Abstract Predictors of colorectal cancer have been extensively studied with some evidence suggesting that risk factors vary by subsite. Using data from 2 prospective cohort studies, we examined established to determine whether they were differentially associated colon and rectal cancer. Our study population included 87,733 women the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) 46,632 men Professionals Follow Up (HPFS). Exposure information was collected via biennial questionnaires (dietary variables every 4...

Background: Adiponectin is an insulin-sensitizing hormone secreted by adipocytes. Levels of adiponectin are inversely associated with adiposity and insulin resistance. Because both resistance have been risk colorectal cancer, we hypothesized that carcinogenesis. Methods: We evaluated the association between cancer among 18 225 men in Health Professionals Follow-up Study who provided blood samples 1994. Between collection January 31, 2002, 179 incident cases occurred. Each case patient was...

Consumer health information technologies (HIT) that encourage self-tracking, such as diet and fitness tracking apps disease journals, are attracting widespread interest among technology-oriented consumers (such "quantified self" advocates), entrepreneurs, the care industry. Such electronic could potentially benefit growing population of patients with multiple chronic conditions (MCC). However, MCC is predominantly a condition elderly disproportionately affects less affluent, so it also seems...

Background: The magnitude of the link between cigarette smoking and lung cancer may vary by histological type. Methods: We used polytomous logistic regression to evaluate whether aspects have different effects across four types in Nurses’ Health Study. Results: From 1976 2002, we identified 1062 cases cancer: squamous cell (n 201), small 236), adenocarcinoma 543) large carcinoma 82), among 65 560 current or former smokers. Risk reduction after quitting ranged from an 8 (relative risk (RR):...

Abstract Hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, and elevated insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 levels have been implicated in the etiology of colorectal cancer. However, joint effects insulin IGF-I not considered, whether hyperinsulinemia or hyperglycemia is more etiologically relevant unclear. IGF binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) has hypothesized to mediate insulin, but epidemiologic data on IGFBP-1 are sparse. We conducted a nested case-control study among 32,826 women Nurses' Health Study who...

A critical problem for patients with chronic conditions who see multiple health care providers is incomplete or inaccurate information, which can contribute to lack of coordination, low quality care, and medical errors.

Maintaining adequate serum levels of vitamin D may be important for sleep duration and quality; however, these associations are not well understood. We examined whether 25(OH)D associated with objective measures in older men.Cross-sectional study within a large cohort community-dwelling men, the MrOS study.Among 3,048 men age 68 years or older, we measured total D. Objective estimates nightly time, efficiency, wake time after onset (WASO) were obtained using wrist actigraphy worn an average...

The authors developed a comprehensive model of colon cancer incidence that allows for nonproportional hazards and accounts the temporal nature risk factors. They estimated relative based on cumulative by age 70 years. Using multivariate, nonlinear Poisson regression, they determined among 83,767 participants in Nurses' Health Study. observed 701 cases between 1980 June 1, 2004. There was increased positive family history or rectal (55%), 10 more pack-years cigarette smoking before 30 years...

Abstract Background: The association between body fatness before adulthood and later risk of colorectal cancer remains unclear. We hypothesized that, independent adult fatness, early life would be associated with a higher developing cancer. Methods: assessed during childhood adolescence using validated 9-level somatotype inquired weight in young the Nurses' Health Study Professionals Follow-up Study. used Cox proportional hazard regression modeling to estimate relative risks [RR, 95%...

In 2013, the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) issued recommendations for low-dose computed tomography lung cancer screening (LDCT-LCS), but there continues to be a dearth of information on adoption LDCT-LCS in healthcare systems. Using multilevel perspective, our study aims assess referrals and identify facilitators barriers following recent policy changes. A retrospective analysis electronic medical record data from patients aged 55–80 years with no history who visited primary...

Vitamin B6, whose main circulating form is pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP), important in one-carbon metabolism, which critical for DNA synthesis and methylation, both of are potentially involved colorectal carcinogenesis. However, no previous epidemiologic studies have directly evaluated the association plasma PLP with risk neoplasia.We conducted a prospective nested case-control study 32,826 female participants Nurses' Health Study who provided blood specimens 1989-1990. From 1989-1990 to 2000...

The burden of smoking on six causes death in women was evaluated using various novel modelling approaches.A prospective US-based nationwide cohort study.102 635 the Nurses' Health Study followed biennially from 1980 to 2004.The relation between cigarette and cause-specific compared baseline versus updated status. authors used competing risk survival analysis formally compare associations smoking-related variables as a result coronary heart disease (CHD), cerebrovascular diseases, lung...

Evidence of the association between chronic inflammation and risk colorectal cancer (CRC) other obesity-related cancers (OBRC) remains inconsistent, possibly due to a paucity studies examining repeated measures inflammation. In Health ABC prospective study 2,490 adults aged 70-79 years at baseline, we assessed whether circulating levels three markers systemic inflammation, IL-6, CRP TNF-α, were associated with CRC OBRC, cluster including pancreas, prostate, breast endometrium. Inflammatory...

Abstract Background: Determinants of insulin secretion and insulin-like growth factors (IGF) have been directly associated with risk for colorectal cancer. However, few studies evaluated whether these are also adenoma, the main precursor lesion to Methods: We identified 380 distal adenoma cases diagnosed between 1989 1998 controls among nondiabetic women from cohort 32,826 women, nested in Nurses' Health Study, who provided blood samples 1990. Cases were individually matched on year birth,...

We expanded and updated our colon cancer risk model to evaluate colorectal (CRC) whether subsite-specific models are warranted. Using data from 1980-2010 for 90,286 women enrolled in the Nurses' Health Study, we performed competing-risks regression tests subsite heterogeneity (proximal colon: n = 821; distal 521; rectum: 376). Risk factors CRC were consistent with those model. Processed meat consumption was associated a higher of (hazard ratio (HR) 1.45; P 0.02) but not proximal (HR 0.95;...

Although previous studies have demonstrated an inverse relationship between folate intake and colorectal cancer risk, a recent trial suggests that supplemental folic acid may accelerate tumorigenesis among patients with history of adenoma. Therefore, high priority has been given to research investigating the influence on progression in cancer.To investigate whether prediagnostic levels plasma are associated cancer-specific overall mortality, we performed prospective, nested observational...

The latest report by the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute of concluded that there is convincing evidence adult height and obesity are risk factors for colorectal cancer. However, studies relating body fatness during early life to cancer or adenoma scarce. In Nurses' Health Study II, participants recalled attained shape at ages 5, 10, 20 years (using a 9-level pictogram: 1 = most lean shape, 9 overweight shape) baseline. Among 32,707 women who had least one lower bowel endoscopy...

<h3>Background</h3> Randomized trials have shown the efficacy of an office systems approach in improving colorectal cancer (CRC) screening behaviors; its feasibility real-world primary care practices has not been well studied. <h3>Methods</h3> Between August 1, 2000, and December 2001, we enrolled 185 clinicians identified through purchased database lists. At end follow-up (December 31, 2002), 127 had completed preintervention postintervention questionnaires. Trained staff from American...