circadian profile melatonin production pineal gland. The present study addresses importance maternal for...

Endocrine pancreas from pregnant rats undergoes several adaptations that comprise increase in β-cell number, mass and insulin secretion, reduction of apoptosis. Lactogens are the main hormones account for these changes. Maternal pancreas, however, returns to a nonpregnant state just after delivery. The precise mechanism by which this reversal occurs is not settled but, spite high lactogen levels, transient apoptosis was already reported as early 3rd day lactation (L3). Our results revealed...

Quercetin is a potent anti-inflammatory flavonoid, but its capacity to modulate insulin sensitivity in obese resistant conditions unknown. This study investigated the effect of quercetin treatment upon ob/ob mice and potential molecular mechanisms. Obese were treated with for 10 weeks, L6 myotubes either palmitate or tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) plus quercetin. Cells muscles processed analysis glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), TNFα inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, c-Jun...

Melatonin can contribute to glucose homeostasis either by decreasing gluconeogenesis or counteracting insulin resistance in distinct models of obesity. However, the precise mechanism through which melatonin controls is not completely understood. Male Wistar rats were administered an intracerebroventricular (icv) injection and one following: icv a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, receptor (MT) antagonist, intraperitoneal (ip) muscarinic antagonist. Anesthetized subjected...

Fructose consumption causes insulin resistance and favors hepatic gluconeogenesis through mechanisms that are not completely understood. Recent studies demonstrated the activation of hypothalamic 5′-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) controls dynamic fluctuations in glucose production. Thus, present study was designed to investigate whether AMPK by fructose would mediate increased gluconeogenesis. Both ip intracerebroventricular (icv) treatment stimulated acetyl-CoA carboxylase...

Online and distance education may be dismissed by educators who argue that these methods are not equivalent to traditional face-to-face due the lack of laboratory classes. However, smartphone-assisted experimentation is an innovative powerful didactic tool helps in teaching process physiology, particularly situations with a financial support for purchasing equipment, or homework assignments, learning courses, emergency remote education, such as during COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, we present...

The transition from gestation to lactation is characterized by a robust adaptation of maternal pancreatic β-cells. Consistent with the loss β-cell mass, glucose-induced insulin secretion down-regulated in islets early lactating dams. Extensive experimental evidence has demonstrated that surge prolactin responsible for morphofunctional remodeling endocrine pancreas during pregnancy, but precise molecular mechanisms which this phenotype rapidly reversed after delivery are not completely...

We investigated the effect of dexamethasone during last week pregnancy on glucose and lipid metabolism in male offspring. Twelve-week old offspring were evaluated after fasting for 12-hours (physiological) 60-hours (prolonged). Physiological resulted intolerance, decreased clearance pyruvate load increased PEPCK expression rats born to dexamethasone-treated mothers (DEX). Prolonged tolerance DEX. These modulations accompanied by accumulation hepatic triglycerides (TG). Sixty-hour fasted DEX...

Although it is well known that the thyroid hormone (T3) an important positive regulator of cardiac function over a short term and also promotes deleterious effects long term, molecular mechanisms for such are not yet understood. Because most alterations in associated with changes sarcomeric machinery, present work was undertaken to find novel hot spots driven by T3 heart. A microarray analysis indicated M-band major spot, structural gene coding M-protein severely down-regulated T3. Real-time...

During pregnancy, the maternal endocrine pancreas undergoes, as a consequence of placental lactogens and prolactin (PRL) action, functional changes that are characterized by increased glucose-induced insulin secretion. After delivery, rapidly returns to non-pregnant state, which is mainly attributed serum levels glucocorticoids (GCs). Although GCs known decrease secretion counteract PRL mechanisms for these effects poorly understood. We have previously demonstrated signal transducer...

Insulin-induced glucose uptake by skeletal muscle results from Akt2 activation and is severely impaired during insulin resistance. Recently, we others have demonstrated that BMP9 improves homeostasis in diabetic non-diabetic rodents. However, the mechanism which modulates action remains unknown. Here demonstrate Smad5, a transcription factor activated BMP9, Akt2, are upregulated differentiated L6 myotubes. rather than Smad1/8, downregulated "in vivo" vitro" dexamethasone. Smad5 knockdown...

Remote education has become necessary to resume teaching activities during the pandemic. Most educators were not prepared for this type of or did have access resources required online classes.

Maternal pancreatic islets undergo a robust increase of mass and proliferation during pregnancy, which allows compensation gestational insulin resistance. Studies have described that this adaptation switches to low proliferative status after the delivery. The mechanisms underlying reversal are unknown, but action glucocorticoids (GCs) is believed play an important role because GCs counteract pregnancy-like effects PRL on isolated maintained in cell culture. Here, we demonstrate ERK1/2...

Thyroid diseases are prevalent among endocrine disorders, and careful evaluation of patients' symptoms is a very important part in their diagnosis. Developing new pedagogical strategies, such as problem-based learning (PBL), extremely to stimulate encourage medical biomedical students learn thyroid physiology identify the signs dysfunction. The present study aimed create approach build deep knowledge about hypo-/hyperthyroidism by proposing hands-on activity based on detective case, using...

Cost-effective student engagement poses a challenge for instructors, especially those who may not be familiar with new technologies and mobile devices. In this workshop, participants, experienced discussed two ways of using smartphones in physiology classes: to engage an online learning environment discussions, make physiological measurements. Participants signed up individual Twitter accounts learned how tweet, retweet, message, use URL shortener, hashtags. They then went on locate articles...

The liver plays an essential role in maternal metabolic adaptation during late pregnancy. With regard to lipid metabolism, increased secretion of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) is characteristic Despite this well-described plasticity, the molecular changes underlying hepatic pregnancy remain unclear. As AMPK a key intracellular energy sensor, we investigated whether protein assumes causal Pregnant Wistar rats were treated with vehicle or AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide...

The Internet has changed the way teachers and students access information build knowledge. recent COVID-19 pandemic created challenges for both a demand new methodologies of remote learning. In life sciences, mixing online content with practical activities represents an even greater challenge. microbiology, implementation active teaching methodology, #Adopt project, based on social network Facebook ® , excellent option connecting education classroom activities. 2020, version applied in high...

Physiology teaching resources have advanced to include innovative pedagogical approaches that meet the learning expectations of current generation students, while at same time ensuring content delivery is accurate and use technologies appropriate. We developed a quick experimental assay protocol introduce basic concepts cardiac rhythms, demonstrate simultaneously smartphone applications are reliable cost-effective tool for data collection in scientific method performing physiology...