A5067459586- Gut microbiota and health
- Antimicrobial Peptides and Activities
- Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Cancer Cells and Metastasis
- Dermatology and Skin Diseases
- Pediatric health and respiratory diseases
- Animal Nutrition and Physiology
- Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
- Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- CRISPR and Genetic Engineering
- Cardiac Arrhythmias and Treatments
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- Microscopic Colitis
- Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies
- Tryptophan and brain disorders
- NMR spectroscopy and applications
- Effects of Radiation Exposure
- Insect and Pesticide Research
- Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer Studies
- Systemic Sclerosis and Related Diseases
- Pancreatic function and diabetes
- Protein Hydrolysis and Bioactive Peptides
- Ginger and Zingiberaceae research
- Pain Management and Treatment
- Advanced NMR Techniques and Applications
Hokkaido University
2017-2024
Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
2024
Fujisawa City Hospital
2018
Koriyama Institute of Health Sciences
2015
The intestinal microbial ecosystem is actively regulated by Paneth cell-derived antimicrobial peptides such as α-defensins. Various disorders, including graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), disrupt cell functions, resulting in unfavorably altered microbiota (dysbiosis), which further accelerates the underlying diseases. Current strategies to restore gut are bacteriotherapy fecal transplantation and probiotics, no physiological approach has been developed so far. In this study, we demonstrate a...
Paneth cells contribute to small intestinal homeostasis by secreting antimicrobial peptides and constituting the stem cell (ISC) niche. Certain T cell-mediated enteropathies are characterized extensive depletion coincident with mucosal destruction dysbiosis. In this study, mechanisms of crypt injury have been investigated characterizing responses mouse organoids (enteroids) in coculture lymphocytes. Activated induced enteroid damage, reduced Lgr5+ ISC mRNA levels, death through a...
Paneth cells are intestinal epithelial that release antimicrobial peptides, such as α-defensin part of host defense. Together with mesenchymal cells, provide niche factors for stem cell homeostasis. Here, we report two subtypes murine differentiated by their production and utilization fucosyltransferase 2 (Fut2), which regulates α(1,2)fucosylation to create cohabitation niches commensal bacteria prevent invasion the intestine pathogenic bacteria. The majority Fut2- were localized in...
Sleep is essential for our health. Short sleep known to increase disease risks via imbalance of intestinal microbiota, dysbiosis. However, mechanisms by which short induces dysbiosis remain unknown. Small Paneth cell regulates the microbiota secreting antimicrobial peptides including α-defensin, human defensin 5 (HD5). Disruption circadian rhythm mediating sleep-wake cycle failure. We aim clarify effects on HD5 secretion and microbiota. Fecal samples self-reported time were obtained from 35...
Abstract Paneth cells at the base of small intestinal crypts secrete granules containing α-defensins in response to bacteria and maintain environment by clearing enteric pathogens regulating composition microbiota. However, cell secretory responses remain debatable mechanisms that regulate secretion are not well understood. Although enteroids, three-dimensional cultures epithelial cells, have proven useful for analyzing functions including ion transport, their closed structures imposed...
The intestine not only plays a role in fundamental processes digestion and nutrient absorption, but it also has eliminating ingested pathogenic bacteria viruses. Paneth cells, which reside at the base of small intestinal crypts, secrete α-defensins contribute to enteric innate immunity through potent microbicidal activities. However, relationship between food factors immune functions cells remains unknown. Here, we examined whether short-chain fatty acids amino induce α-defensin secretion...
Abstract Psychological stress has been reported to relate dysbiosis, imbalance of the intestinal microbiota composition, and contribute onset exacerbation depression, though, underlying mechanisms psychological stress-related dysbiosis have unknown. It previously established that α-defensins, which are effector peptides innate enteric immunity produced by Paneth cells in small intestine, play an important role regulation microbiota. However, relationship between disruption ecosystem...
Crohn’s disease (CD) is an intractable inflammatory bowel disease, and dysbiosis, disruption of the intestinal microbiota, associated with CD pathophysiology. ER stress, homeostasis in Paneth cells small intestine, α-defensin misfolding have been reported patients. Because α-defensins regulate composition their may cause dysbiosis. However, whether misfolding, dysbiosis contribute to pathophysiology remains unknown. Here, we show that abnormal markers stress appear SAMP1/YitFc, a mouse model...
Paneth cells contribute to intestinal innate immunity by sensing bacteria and secreting -defensin. In ICR mice, alpha-defensin termed cryptdin (Crp) in consists of six major isoforms, Crp1 6. Despite accumulating evidences that functions controlling the microbiota, topographical localization small intestine relation remains be determined. this study, we examined expression level mRNA encoding Crp-isoforms Crp immunoreactivities using singly isolated crypts together with bactericidal...
The different effects of deoxynivalenol (DON) on intestinal barrier and stem cells by its route exposure remain less known. We explored the toxic DON functions after microinjection (luminal exposure) or addition to a culture medium (basolateral using three-dimensional mouse organoids (enteroids). influx test fluorescein-labeled dextran showed that basolateral (1 micromolar (µM) disrupted in enteroids compared with luminal at same concentration. Moreover, an immunofluorescence experiment...
Abstract Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a chronic liver disease characterized by fibrosis that develops from fatty liver. Disruption of intestinal microbiota homeostasis, dysbiosis, associated with development in NASH. An antimicrobial peptide α-defensin secreted Paneth cells the small intestine known to regulate composition microbiota. However, involvement NASH remains unknown. Here, we show diet-induced model mice, decrease fecal along dysbiosis occurs before onset. When levels...
The mechanism by which the neonicotinoid pesticide clothianidin (CLO) disrupts intestinal microbiota of experimental animals is unknown. We focused on α-defensins, are regulators microbiota. Subchronic exposure to CLO induced dysbiosis and reduced short-chain fatty acid‒producing bacteria in mice. Levels cryptdin-1 (Crp1, a major α-defensin mice) feces cecal contents were lower CLO-exposed groups than control. In Crp1 immunostaining, Paneth cells jejunum ileum...
Paneth cells and Lgr5+ intestinal stem (Lgr5+ ISCs) constitute the cell niche maintain small epithelial integrity by recognizing various factors derived from subepithelial external antigens. Although it has been known that interferon-γ (IFN-γ), a Th1 cytokine, is associated with disruption during inflammation as factor, dynamics of ISCs in response to IFN-γ remain be understood. Here we show CAG-tdTomato;Lgr5-EGFP (CT-LE) mice generated this study enable identify separately fluorescence...
Mulberry leaves contain α-glucosidase inhibitors, which have hypoglycemic effects and are considered functional foods. However, few reports covered the of mulberry leaf components on normal gut microbiota metabolites. Herein, analysis NMR-based metabolomics were performed feces powder (MLP)-treated mice to determine long-term MLP consumption. Gut in mouse analyzed using 16S-rRNA gene sequencing, no significant differences revealed diversity community structure C57BL/6 with or without...
Intestinal epithelial cells separate subepithelial tissues from luminal environment formed with food, incoming pathogens, and resident intestinal microbiota, etc., elicit various function. Enteroid, a three-dimensional culture system of small cells, has been widely used for analyzing the function, further transgenic enteroid was developed to investigate molecular mechanisms. However, conventional production method, which transfer gene into single stem limitations including low efficiency...
Live imaging visualizes the structure, dynamics, and function of cells tissues to reveal molecular mechanisms, has contributed advancement life science. In live imaging, it been well known that there is a trade-off between higher-resolution analysis cell damage caused by light illumination, i.e., phototoxicity. However, despite risk unknowingly distorting experimental results, phototoxicity an unresolved issue in because overall consequences occurring inside due remains unknown. Here, we...
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics, which comprehensively measures metabolites in biological systems and investigates their response to various perturbations, is widely used research identify biomarkers investigate the pathogenesis of underlying diseases. However, further applications high-field superconducting NMR for medical purposes field are restricted by its high cost low accessibility. In this study, we applied a low-field, benchtop spectrometer (60 MHz) employing...
Cryptdin-4 (crp4) is an enteric α-defensin derived from mice, and a main mediator of immunity to oral infections determinant the composition intestinal microbiota. Structurally, crp4 exists in two states: oxidized form (crp4oxi), constrained by three invariant disulfide bonds, reduced (crp4red) with six free thiol groups, both which exist tract. In this study, antibacterial mechanisms forms under aerobic anaerobic conditions were investigated using Escherichia coli (E. coli), facultative...
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is broadly categorised into Crohn’s (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). The causal factors underlying IBD pathology remain unclear, however a relationship between microbiota intestinal immunity one of pathological factors. Paneth cell key player in innate gut immunity, reported to contribute the pathogenesis CD, whereas association UC remains unclear. aims this study were therefore verify whether measurements granule diameter cells corresponding morphology...